n tt nghip

Xy dng h thng iu
khin v lp trnh iu khin
thang my

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I.
Mc lc
Mc lc.....................................................................................................................1
Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my..................................................2
I. Gii thiu thang my.............................................................................................2
II. Phn loi thang my............................................................................................5
1. Phn loi theo chc nng................................................................................5
2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn..................................................................6
3. Phn loi theo ti trng...................................................................................6
4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti..................................................................6
5. Theo h thng vn hnh.................................................................................6
III. Trang thit b c kh ca thang my....................................................................7
1. Tng th c kh thang my.............................................................................7
2. Thit b lp t trong bung my ...................................................................7
3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my.................................................................9
4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my......................................................9
5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang..........................................................10
5.1 Ray dn hng..........................................................................................10
5.2 Gim chn...............................................................................................10
6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan......................................................................10
6.1 Khung cabin............................................................................................10
6.2 Ngm dn hng.......................................................................................10
6.3 H thng treo ca bin................................................................................10
6.4 Bung cabin..........................................................................................11
6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng.............................................................11
7. H thng cn bng trong thang my..............................................................11
7.1 i trng.................................................................................................11
7.2 Xch v cp cn bng...............................................................................12
7.3 Cp nng..................................................................................................12
7.4 B ko ti................................................................................................12
8. Thit b an ton c kh..................................................................................13
8.1 Phanh hm in t : ................................................................................13
8.2 Phanh bo him : ................................................................................13
9. Cm bin v tr...............................................................................................14
IV. H thng mch in ca thang my..................................................................16
1. Mch ng lc:............................................................................................16
2. Mch iu khin:..........................................................................................16
3. Mch tn hiu:..............................................................................................17
4. Mch chiu sng: ........................................................................................17
5. Mch an ton:...............................................................................................17
Chng II: kho st c tnh ca thang my v cc yu cu iu khin...................17
a. Kho st c im ca thang...............................................................................17
b. Tnh chn cng sut ng c chuyn ng thang my ......................................21
c. Cc h truyn ng dng trong thang my..........................................................25
d. c im c trng cho ch lm vic ca h truyn ng thang my..............26
e. nh hng ca tc , gia tc v git i vi h truyn ng thang my.........27
f. Dng chnh xc bung thang...............................................................................28
g. h bin tn ng c v h thng iu khin pLc................................................32
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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1. s khi ca h bin tn ng c .............................................................33

2. Gii thiu v bin tn 3g3mv ca omron......................................................33
1.1 t vn ................................................................................................33
1.2 Tng quan v bin tn 3G3MV v chc nng hot ng.......................34
2........................................................................................................................35
2.1 .................................................................................................................35
chng III: xy dng h thng iu khin v lp trnh iu khin thang my...........35
I. Phng php m t mch trnh t............................................................................35
II. Tng hp mch trnh t........................................................................................37
III. Xy dng cc khi chc nng chnh ca thang...................................................38
1. Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu ...............................39
2. bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang...........................................39
3. Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca bung thang(ang nng hay ang
h).......................................................................................................................39
4. Nng h bung thang...................................................................................39
5. iu khin dng bung thang......................................................................39
6. Bi ton ng m ca...................................................................................42
7. Bi ton iu khin n v qut bung thang................................................45
8. Bi ton x l cc s c xy ra i vi thang................................................45
IV. PLC ...................................................................................................................45
2.2 s tng qut ca PLC..........................................................................46
2.3 Cu trc b nh ca CPU.........................................................................49
2.4 Vng qut chng trnh..........................................................................51
2.4 K thut lp trnh......................................................................................52
2.5 Ngn ng lp trnh..................................................................................55
chng IV: xy dng m hnh m phng thang my................................................56
I. Xc nh cc vn s m phng.........................................................................56
II. Xy dng kt cu cho m hnh m phng............................................................56
III. Xy dng k hoch m phng v kim nghim trn thc t..............................56

Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my

I.
Gii thiu thang my
Thang my l thit b vn ti dng ch ngi v hng ho theo phng thng
ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 150 so vi phng thng ng theo mt tuyn
nh sn.Thang my v my nng c s dng rng ri trong cc ngnh sn xut ca
nn kinh t quc dn nh trong ngnh khai thc hm m,trong ngnh xy dng,luyn
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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kim,cng nghip nh nhng ni thang my v my nng c s dng vn

chuyn hng ho,sn phm,a cng nhn ti ni lm vic c cao khc nhauN
thay th cho sc lc ca con ngi v mang li nng sut cao.Hnh dng tng th
ca thang my c gii thiu ti hnh 1.

