ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to each and every person who

has contributed his role for the Completion of the
project on THREE PHASE FAULT ANALYSIS
WITH AUTO RESET ON TEMPORARY FAULT &
PERMENANT TRIP OTHER WISE working on
this project Was unique experience. Knowledge and
experience gained from this project will remain With
me as ingratiating memories. We are obliged to
mr.D.C.PARMAR (project internal guide), for the
guidance And cooperation in the project in the time
of difficulties. Thanks for the benevolent Support and
kind attention.
We would also like to thank head of the
department of electrical department who Always
motivated us to do something extra-ordinary. He
provided us very friendly Environment in the
institute. His time particularity and statics of what to
learn and how To learn have helped us stepping into
professional world as well as to be a better person.
Last but not the least, a sincere thanks to my all
friends for the constant moral Support, inspiration,
encouragement without which the task of completing
the project Successfully would have been next to
impossible.
Thanks you to all.

YOUR SINCERELY,

ABSTRACT

This project is designed to understand about the

basic operation of the relay and what are all the
advanced techniques that are being used by the
people to ensure the safe operation of the electrical
appliance. The circuit will isolate the load from the
supply if any power fluctuation occurred. The major
Advantage of the project is, it not only save the
appliance but it will also show the type of the fault
that has been occurred in the system so that it will be
easy for the operator to solve the problem easily. It
will also check whether the fault is a permanent or a
temporary fault. If the fault is temporary fault then
the supply will be restored after a predefined time of
15 seconds otherwise a permanent trip signal is given
to the

Content

Introduction
Types of fault in transmission line
Block diagram
Hardware requirement
Application
Advance in this project
Reference
Conclusion

Introduction

The project is designed to devlop an automatic

tripping mechanism for the three phase suuply
system. The project output resets automatically after
a brief interruption in the event temporary fault while
it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent
fault.
The electrical substation which supply the power to
the consumers i.e indusries or domestic can have
failures due to some fault which can be temporary or
permanent. These faults leads to substantial damage
to the power system equipment. In india it is
comman to observe the failures in supply system due
to the faults that occurs during the transmission or
distribution.
This system is built using three single phase
transformer which are wired in star input and star
output, and 3 transformer are connected in delta
connectios, having input 220 volt and output at 12
volts.This concept low voltage testing of fault
conditions is followed as it is not advisable to create
on main line. 555 timers areused for handling short
duration and long duration fault conditions.
A set of switches are used to create the LL,LG and
LLL fault in low voltage side, for activating the
tripping mechanism. Short duration fault returns the
supply to the load immediately called as temporary
trip while long duration shall in permanant trip.

Types of fault in transmission line

1.

Symmetrical faults

These are verysevere faults and occure

infrequently in the power system. These are
also called as balanced faults and are of two
type namely line to line to line to ground (L-LL-G) and line to line to line(L-L-L)

Fig. Symmetrical faults

Only 2-5 % of systemfault are symmetrical faults.If

these faults occure, system remains balanced but
results in severe damage to the elecrical power
system equipments.
Above figure shows two types of three phase
symmetrical faults. Analysis of these fault is easu,
and usually carried by per phase basis.three phase
fault analysis or information is required for selecting
set-phase relays, rupturing capacity of the circuit
breaker and rating of the protective switchgear.

2.

Unsymmetrical faults

This are very common and less severe than

symmetrical faults. There are mainly three types
namely line to ground(L-G), line to line(L-L) And
double line to ground(LL-G) fauls.

Fig. Unsymmetrical faults

Line to ground fault(L-G) is most common fault and

65-70% of faults are of this type.
It cause the conductor to make contact with earth or
ground. 15-20% of fault are double line to ground
and causes the two conductors to make contact with
ground. Line to line faults occur when two
conductors make contact with each other mainly
swinging of line due to winds and 5-10% of the fault
are of this type.
These are also called unbalanced faults since their
occurrence causes unbalance in the system.unbalance
of the system means that impedance values are
diffrent in each phase causing unbalance current to
flow in the phase.These are more dfficult to analyze
and are carried by per phase basis similar to three
phase balances faults.

Causes of electrical faults

Wheather condition
Equipment failure
Human errors
Smoke of fires

Effect of electrical faults

Over current flow
Danger to operating personnel
Loss of equipment
Disturbs interconnected active circuits
Electrical fires