List of Brightest Stars

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List of brightest stars

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This article is about apparent magnitude. For absolute magnitude, see List of most luminous stars.
This is a list of the brightest individual stars determined by their average apparent magnitudes in the visible spectrum as seen from Earth. This is not the same as a list of the brightest stars as seen with the naked eye, as close binary or multiple star systems will appear as a single star with an apparent magnitude greater than their
individual components, e.g. the binary system Rigel Kentaurus has an apparent magnitude of -0.27, but the brightest individual star is Alpha Centauri A with the apparent magnitude as listed here of -0.01. Hence Alpha Centauri is the third brightest star in the night sky, while its brightest component Alpha Centauri A is the fourth
[1]
brightest individual star. Stellar brightness in this table is limited to brighter than +2.50 magnitude, as the number of observable stars increases exponentially as the magnitude increases. To the naked eye on a clear dark night, in a location far from cities and lights, the total number of stars visible is around 9000 (9110 total
objects in the Bright Star Catalogue of naked eye stars, including 9096 stars, ten novae or supernovae, and four clusters). Telescopically, stars have been mapped, photographed and catalogued almost completely down to the 11th magnitude, and recent star surveys are continuing to catalogue even fainter stars.
Contents
1 List
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
List[edit]
Below are listed the 93 brightest individual stars in order of their average apparent magnitudes.
For comparison, the non-stellar objects in our Solar System with maximum visible magnitudes below +2.50 are the Moon (12.92), Venus (4.89), Jupiter (2.94), Mars (2.91), Mercury (2.45), and Saturn (0.49).
An exact order of the visual brightness of stars is not perfectly defined for the following reasons:
The brightnesses of all stars were traditionally based on the apparent visual magnitude as perceived by the human eye, from the brightest stars of 1st magnitude to the faintest at 6th magnitude. The invention of the telescope and the discovery of double or binary stars meant that star brightness could be individual (separate) or
total (combined).
More and more accurate instrumental photometry differentiated stellar magnitudes, often changing the order of lists of brighter stars.
[2]
Stellar magnitude is sometimes listed by the apparent brightness of stars as seen to the naked eye as if they were single stars, as it is here. Other examples include Norton's Star Atlas 18th Edition pg. 136.
Other stellar magnitude lists report individual stars, differentiating those in binary stars or double star systems. Often, the differences apply to the ten or hundred brightest stars. For example, the total or combined magnitude of Capella is 0.08, while Capella A and B have magnitudes of 0.76 and 0.91.
A third kind includes the Sun as first in the magnitude listings, making Sirius 2nd, Canopus 3rd, etc. Some, like this list, place the Sun at zero, as it is not a nighttime star.
There are sometimes small statistical variations in measured magnitudes; however, for most of the brightest stars, accurate photometry means brightness stays unchanged. These particular stars are sometimes called standard stars, which appear in the Catalogues of Fundamental Stars like the FK4, FK5 or FK6.
Some stars, like Betelgeuse and Antares, are variable stars, changing their magnitude over days, months or years. (In the table, these are indicated with var.)
V Mag.