Hnh 1.1 : hnh dng tng th ca thang my

Trong sinh hot dn dng,thang my c lp t v s dng rng ri trong cc
to nh cao tng,trong cc khch sn,siu th,cng s v trong cc bnh vin.H
thng thang my gip con ngi tit kim c nhiu thi gian v sc lc
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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Nhiu quc gia trn th gii quy nh i vi cc to nh cao trn 6 tng tr ln

phi c trang b thang my m bo cho ngi i li thun tin,tit kim thi gian
v tng nng sut lao ng.Gi thnh ca thang my trang b cho cng trnh so vi
tng gi thnh cng trnh chim khong 6% n 7% l hp l.
Vit Nam trc y thang my ch yu c s dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip
ch hng ho v t c ph bin.Nhng trong giai on hin nay vi s pht trin
mnh m ca nn kinh t quc dn v i sng nhn dn ngy cng nng cao,vic s
dng thang my trong mi lnh vc ngy cng tng ln.
Ph ti ca thang my thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng ,n ph thuc vo lng
hnh khc i li trong mt ngy m v hng vn chuyn hnh khch.Nh thang my
lp t trong nh hnh chnh,bui sng u gi lm vic hnh khch i nhiu theo
chiu ln.cn bui chiu ,cui gi lm vic,hnh khch s i theo chiu xung nhiu.
Thang my l mt thit b vn chuyn i hi tnh an ton nghim ngt ,n lin
quan trc tip n ti sn v tnh mng con ngi ,v vy yu cu chung i vi h
thng thang my khi thit k ,ch to ,lp t ,vn hnh,s dng v sa cha l phi
tun th mt cch nghim ngt cc yu cu k thut an ton c quy nh trong cc
tiu chun, quy trnh, quy phm.
Thang my ch c cabin p ,sang trng,thng thong , m du th cha iu
kin a vo s dng m cn phi y cc thit b an ton, m bo tin cy
nh: in chiu sng d phng khi mt in,in thoi ni b(interphone), chung
bo,b hm bo him, an ton cabin(i trng), cng tc an ton ca ca cabin,kho
an ton ca tng, b cu h khi mt ngun in
La chn thang my khng ch n thun xem xt cc vn k thut m cn
phi xem xt c cc yu t kinh t .Hin nhin cng nhiu thang my c ti nh mc
ln,tc nh mc cao,h iu khin cng hin i th cng to iu kin thun li
cho khch hng s dng cng nh rt ngn thi gian ch i,gim thi gian i tc
nh mc,mt mt i hi vn u t cho thang ln,mt khc lm tng din tch chim
ch,tng chi ph xy dng cho ging thangNh vy iu kin thun li cho hnh
khch v vn u t lun l hai ch tiu t l nghch vi nhau.Qu trnh la chn thang
my chnh l qu trnh xc nh s thang,tnh nng k thut ca thang (ti ,tc
nh mc,phng php iu khin),cc kch thc c bn ca thang v v tr t

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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thang ph hp vi c im ,mc ch s dng ca to nh vi vn u t chp nhn c.

i vi nh s dng nhiu thang, bn cnh vic chn tnh nng k thut cn phi
b tr chng thnh nhm sao cho hp l tn dng nng sut ti u ca thang cng
nh to thun li cho khch.
i vi cc to nh cao tng c lng hnh khch cn vn chuyn ln ngi ta thng
chi thang my ra lm cc nhm ring phc v cc thnh phn khc nhau theo chiu
cao ca to nh.Cc thang my cc nhm khc nhau c th c tnh nng k thut
khc nhau,thng cc thang phc v cho cc tng cao c tI v tc nh mc ln
hn cc thang phc v phn thp hn.
II.
Phn loi thang my
Tu thuc vo tnh cht,chc nng ca thang my.Thang my c th phn loi
thnh rt nhiu loi tu thuc vo cc tnh cht.v d nh phn loi theo h dn ng
cabin,theo v tr t b ko ti,theo h thng vn hnh,theo cng dng.di y l
mt s phn loi:

