KANS2024

Petra Berg r92044

Ibrahim Yigit Kolbasi t94792
Elena Ksenofontova t94793

Introduction

The global energy sector is responsible for about two-thirds of total greenhouse gas
emissions and this amount is increasing faster than for any other sector.

Combating climate change is a vital issue for each country on our planet, as we only
have one atmosphere.

Embracing renewable energy and adapting ambitious energy saving measures is the
best way to achieve emission reductions.

There is a time, when panic is an appropriate response.(Eugene Kleiner, 2007).And we

reached that time.

KWh = Kilowatt-hour = 1000 Wh

MWh = Megawatt-hour = 1000 KWh

GWh= Gigawatt-hour = Million KWh

TWh = Terawatt-hour = Billion KWh

FINLANDS ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE 2009

Total: 1 330 PJ (31.8 Mtoe)

WOOD FUELS
& PEAT

Final:1 086 PJ (25.9 Mtoe)

OIL
25%

25%
RUS 87% NOR 10%
KCH, DEN, LATV ~3%

~1,5%

10%
RUS 100%

NET IMPORT
ELECTRICITY

3%

12%
RUS, POL, AUS, PRC,
South America ~ 100%

~1,5%

19%
CAN, AUS ~100% Import

3%

FINAL CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR:

Industry 47% Space Heating 23%
Transportation 17% Other 13%

FINLAND
Electricity Production in 2009

Gross 72 062 GWh Total 69.208

GWh

Electricity Production 2009

Finland

Electricity Consumption 2009

Gross 81.293 GWh 15.1
MWh/capita

Hydro
0

85% covered by domestic

production and the remaining 15%
by imported electricity. Total
Supply 84.668 GWh

Import (GWh): Sweden 1 855,

Norway 112, Russia 11 708 and
Estonia 1 785. Total 15 460 GWh

Export (GWh): Sweden 3 162,

Norway 126 and Estonia 87. Total
3 375 GWh

Wind
16 %

19 %

0.3%

Nuclear
Net import of
Electricity

11 %
26 %
11 %

Consensing power
CHP Industry

15 %

CHP district heat

FINLAND
In 2009, Finland's crude oil imports were 11.5 million tons, the total
value of Finnish crude oil and oil products imports was euro 5.4
billion and exports euro 2.7 billion.

Total Finnish consumption of natural gas was 4.1 billion cubic

metres.

Total installed wind power capacity in Finland is 197 MW, 130 wind
turbines.

Finland has about 120 electricity companies and 400 power plants
with a total installed capacity of 16. 703 GWh

207 are hydropower plants, total installed capacity 316 MW)

The electricity production is spread out and quite diverse which
helps secure availability.

FINLAND
Greenhouse gas emissions in Finland amounted to 66.4 Mt
of CO2 equivalents in 2009. Compared with 2008 emissions
decreased by six per cent.

Finnish energy policy rests on three fundamentals: energy,

economy and the environment. Securing energy supply,
competitive energy prices and meeting the EUs common
Energy and Climate goals are core elements. Another key
principle is the integration of other forms of sustainable
development, and environmental goals, with the energy
economy

Long term climate and Energy Strategy in 2008. The

strategy follows the EU emission goals about energy
efficiency and growth of renewable energy.

RUSSIA
Currently, the share of
thermal generation is about
70% of the total electricity
production in the country.
The total installed capacity of
cogeneration units is 154.7
GW. The main types of fuel
for thermal power plants are
gas and coal.

Electricity consumption
6,97MWh/capita

RUSSIA
Influence on economy:
All of the extractive industries in Russia together
constitute 33% of Russias GDP and account for 60% of
Russia's federal budget revenues. These natural
resources have been and will continue to be a major
driving force of the Russian economy.

RUSSIA
World's first nuclear power plant was built it was in
Russia in 1954 (Obninsk, Kaluga region).

10 plants, 31 nuclear reactor total.( 4th place after USA,

France and Japan).

Nuclear power plants produce 12% of electricity. United

States (20%), Germany (over 30%), France (more than
65%).

163.3 billion kWh/year

RUSSIA
Renewable sources:

- 1st solar power plant started operating in 2010

- 5 geothermal power plants 450 million kWh/year
- 102 hydro power plants 165 billion kWh/year
- Installed capacity of wind power in the country is about
16.5 MW, the total output does not exceed 25 million
kWh / year

RUSSIA
Reducing greenhouse emissions by 25-40% by 2020
and 50-80% by 2050(Kyoto protocol)

Implementing renewable energy, energy saving and

energy efficient technologies

Government support of use renewable energy sources

To facilitate the introduction of the tax system which will
support green energy market development

TURKEY
Sources for Energy Supply

98% of petroleum and 91% of Natural Gas are being

imported.

Both public and private companies work on energy production.

Coal

9.3%

Electricity:
31 %

Natural Gas

Turkey produced 194 TWh total electricity in 2009.

Petroleum

The consumption is 1,85 MWh/capita.

Hydro and other

Renewable
Sources

Turkey has a total installed capacity of 44,76 GW

electicity in 2009.

65,54% of the capacity is coming from Thermal Plants.

There are 19 of them

Natural Gas (45,9%), coal (18,4%), imported Coal

(6,9%), liquid fuels (2,5%) are sources used in Thermal
Reactors.

Hydro-Power Reactors has the second place in the

capacity. (32,51%)

106 Hydro-Power Plants and new ones are planned to

be constructed.

Wind power (1,35%) , geothermal and biogas (0.47%)

are supplementary materials.

28.8%

30.9%

2009 Turkish Installed Capacity (MW)

868.8

THERMAL
14553.3

HYDRO
29339.1

GEOTHERM.WIN
D

TURKEY
Consumption of Energy by
Sector 2009

Renewable Energy sector for

electricity production as wind
and geothermal energy as well
as biogas are developing in a
high speed. There are enough
resources but use of them are
not wide enough yet.
Consumption of coal
percentage is planned to be
decreased.

By 2020, a new nuclear reactor

is planned to be opened by
Russian partnership. 5% of
total electric production will be
sourced from nuclear
technology.

45 %
40 %
35 %
30 %
25 %
20 %
15 %
10 %
5%
0%

Percentages

Turkeys CO2 emission level

is 253 millions of tons in
2009.

TURKEY

Import and Export of Electricity as a trading issue.

Export to Syria with 750 MW and to Iraq with 230 MW.

Import from Turkmenistan on two lines, 70 MW and 100 MW respectively.

Both export and import to countries such as Azerbaijan (100 MW), Georgia (150 MW),
Bulgaria (two lines, 700 MW and 550 MW respectively) and Greece (100-180 MW).

Increasing demand on energy as the country. Above the 7% GDP growth rate annualy.

Future policy is on the renewable sources. The aim is to increase the share to 30% by
2023. 10.000 MW for wind, 300 Mwe for geothermal and additional small hydro plants
with 5.000 MW capacity.

1 dollar investment on more efficient electrical equipment brings 3.5 dollars of supply
investment saving.

45 GW is todays capacity but 56 GW more will be needed by 2020. This means 125
billion dollars investment.

Conclusions
We have to make it economic , so that all people and
all nations will have a profitable outcome .

Switching towards renewable sources is a good way

to achieve sustainable economy.

Climate change performance index 2011

http://www.germanwatch.org/klima/ccpi11.pdf

THANK YOU!!