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The image above shows a squid dissection mount.

Numbered structures shown on


the mount include the funnel, or siphon, (1); anterior vena cava (2); funnel, or
siphon retractor, muscle (3); intestine (4); ink sac (5); gills (6); branchial hearts (7);
posterior vena cava (8); intestinal cecum (9); mantle (10) and the anus (11).

This image (and the accompanying close-up view) show a specially prepared squid
dissection encased in a Lucite block. During the dissection, a midline incision was
made and both sides of the circular mantle (1) were deflected to the side to reveal
the internal organs. It is these rings of mantle in the intact squid that are eaten as
calamari in many restaurants! The gills (2) and major arteries on this dissected
squid have been injected with red latex, while the branchial hearts (3) that supply
blood to the gills and major veins have been injected with blue latex. Note the large
funnel, or siphon, (4) through which water is ejected to achieve a form of
locomotion by "jet propulsion". A pair of lateral fins (5) helps provide stability during
swimming. Squids have eight arms (6) that bear suckers along their length and two
tentacles (7) that bear suckers (8) only on their distal ends. Except for a horny beak
located inside the mouth (9), the squid has only a small vestige of an internal
skeleton called a pen (10).

In terms of circulation, all cephalopods have a closed circulatory system. Blood is


pumped to the body by a centrally located systemic heart (11). After delivering its
oxygen to the squid's tissues, poorly oxygenated blood is returned to the gills via an
anterior vena cava (12) and two posterior vena cavae (13) to be pumped to the gills
(2) by a pair of accessory hearts called branchial hearts (3).

Squid are predators that capture prey with their arms (6) and tentacles (7) and
dispatch the prey with a powerful beak (sometimes containing venom) inside of the
mouth (9). Prey are detected with large eyes (14), the sides of one of which is seen
on the dissection. From there, the food passes through the esophagus into the
stomach to be digested. Once partially digested, the food is diverted to a blind
pouch called the intestinal cecum (15) where the process is completed, after which
the remaining wastes are discharged through the anus (16). Running along side the
intestine is the ink sac (17), which can discharge a load of ink through the anus (15)
that may help to conceal the squid's escape from potential predators or perhaps
startle them into retreating. Also seen on this dissection of a male squid is the penis
(18) through which sperm are inserted into the mantle cavity of the female during a
head-to-head mating.

This image shows a number of anatomical features of a preserved, commercially


prepared dissection mount of a freshwater mussel. Note the large, hatchet-shaped
foot (1) that is used for burrowing into the substrate. The heart (5) has been
injected with red latex, the gills (4) with blue latex and the intestine (9) with yellow
latex. Digestive wastes are discharged from the intestine into the mantle cavity
through the anus (10). Bivalves are distinguished from other molluscs by being
having laterally compressed bodies encased in two shells (valves) that are held
together by a dorsal hinge ligament (6) that causes the valves to open ventrally.
The valves are drawn together by a pair of anterior (2) and posterior (8) adductor
muscles, which are the parts of edible scallops that are eaten. In terms of nutrition,
most bivalves are sedentary filter feeders. The posterior edges of the mantle (7) are
modified to form a ventral incurrent siphon (11) that brings food and oxygen into
the animal and a dorsal excurrent siphon (12) that takes carbon dioxide and wastes
out.

The image above shows the inside of a freshwater mussel shell with all of its
internal organs removed. Observe the iridescent lining of nacre (1). Near the
anterior end of the valve is a raised portion called the umbo (2), which is the oldest
part of the shell. The shells are held together dorsally by a spring like hinge
ligament (3) that causes them to open. They are drawn together two muscles, the
anterior adductor muscle (6) and the posterior adductor muscle (7). Grooves on the
valves called hinge teeth allow the valves to securely interlock. In freshwater
mussels there are two sets of hinge teeth, a posterior set of lateral hinge teeth (4)
and an anterior set of cardinal hinge teeth (5).

The image above shows a preserved, dissected freshwater mussel. Note the
conspicuous fold of tissue called the mantle (1). In molluscs the mantle is a sheath
of skin that hangs down in two folds around the soft body and encloses a mantle
cavity, which performs many of the same functions as a coelom in other animals.
The outer side of the mantle secretes the shell while the inner side is ciliated, and
along with gills (2), participates in gas exchange.

Note the prominent anterior adductor muscle (3) and posterior adductor muscle (4)
that draw the two valves together to enclose and protect the animal from predators.
The lateral hinge teeth (5) that help the valves to securely interlock can also be
seen in this image. Observe the heart (6), which is contained within the pericardial
cavity (7) located in a dorsal position just below the lateral hinge teeth (5). In
molluscs, this cavity represents the remains of a much-reduced coelom. Note the
conspicuous, hatchet-shaped foot (8) that is used for burrowing. In the image
shown, a portion of the foot has been removed to reveal the greenish digestive
gland (9) and gonad (10).

The image above shows another view of a freshwater mussel dissection. Structures
that can be seen on this image include the lateral hinge teeth (3), cardinal hinge
tooth (4), anterior adductor muscle (6), posterior adductor muscle (7), gills (8), the
fleshy mantle (1), a portion of exposed nacre lining the shell (2) and part of the
digestive gland (5) inside what remains of the foot (most of which has been
removed during the dissection). Also visible on the above image is one of the two
pairs of labial palps (9), flap-like structures attached to each side of the at the
anterior end of the visceral mass near the anterior adductor muscle that help guide
food particles toward the mouth.
http://www.uwlax.edu/Biology/Zoo-lab/Lab-6--Molluscs/

http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/BIO001/id/137/rec/7

http://www.usc.edu/org/cosee-west/Jun23-272008/SQUID_LAB_AnneMaben.pdf

1 The dorsal (top) side of the cuttlefish before dissection.

4. The open mantle cavity showing internal organs.

Beak

Cuttlebone
http://www.southernshores.net.au/beachcombing/archives/mayd02.htm
http://www.abccommercial.com/librarysales/sites/abccommercial.com.librarysales/fil
es/studyguides/sg_cuttlefish.pdf
http://www.dps109.org/shepard/websites/dsmith/Lists/HomeworkAnnouncements
%20for%20Students/Attachments/424/Squid%20Dissection%20-%20student
%20version.pdf

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