1. Phn loi theo chc nng

+ Thang my ch ngi
Gia tc cho php c quy nh theo cm gic ca hnh khch :Gia tc ti u l a<
2m/s2
Thang my dng trong cc to nh cao tng : loi ny c tc trung bnh
hoc ln,i hi vn hnh m,an ton v c tnh m thut
Thang my dng trong bnh vin:Phi m bo rt an ton,s ti u v m
khi dch chuyn,thi gian dch chuyn ,tnh u tin ng theo cc yu cu ca
bnh vin..
Thang my dng trong cc hm m ,x nghip:p ng c cc iu c cc
iu kin lm vic nng n trong cng nghip nh tc ng ca mI trng lm
vic: m,nhit ,thi gian lm vic,s n mn
+ Thang my ch hng
c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip,trong kinh doanhN i hi cao v vic
dng chnh xc bung thang my m bo cho vic vn chuyn hng ho ln xung
thang my c d dng thun tin

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn.

Thang my tc thp : v < 1 m/s

Thang my tc trung bnh: v= 1 2,5 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh

c s tng t 6 12 tng.

Thang my tc cao:v =2,5 4 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh c s

tng mt >16 tng.

Thang my tc rt cao(Siu tc) : v = 5m/s. Thng dng trong cc

to thp cao tng.

3. Phn loi theo ti trng

Thang my loi nh :Q < 500 Kg.Hay dng trong th vin,trong cc nh

hng n ung vn chuyn sch hoc thc phm

Thang my loi trung bnh : Q = 500 1000 Kg.

Thang my loi ln : Q = 1000 1600 kg.

Thang my loi rt ln Q > 1600 Kg.

4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti

i vi thang my in
Thang my c b ko ti t pha trn ging thang.
Thang my c b ti ko t di ging thang .
i vi thang my dn ng cabin ln xung bng bnh rng thanh rng th b ti dn
ng t ngay trn nc cabin.
i vi thang my thu lc : Bung t ti tng trt .

5. Theo h thng vn hnh.

a) Theo mc d t ng :
+ loi na t ng
+ loi t ng ;
b ) theo t hp iu khin :
+ iu khin n ;
+ iu khin kp ;
+ iu khin theo nhm ;
c ) theo v tr iu khin :
+ iu khin trong cabin ;
+ iu khin ngoi cabin ;
+ iu khin c trong v ngoi cabin ;

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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III.

Trang thit b c kh ca thang my

1. Tng th c kh thang my
Cc thit b chnh ca thang my gm c : bung thang ,ti nng, cp treo
bung thang, i trng, ng c truyn ng, phanh hm in t v cc thit b iu
khin khc.
Tt c cc thit b ca thang my c trong ging bung thang (khong khng
gian t trn ca tng cao nht n mc su nht ca tng 1), trong bung my (trn
sn tng cao nht ) v h bung thang (di mc sn tng 1). B tr c thit b ca mt
thang my c biu din trn hnh 1.2.
Cc thit b thang gm c : 1. ng c in ; 2. Puli ; 3. Cp treo; 4. B hn
ch tc ; 5.Bung thang ; 6. Thanh dn hng ;7. H thng i trng ; 8. Tr c
nh ; 9. Puli dn hng ; 10. cp lin ng ; 11. Cp cp in ; 12. ng c ng
m ca bung thang.

2. Thit b lp t trong bung my

+ C cu nng
Trong bung my lp t h thng ti nng h bung thang (c cu nng) 1
(trn hnh 1.2) to ra lc ko chuyn ng bung thang v i trng.
C cu nng gm c cc b phn sau : b phn ko cp (puli hoc tang qun
cp ), hp gim tc , phanh hm in t v ng c truyn ng. Tt c cc b phn
trn c lp t trn tm bng thp. Trong thang my thng dng hai c cu nng
(hnh 1.3) :
-

c cu nng c hp tc (hnh 1.3 a)

c cu nng khng dng hp tc (hnh 1.3 b).

