Safety Requirements & Behavior

Based Safety for Power Plants

The Hazards Pyramid

Worker slips on the oil, fall and hits

head on pump and dies
Worker slips on the oil, fall &
breaks hip
Worker slips on the
Oil, turns/twists his ankle
Worker slips on the
Oil, regains balance

Small oil leak at a

pump operator
does not clean up

1
Fatal

30 Lost
Time injuries

300 Medical
Treatment Injuries

3000
Near - Misses or First Aid
30000 Hazards
Unsafe acts and Employee created
Unsafe conditions

To fix the
Top

Work at the
bottom

The Cardinal rules we have to bear in

mind always

Do not override or interfere with any safety provision nor allow

anyone else to override or interfere with them

Personal Protective equipment (PPE) rules , applicable to a

given task, must be adhered to at all times.

Isolation & lock out procedure must always be followed

No persons may work if under the influence of alcohol or drugs
All injuries & incidents must be reported / recorded

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1. Training
Adequate theoretical & practical to understand operations

involved & precautions/safety aspects relevant to the job.

To become proficient in the job.

To carry out operations safely.

2. USE OF CORRECT TOOLS AND

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
Essential to use the correct tools.
Ensure appropriate protective gear & protective guards

to be placed in machinery.
To check its proper function.
Keep always in readiness.

3. WORK PROCEDURE
Requirement is to develop in writing a detail procedure for

ensuring safe & efficient job.

To implement scrupulously by individual without any
deviation.
Precautions that need to be observed.
Specialized tools to be used.
Protective equipment to be used.
Parameters to be observed.
Variations permitted.
Results expected.
Latest revised procedure to be available for use.

4. JOB SUPERVISION
All important jobs should be assigned to experienced &

competent persons.
Who have clear understanding of work involved, prerequisite
to be complied, precautions to be taken, necessary isolations
of equipment involved.
Steps to prevent unintended or premature start up of
equipment.
Ensure employment of adequate trained man power.
Make available requisite & appropriate tools & spares.
Have proper approved procedure to use
Adherence to procedure in proper sequence
Provide updated status to his reliever.

5. QUALITY ASSURANCE
Ensure safety & reliability in all activities.
Establish procedural controls.
Ensure that relevant knowledge exists in right

hands.

6. FORMAL REPORTING AND REVIEW OF

INCIDENTS

To ensure the availability of complete information

necessary for deriving the maximum benefit for future
use.

OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING

1.
Sequence of events prior to & post incidents.

2.

Mal-operation, if any, faithfully reported.

3.

Operation & maintenance staff should be encouraged

without fear of punishment to report facts.

4.

Consequence of incident i.e. damaged equipment or

injury to personnel.

5.

Action taken after the incident to restore normalcy.

7. SAFETY EDUCATION
To bring an awareness on the hazards & risks

involved.
It should be on-going continuous education,
mutual
discussion,
safety
lectures,
demonstration on safety equipment.

Behavior Based Safety &

Safety Observations

Injuries and Incidents Do Not Have to

Happen . . .
A new on-the-job
injury or illness
case every

SEVEN
seconds

Only Zero Tolerance is Acceptable

Each day 16 people will not die

in a work-related accident.
Each year over 4 million people
will not be hurt or made ill in
private industry.
Families and communities will
prosper.
No physical pain, no deep
emotional anguish for the workers

family, no negative talk about your

organization in the community.

Do you have the fundamentals in place

that will form a solid foundation for

any safety program?

Safety Values & Principles

Core values are the
cornerstone of who you are
and what you stand for.

Principles are the ways

you live your values day
by day.

Safety and Health

Environmental stewardship

Highest ethical behavior

Respect for people

Line managers are

accountable for the safety
performance of their
employees.

Working safely is a condition

of employment.

Employees must receive

appropriate training.