(m)
Bayer designation
26.74
Proper name
(Sun)
Distance (ly)
0.000 016
Spectral class
SIMBAD
G2 V
1.46
CMa
Sirius
8.6
A1 V
Sirius A
0.72
Car
Canopus
310
F0 Ia
Canopus
0.27
Cen AB (1,2 Cen) Rigil Kent, Toliman[3][note 1] 4.4

Arcturus
37
0.04 var Boo
G2 V/K1 V
Alpha Centauri
K1.5 III
Arcturus
0.03
Lyr
Vega
25
A0 V
Vega
0.08
Aur
Capella
42
G8 III, G1 III
Capella A
0.12
Ori
Rigel
860
B8 Iab
Rigel
0.34
CMi
Procyon
11
F5 IV-V
Procyon
0.42 var
Ori
Betelgeuse
640
Eri
Achernar
140
10 0.50
[4]
M2 Iab
Betelgeuse
B3 Vpe
Achernar
11 0.60
Cen
Agena, Hadar
350
B1 III
Hadar (Agena)
12 0.77
Aql
Altair
17
A7 V
Altair
13 0.77
Cru
Acrux
320
B1 V
Acrux A
14 0.85 var
Tau
Aldebaran
65
K5 III
Aldebaran
Spica
15 1.04
Vir
Spica
260
B1 III-IV, B2 V
16 1.09 var
Sco
Antares
600
M1.5 Iab-b
Antares
17 1.15
Gem
Pollux
34
K0 IIIb
Pollux
18 1.16
PsA
Fomalhaut
25
A3 V
Fomalhaut
19 1.25
Cyg
Deneb
2,600
A2 Ia
Deneb
20 1.30
Cru
21 1.35
Leo
Mimosa, Becrux
Regulus
22 1.51
CMa
Adara
[note 1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars (1 de 6)23/12/2014 19:28:55
350
B0.5 IV
Mimosa
77
B7 V
Regulus
430
B2 Iab
Adara
23 1.58
Gem
Castor
52
A1 V, A2 Vm
Castor
24 1.62
Sco
Shaula
700
B1.5-2 IV+
Shaula
25 1.63
Cru
Gacrux
88
M4III
Gacrux
26 1.64
Ori
Bellatrix
240
B2 III
Bellatrix
27 1.68
Tau
El Nath
130
B7 III
El Nath
28 1.68
Car
Miaplacidus
110
A2 IV
Miaplacidus
29 1.70
Ori
Alnilam
1,300
B0 Iab
Alnilam
30 1.70
Ori A
Alnitak
820
O9 Iab
Alnitak A
31 1.74
Gru
Alnair
100
B7 IV
Al Na'ir
32 1.76
UMa
Alioth
81
A0pCr
Alioth
33 1.78
2 Vel
Suhail, Regor
840
WC8 + O7.5e
Gamma2 Velorum
34 1.79
UMa
Dubhe
120
K0 III, F0 V
Dubhe
35 1.80
Sgr
Kaus Australis
140
B9.5 III
Kaus Australis
36 1.82
Per
Mirfak
590
F5 Ib
Mirfak
37 1.84
CMa
Wezen
1,800
F8 Ia
Wezen
38 1.85
UMa
Benetnasch, Alkaid
100
B3 V
Benetnasch (Alkaid)
39 1.86
Sco
Sargas
270
F1 II
Sargas
40 1.86
Car
Avior
630
K3 III, B2 Vp
Avior
41 1.90
Gem
Alhena
100
A0 IV
Alhena
42 1.91
Pav
Peacock
180
B2 IV
Peacock
43 1.92
TrA
Atria
420
K2 IIb-IIIa
Atria
44 1.96
Vel
Koo She
80
A1 V, F2-F5
Delta Velorum
45 1.97 var
UMi
Polaris
430
F7 Ib-II
Polaris
46 1.98
CMa
Mirzam
500
B1 II-III
Murzim
47 1.98
Hya
Alphard
180
K3 II-III
Alphard
Hamal
48 2.00
Ari
Hamal
66
K2IIICa-1
49 2.01
1 Leo
Algieba
130
K0 IIIb, G7 IIICN
Algieba
50 2.04
Cet
Deneb Kaitos, Diphda
96
K0 III
Deneb Kaitos
51 2.05
Ori
Saiph
720
B0.5Iavar
Saiph
52 2.06
Sgr
Nunki, Sadira
220
B2.5 V
Nunki
53 2.06
Cen
Menkent
61
K0IIIb
Menkent
54 2.06
And
Alpheratz, Sirrah
97
B8IV
Alpheratz
55 2.06
And
Mirach
200
M0III
Mirach
56 2.08
UMi
Kochab
130
K4 III
Kochab
Ras Alhague
57 2.10
Oph
Rasalhague
47
A5V
58 2.12 var
Per
Algol
93
B8V
Algol
59 2.13
Gru
170
M5 III
Beta Gruis
60 2.14
Leo
Denebola
36
A3 V
Denebola
61 2.15
And
Almach
350
K3IIb, B9.5V
Almach
62 2.17