C cu nng khng c hp tc thng c s dng trong cc thang my tc

cao.
+ T in : trong t in lp rp cu dao tng, cu ch cc loi, cng tc t v
cc loi rle trung gian.
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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+ Puli dn hng 2 (hnh 1.2).

Hnh 1.2 :cc thit b c kh lp trong thang.

+ B phn hn ch tc 4 (hnh 1.2) lm vic phi hp vi phanh bo him

bng cp lin ng 10 hn ch tc di chuyn ca bung thang
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my

+ Bung thang : Trong qu trnh lm vic, bung thang 5 (hnh 1.2) di chuyn
trong ging thang my dc theo cc thanh dn hng 6 (hnh 1.2). Trn nc bung
thang c lp t phanh bo him, ng c truyn ng ng - m ca bung thang 12
(hnh 1.2). Trong bung thang lp t h thng nt bm iu khin, h thng n bo,
n chiu sng bung thang, cng tc lin ng vi sn ca bung thang v in thoi
ln lc vi bn ngoi trong trng hp thang my mt in. Cung cp in cho bung
thang bng dy cp mm 11 (hnh 1.2).
+ H thng cp treo 3 (hnh 1.2) l h thng cp hai nhnh mt u ni vi
bung thang u cn li ni vi i trng 7 cng vi puli dn hng .
+ Trong ging ca thang my cn lp t cc b cm bin v tr dng
chuyn i tc ng c, dng bung thang mi tng v hn ch hnh trnh nng
h ca thang my.

4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my

Trong h ging thang my lp t h thng gim xc 8 (hnh 1.2) l h thng
gim xc dng l xo v gim xc thu lc trnh s va p ca bung thang v i
trng xung sn ca ging thang my trong trng hp cng tc hnh trnh hn ch
hnh trnh di chuyn xung b s c (khng hot ng).

Hnh 1.3 : C cu nng thang

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang

5.1 Ray dn hng
Ray dn hng c lp t dc theo ging thang dn hng cho cabin v i
trng chuyn ng dc theo ging thang. Ray dn hng m bo cho cabin v i
trng lun nm v tr thit k ca chng trong ging thang v khng b dch chuyn
theo phng nm ngang trong qu trnh chuyn ng. Ngoi ra ray dn hng cn phi
cng vng trng lng ca cabin v ti trng trong cabin ta ln dn hng cng
cc thnh phn ti trng ng khi b hm bo him lm vic (trong trng hp b t
cp hoc cabin i xung vi tc ln hn gi tr cho php).

5.2 Gim chn

Gim chn c lp t di y h thang dng v cabin v i trng trong trng hp cabin hoc i trng chuyn ng xung di vt qu b tr t ca cng tc
hnh trnh cui cng. Gim chn phi c cao ln khi caibin hoc i trng t
ln n th c khong trng cn thit pha di ph hp cho ngi c trch nhim thc
hin kim tra, iu chnh, sa cha.

6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan

Cabin l b phn mang ti ca thang my.Cabin phi c kt cu sao cho c th
tho ri n thnh tng b phn nh.Theo cu to,cabin gm 2 phn:kt cu chu
lc(khung cabin) v cc vch che, trn, sn to thnh bung cabin.Trn khung cabin
c lp cc ngm dn hng, h thng treo cabin, h thng tay n v b hm bo him,
h thng ca v c cu ng m ca.Ngoi ra,cabin ca thang my ch ngi phi
m bo cc yu cu v thng gi, nhit v nh sng.

6.1 Khung cabin

Khung cabin l phn xng sng ca cabin thang my. c cu to bng cc thanh
thp chu lc ln. Khung cabin phi m bo cho thit k chu ti nh mc.

6.2 Ngm dn hng

Ngm dn hng c tc dng dn hng cho cabin v i trng chuyn ng dc
theo ray dn hng v khng ch dch chuyn ngang ca cabin v i trng trong
ging thang khng vt qu gi tr cho php. C hai loi ngm dn hng : ngm trt(bc trt) v ngm con ln.