An Integrated Safety Management System

Leadership

Safety
Management
System

Structure

Process &
Action

Visible, demonstrated commitment

Clear, meaningful policies and
principles
Challenging goals and plans
High standards of performance

Line management accountability

Supportive safety staff
Integrated committee structure
Performance measurement and
progressive motivation

Thorough investigations and follow-up

Effective audits and re-evaluation
Effective communication processes
Safety management skills

Safety Excellence Requires A Culture Shift

Involvement / Ownership by All Employees

Reactive
Safety by Natural
Instinct
Compliance is the
Goal
Delegated to Safety
Manager
Lack of Management
Involvement

Dependent

Management Commitment
Condition of Employment
Fear/Discipline
Rules/Procedures
Supervisor Control,
Emphasis, and Goals
Value All People
Training

Independent
Personal Knowledge,
Commitment, &
Standards
Internalization
Personal Value
Care for Self
Practice, Habits
Individual Recognition

Interdependent

Help Others Conform

Others Keeper
Networking Contributor
Care for Others
Organizational Pride

Behavior Based Audits

Cause of Injuries
Where do our injuries come from?

Unsafe Conditions

4%

Unsafe Acts

96%

Injuries: A Matter of Probabilities

FATAL
MAJORS

RECORDABLE INJURIES

NEAR-MISSES OR FIRST AID

HAZARDS
Unsafe Acts
Employee Created Unsafe Conditions

Auditing for Safety

Focuses attention on safety.

Shows how well safety is understood and applied.

Shows where systems are working well.

Helps identify weaknesses in systems.

Helps clarify your safety standards.

Raises awareness of safety issues.

Identifies where people take risks.

Prevents injuries.

But - does NOT try to catch people doing something wrong!

Skills Required
...for conducting effective Safety Audits
Noticing:

Talking about:

Unsafe acts

Safe practices

Safe work practices

Unsafe acts

Unsafe conditions

Unsafe situations

Unsafe situations

Other safety issues

Gaining Commitment

Observation Categories
help sharpen & sort observations
Reactions of people
Positions of people

Personal protective equipment

Tools and equipment
Procedures

Orderliness standards

Why are people reluctant to

approach another person
around safe and unsafe
behavior?

Contacting Someone Working Safely

Start with a positive comment.
Engage the employee in conversation.
End with thanks.

When Someone Is Working Unsafely

... a framework for the Audit Discussion
1. Observe; then contact.
2. Comment on safe behavior.
3. Discuss
Consequences of unsafe act.
Safer ways to do the job.
If you comment...
Express your concern.
Focus on effects, not acts.
If you question...
Question to explore.
Question to learn, not to
teach.

When Someone Is Working Unsafely

... a framework for the Audit Discussion
1. Observe; then contact.

2. Comment on safe behavior.

3. Discuss

Consequences of unsafe act.

Safer ways to do the job.

4. Get agreement to work safely.

5. Discuss other safety issues.

6. Thank the employee.

The Benefits of Safety Excellence

Improves business performance while protecting the lives of

employees and contract workers

Enhances existing business practices, including environmental

and health processes

Increases productivity while decreasing operating costs

Helps protect brand and public image

Leverages current strengths of your organization

The Role of Senior Leadership

Leadership is infinitely more important
than policy, for the leader through his or
her actions and decisions sends clear
messages to the organization which
policies are important and which are not.
Dr. Dan Petersen

Safety Excellence
You will achieve the level of safety
excellence that
YOU
DEMONSTRATE
YOU
WANT

Making Contact
Ask if this is a safe and convenient time

Open on a personal note

Explain what you are doing
Recognize positives
Ask what the major hazards are
Are hazard controls in place / working well
Communicate observed opportunities
Coach substandard actions if necessary
Close on a positive note

Practice
Practice
Practice

Summary
You get what you DEMONSTRATE you want

Time and Emphasis varies by leadership level

Status,Rituals,Emblems of Success and Taboos create the

culture
Safety progresses in stages
You have many opportunities to lead
Just do it!

Thank You