Cen
Muhlifain
130
A1IV, (A0III/A0III) Muhlifain
64 2.21
Pup
Naos, Suhail Hadar
1,400
O5 Ia
Zeta Puppis
65 2.21
CrB
Alphecca, Gemma
75
A0V, G5V
Alphecca
66 2.23
Vel
Suhail
570
K4.5 Ib-II
Lambda Velorum
67 2.23
Dra
Eltanin
150
K5 III
Etamin
68 2.23
1 UMa
Mizar
78
A2 V
Mizar A
69 2.23
Ori
Mintaka
900
O9.5 II, B0.5III
Mintaka
70 2.24
Cyg
Sadr
1,500
F8 Ib
Sadr
71 2.25
Cas
Schedar
230
K0 IIIa
Schedar
72 2.25
Car
Aspidiske, Turais
690
A8 Ib
Aspidiske
73 2.27
Cas
Caph
54
F2 III-IV
Caph
74 2.27
Cen
380
B1III
Epsilon Centauri
75 2.28
Lup
Men, Kakkab
550
B1.5 II
Alpha Lupi
76 2.29
Sco
Dschubba
400
B0.2 IV
Dschubba
77 2.29
Sco
Wei
65
K2 IIIb
Wei
78 2.32
Cen
Marfikent
310
B1.5Vne
Eta Centauri
79 2.35
UMa
Merak
79
A1V
Merak
80 2.37
Phe
Ankaa, Nair al Zaurak
77
K0 III
Ankaa
81 2.38
Sco
Girtab
460
B1.5 III
Girtab
82 2.39
Cas
Tsih, Navi
610
B0.5 IVe
Gamma Cassiopeiae
83 2.39
Boo
Izar
202
A0
Izar
84 2.40
Peg
Enif
670
K2 Ib
Enif
85 2.40
CMa
Aludra
2,000
86 2.42
Peg
Scheat
200
[5]
B5 Ia
Aludra
M2.3 II-III
Scheat
87 2.43
UMa
Phecda
84
A0Ve SB
Phecda
88 2.43
Oph
Sabik
49
A1 V, A3 V
Sabik
89 2.44
Cep
Alderamin
49
A7 IV
Alderamin
90 2.46
Vel
Markeb
540
B2 IV-V
Kappa Velorum
91 2.49
Peg
Markab
140
B9 III
Markab
92 2.50
Cyg
Gienah
72
K0 II
Gienah
93 2.50
Sco
Acrab
404
B1V+B2V
Acrab
See also[edit]
Star portal
Historical brightest stars: the brightest star in Earth's night sky at each period within the last or next 5 million years
List of constellations
List of constellations by area
List of largest stars
List of most luminous stars
List of nearest bright stars
List of nearest galaxies
List of nearest stars
Lists of stars
Lists of stars by constellation
Stars and planetary systems in fiction
Book: The Brightest Stars
Notes[edit]
1. ^
ab
Not in common use
References[edit]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
^ David Haworth, Observational Astronomy, "How Many Stars You Can Observe"
^ Dolan, Chris. "The Brightest Stars, as Seen from the Earth". Reference (2010).
^ Kunitzsch P., & Smart, T., A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations, Cambride, Sky Pub. Corp., 2006, p. 27
^ Graham M. Harper, Alexander Brown, and Edward F. Guinan, (April 2008). "A New VLA-Hipparcos Distance to Betelgeuse and its Implications" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal (IOP Publishing) 135 (4,): pp. 14301440. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.1430H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1430. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
^ van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
External links[edit]
25 Brightest Stars, as Seen from the Earth

The Brightest Stars at An Atlas of the Universe
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