6.3 H thng treo ca bin

Do cabin v i trng c treo bng nhiu si cp ring bit cho nn phi c h
thng treo m bo cho cc si cp nng ring bit c cng nh nhau.Trong trng hp ngc li ,si cp chu lc cng ln nht s b qu ti cn si cp chng s trt
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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trn rnh puly ma st nn rt nguy him.Ngoi ra ,do c si chng si cng nn cc

rnh cp trn puly ma st s b mn khng u.V vy m h thng treo cabin phi c trang b thm tip im in ca mch an ton ngt in dng thang khi mt
trong cc si cp chng qu mc cho php phng nga tai nn.Khi thang ch c
th hot ng c khi iu chnh cng ca cc cp nh nhau.H thng treo cabin
c lp t vi dm trn khung ng trong h thng chu lc ca cabin.

6.4 Bung cabin

Bung cabin l mt kt cu c th tho ri c gm trn, sn v vch cabin.Cc
phn ny c lin kt vi nhau v lin kt vi khung chu lc ca cabin.Bung cabin
phi m bo c cc yu cu cn thit v mt k thut cng nh mt m thut

6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng

Ca cabin v ca tng l nhng b phn c vai tr rt quan trong trong vic m
bo an ton v c nh hng ln n cht lng, nng sut ca thang my.h thng ca
cabin v ca tng c thit k sao cho khi dng ti tng no th ch dng ng c m
ca bung thang ng thi h thng c kh gn ca bung thang lin kt vi ca tng
lm cho ca tng cng c m ra.Tng t khi ng li th h thng lin kt s khng
tc ng vo ca tng na m bung thang li di chuyn i n cc tng khc.

7. H thng cn bng trong thang my

i trng, cp nng, cp in, cp hoc xch cn bng l nhng b phn ca h
thng cn bng trong thang my cn bng vi vi trng lng ca cabin v ti trng
nng.Vic chn s ng hc v trng lng cc b phn ca h thng cn bng c
nh hng ln n mmen ti trng v cng sut ng c ca c cu dn ng, n lc
cng ln nht ca cp nng v kh nng ko ca puly ma st.

7.1 i trng
i trng l b phn ng vai tr chnh trong h thng cn bng ca thang
my.i vi thang my c chiu cao nng khng ln, ngi ta chn i trng sao cho
trng lng ca n cn bng vi trng lng ca cabin v mt phn ti trng nng ,cp
in v khng dng cp hoc xch cn bng.Khi thang my c chiu cao nng ln,
trng lng ca cp nng v cp in l ng k nn ngi ta phi dng cp hoc xch
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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cn bng b tr li phn ti trng ca cp in v cp nng chuyn t nhnh treo

cabin sang nhnh treo i trng v ngc li khi thang my hot ng.

7.2 Xch v cp cn bng

Khi thang my c chiu cao trn 45 m hoc trng lng cp nng v cp in c gi
tr trn 0,1 Q th ngi ta phi t thm cp hoc xch cn bng b tr li phn trng
lng ca cp nng v cp in chuyn t nhnh treo cabin sang nhnh treo i trng
v ngc li khi thang my hot ng, m bo mmen ti tng i n nh trn puly
ma st. Xch cn bng thng c dng cho thang my c tc di 1,4 m/s. i vi
thang my c tc cao, ngi ta thng dng cp cn bng v c thit b ko cng cp
cn bng khng b xon. Ti thit b ko cng cp cn bng phi c tip im in
an ton ngt mch iu khin ca thang my khi cp cn bng b t hoc b dn
qu ln v khi c s c vi thit b ko cng cp cn bng.

7.3 Cp nng
C cu to bng si thp cacbon tt c gii hn bn 1400 1800 N/mm2 .
Trong thang my thng dng t 3 n 4 si cp bn. Cp nng c chn theo iu
kin sau:

MAX

*n

Trong :
Smax - lc cng cp ln nht trong qu trnh lm vic ca thang my ;
Sd

- ti trng ph hng cp do nh ch to xc nh v cho trong bng cp

tiu chun tu thuc vo loi cp , ng knh cp v gii hn bn ca vt liu

si thp bn cp
n - h s an ton bn ca cp, ly khng nh hn gi tr quy nh trong tiu
chun, tu thuc vo tc , loi thang my v loi c cu nng.

7.4 B ko ti
Tu theo s dn ng m b ti ko c t trong phng my dn ng
nm pha trn, pha di hoc nm cnh ging thang. B ti ko dn ng in gm
c hp gim tc v loi khng c hp gim tc. i vi thang my c tc ln ngi
ta dng b ti ko khng c hp gim tc.

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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8. Thit b an ton c kh

Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my c vai tr m bo an ton cho thang my

v hnh khch trong trng hp xy ra s c nh :t cp, cp trt trn rnh puly ma st,
cabin h vi tc vt qu gi tr cho php. Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my
gm c:

8.1 Phanh hm in t :
V kt cu, cu to, nguyn l hot ng ging nh phanh hm in t dng trong cc
c cu ca cu trc.

8.2 Phanh bo him :

( c mt s tn gi khc nh : phanh d hoc c cu t p). Chc nng ca phanh bo
him l hn ch tc di chuyn ca bung thang vt qu gii hn cho php v gi
cht bung thang ti ch bng cch p vo hai thanh dn hng trong trng hp b t
cp treo. V kt cu v cu to, phanh bo him c ba loi :
- Phanh bo him kiu nm dng hm khn cp.
- Phanh bo him kiu km (hnh 1.4) dng hm m.
- Phanh bo him kiu lch tm dng hm khn cp.
Phanh bo him lp t trn nc ca bung thang, hai gng km 2 trt dc theo hai
thanh dn hng 1. Nm gia hai cnh tay u ca gng km c nm 5 gn cht vi h
thng truyn lc trc vt v tang - bnh vt 4. H truyn lc bnh vt - trc vt c hai
dng ren : bn phi l ren phi, cn phn bn tri l ren tri. Khi tc ca bung
thang thp hn tr s gii hn ti a cho php, nm 5 hai u ca trc vt v tr xa
nht so vi tang - bnh vt 4, lm cho hai gn km 2 trt bnh thng dc theo thanh
dn hng 1. Trong trng hp tc ca bung thang vt qu gii hn cho php,

Hnh 1.4 Phanh hm bo him kiu km

1.thanh dn hng; 2. gng km; 3. dy cp lin ng c vi b hn ch tc ;
4. tang bnh vt ; 5. Nm.
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tang - bnh vt 4 s quay theo chiu ko di hai u nm 5 v pha mnh , lm cho

hai gng km 2 p cht vo thanh dn hng, kt qu s hn ch c tc di chuyn
ca bung thang v trong trng hp b t cp treo, s gi cht bung thang vo hai
thanh dn hng.

9. Cm bin v tr
Trong thang my v my nng, cc bn phn cm bin v tr dng :
- Pht lnh dng bung thang mi tng.
- Chuyn i tc ng c truyn ng t tc cao sang tc thp khi
bung thang n gn tng cn dng, nng cao dng chnh xc ca bung thang.
- Xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
Hin nay, trong s khng ch thang my v my nng thng dng ba loi
cm bin v tr :
+ Cm bin v tr kiu c kh(cng
tc chuyn i tng)
Hnh 1.5 Cm bin v tr kiu c kh
1. Tm cch in; 2. Tip im tnh;
3.Tip im ng ; 4. Cn gt; 5. Vng m
cao su
Cm bin v tr kiu c kh l mt
loi cng tc ba v tr. Khi bung thang di chuyn i ln, di tc dng ca vu gt (lp
mi tng) s gt tay gt sang bn phi, cp tip im 2 bn tri kn, khi bung thang
di chuyn theo chiu i xung, v tr tay gt bn tri, cp tip im 2 v tr gia, c
hai cp tip im 2 u h.
u im : c kt cu n gin, thc hin ba chc nng ca b phn cm
bin v tr.
Nhc im :
- Tui th lm vic khng cao, c bit l i vi thang my tc cao
- Gy ting n ln, gy nhiu cho cc thit b v tuyn.
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+ Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng (hnh 1.6).

Hnh 1.6. Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng

a)Cu to ca cm bin ;b) S nguyn t ca b cm bin.
1.Mch t ; 2. Cun dy ; 3. Tm st ch TS
i vi thang my tc cao, nu dng b cm bin kiu c kh, lm gim
tin cy trong qu trnh lm vic. Bi vy trong cc s khng ch thang my tc
cao thng dng cc b cm bin khng tip im: kiu cm ng, kiu in dung v
kiu quang in.
Nguyn l lm vic ca cm bin kiu cm ng v tr da trn s thay i tr s
in cm (L) ca cun dy c mch t khi mch t kn v mch t h.
Cu to ca b cm bin v tr kiu cm ng (hnh 1.6a) gm mch in t 1,
cun dy 2. Khi mch t h, in tr ca b cm bin bng in tr thun ca cun
dy, cn khi mch t b che kn bng thanh thp ch U (3), in tr cm bin s tng
t bin do thnh phn in cm (L) ca cun dy tng.
S nguyn l ca b cm bin kiu cm ng c gii thiu trn hnh 3.31a.
B cm bin c th u ni trc tip vi rle trung gian RTr mt chiu hoc rle trung
gian xoay chiu. Khi mch t h, do in tr ca cm bin rt nh, rle trung gian
RTr tc ng, cn khi mch t kn, do in tr ca cm bin rt ln rle trung gian
RTr khng tc ng. nng cao tin cy lm vic ca rle trung gian, u t C
song song vi cun dy ca b cm bin. Tr s in dung ca t C c la chn sao
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cho khi thanh st 3 che kn mch t ca b t cm bin s to c ch cng hng

dng. Thng thng b cm bin CB c lp thnh ging ca thang my, thanh st
ng lp bung thang.
+ Cm bin v tr kiu quang in
(hnh 7)
Hnh 1.7 Cm bin v tr kiu
quang in
B cm bin v tr dng hai phn
t quang in, cu to ca n c gii
thiu trn hnh 1.7a. Cu to ca n gm
khung gi ch U (thng lm bng vt
liu khng kim loi). Trn khung cch
in g lp hai phn t quang in 2 i
din nhu : mt phn t pht quang (it pht quang F) v mt phn t thu quang
( transito quang). nng cao tin cy ca b cm bin khng b nh hng sng
ca mi trng thng dng phn t pht quang v thu quang hang ngoi. Thanh gt 3
di chuyn gia khe h ca khung g cc phn t quang din.
S nguyn l ca b cm bin kiu quang in gii thiu trn hnh 1.7b.
Nguyn l lm vic ca b cm bin kiu quang in nh sau: khi bung thang
cha n ng tng, nh sng cha b che khut, transito quang TT thng, transito T1
kho v transito T2 thng, rle trung gian RTr tc ng, cn khi bung thang n
ng tng, nh sng b che khut, TT kho, T1 thng, T2 kho, rle trung gian RTr
khng tc ng.
IV.

H thng mch in ca thang my

1. Mch ng lc:
l h thng iu khin c cu dn ng thang my ng m,o chiu c cu dn
ng v phanh ca b ti ko. H thng phi m bo vic iu chnh tc chuyn
ng ca cabin sao cho qu trnh m my v phanh c m du v dng cabin chnh
xc.

2. Mch iu khin:
L h thng iu khin tng c tc dng thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin phc
tp, ph hp vi chc nng yu cu ca thang my,H thng iu khin tng c
Svth: Don Hong Mai

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nhim v:lu tr cc lnh di chuyn t cabin, cc lnh gi tng ca hnh khch v thc
hin cc lnh di chuyn hoc dng theo mt th t u tin no ,sau khi thc hin
xong lnh iu khin th xo b ,xc nh v ghi nhn thng xuyn v tr cabin v hng chuyn ng ca n.Tt c cc h thng iu khin t ng u dng nt n.

3. Mch tn hiu:
l h thng cc n tn hiu vi cc k hiu thng nht ho bo hiu
trng thi ca thang my, v tr v hng chuyn ng ca cabin.

4. Mch chiu sng:

l h thng n chiu sng cho cabin,bung my v h thang

5. Mch an ton:
l h thng cc cng tc, r le ,tip im nhm m bo an ton cho ngi , hng
ho v thang my khi hot ng, c th l:bo v qu ti cho ng c, thit b hn ch
ti trng nng,cc cng tc hnh trnh,cc tip im ti ca cabin, ca tng, ti h treo
cabin v ti b hn ch tc , cc r leMch an ton ngt t ng ngt in n
mch ng lc dng thang hoc thang khng hot ng c trong cc trng hp
sau:
- mt in,mt pha, o pha, mt ng tip t
- qu ti
- cabin vt qu gii hn t cng tc hn ch hnh trnh.
- t cp hoc tc h cabin vt qa gi tr cho php(b hn ch tc v b
hm bo him lm vic)
-mt trong cc cp nng chng qu gii hn cho php.
- ca cabin hoc mt trong cc ca tng cha ng hn.

Chng II: kho st c tnh ca thang my v cc yu

cu iu khin
b. Kho st c im ca thang
Ph ti thang my thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng, n ph thuc vo lng
hnh khch i li trong mt ngy m v hng vn chuyn hnh khch. V d nh
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thang my lp t trong nh hnh chnh, bui sng u gi lm vic, hnh khch i

nhiu nht theo chiu nng, cn bui chiu cui gi lm vic s l lng hnh khch
nhiu nht i theo chiu xung. Bi vy , khi thit k thang my phi tnh cho ph ti
xung cc i.
thun tin cho vic chn thang ngi ta phn cc loi nh theo mc ch s dng
thnh cc nhm c bn sau:
-

Nh hnh chnh:

Nh :

Khch sn:

Bnh vin
Trong mi nhm li c th c chia nh c th chn thang my c tnh nng

k thut ph hp hn.
V d nhm nh hnh chnh c th phn thnh nh hnh chnh thun ty(c quan
b,c quan hnh chnh s nghip) v nhm nh hnh chnh c kt hp vi sn
xut,nghin cu khoa hc
D cc to nh cng nh chng loi thang rt l a dng ,song mc ch vic chn
thang nh trn nu phi tho mn c cc yu cu vn chuyn s hnh khch
trong thi gian nht nh m khng phi ch lu cng nh phi trong cabin qu
lu.Thc t lng hnh khch thay i cn vn chuyn li thay i khng theo quy
lut nht nh,m thay i theo nhng gi khc nhau trong ngy tu theo tnh cht
,c im , mc ch s dng ca to nh.im chung ca s thay i ny c nhng
gi cn vn chuyn nhiu hnh khch c gi l gi cao im.

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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Gi lm vic 9h

th t l hnh khc ti
gi cao im
nng sut vn chuyn
trong 5 pht
nng sut trong 45 pht
nng sut trong 1h

1
2
3

Tt nhin gi cao im vi tng loi to nh cng khc nhau.v d nh hnh v trn

xc nh hnh khch ti gi cao im trong to nh thng mi c gi lm vic bt u
t 9h sng.
Vic phn tch dng hnh khch ti gi cao im s thy l mt bc khng th b
qua khi la chn thang my song kh nng vn chuyn hnh khch nh nu trn cha
phn nh y cht lng phc v ca thang c th hin bng thi gian hnh khch
phi ch i bn chnh ti gi cao im,nn khi chn thang c hai ch tiu v kh
nng vn chuyn (hay cn gi l nng sut vn chuyn) v cht lng phc v phi c
phn tch y tm gii php hp l.
Lu lng hnh khch i thang my trong thi im cao nht c tnh trong thi
gian 5 pht, c tnh theo biu thc sau:
Q5 =

A( N a)i
trong :
N *100

A-tng s ngi lm vic trong ngi nh

N - s tng ca ngi nh
a - s tng m ngi lm vic khng s dng thang my (thng ly a = 2)
i
- ch s cng vn chuyn hnh khch , c trng cho s lng khch (biu
100

din di dng %) khi i ln hoc xung trong thi gian 5 .

Svth: Don Hong Mai

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