LDT 16mp Manual

Lechintech
MODEL 16mp LABORATORY DEMAND TITRATOR

OPERATING AND INSTRUCTION MANUAL
INDEX
Page Number
1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 2
2. WHAT IS CHARGE ANALYSIS? .......................................................................................... 3
2.1 APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD.................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 INDUCED ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ................................................................................................ 3
3. THE LECHINTECH ION CHARGE ANALYSER. ............................................................. 4

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ION CHARGE ANALYSER....................................................... 5
4.1 THE BODY .............................................................................................................................................. 5
4.2 THE DRIVE MECHANISM .................................................................................................................... 5
4.3 THE ELECTRONICS PACK ................................................................................................................... 6
5. SPECIFICATIONS AND SAFETY NOTES.......................................................................... 7

6. LECHINTECH SAFETY SCHEDULE.................................................................................. 8
ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING LIMITS .......................................................................................... 9
7. CALIBRATION AND TEST PROCEDURES..................................................................... 10

7.1 CHEMICAL CALIBRATION................................................................................................................ 10
7.2 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE............................................................................................................. 11
7.3 CONFIGURATION MODE.......................................... ............................................ ................... 12
7.4 MOTOR SPEED CONTROL ..............................................................................13
7.5 SETTING UP THE LDT 16.14
7.6 USING THE LDT 1615
8. OPERATIONAL CHECKS. .................................................................................................. 17

9. MAINTENANCE CHECKS. ................................................................................................. 18
10. TROUBLE SHOOTING................................................................................................ 19
11. CELL AND PROBE INSTALLATION........................................................................ .. 20
12. RECOMMENDED SPARES................................................................................... ........ 22
13. MENU FLOW CHARTS.........................................................................23-25
Due to our policy of continuous improvement, we reserve the right to change or modify design without incurring
any obligation to furnish or install such changes or modifications on products previously or subsequently sold.
Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual
1.
INTRODUCTION
The LECHINTECH ION CHARGE ANALYSER is an instrument that has been developed to indicate the
state of the chemistry in water particulate suspensions. The chemistry of these systems can be monitored by
measuring the surface charge of the suspended particles in the fluid medium. The instrument determines the
surface charge of the suspension by the steaming current technique, whereby; a current is developed due to the
potential induced between two electrodes by the forced movement of the charged particles past the electrodes.
The probe has been designed for use as a laboratory instrument, or as a splash proof field instrument
either for the on line measurement and control of a system, or just system monitoring. The ion charge is
displayed on a two line 16 digit liquid crystal display, with a two decimal accuracy.
The charge signal is available as a 4-20 mA output, interfacible with any standard field instrumentation, for
recording and control purposes.
The cost saving benefits of the Ion Charge Analyser are realised through its ability to be used to control the rate
of addition of water treatment chemicals for clarification, filtration, retention, or drainage. This is generally
done after the relevant trial work has been carried out to establish the optimum control criteria, viz. sampling
point, charge control set point and tuning constants of controller.
We keep you in charge!!!
2.
2.
WHAT IS CHARGE ANALYSIS?
The measurement of the electro kinetic charge of a solution due to the presence of charged particles.
The electro kinetic charge can be measured by a number of different methods.
1. Applied electric field
Measure:
e.g.
The relative mobility of the solid or liquid phase

Electrophoresis
This is the first method developed for calculating the ZETA POTENTIAL. The motion of charged
particles under the influence of an electric field was observed and the potential required to achieve
a certain particle mobility was measured.
A cell consisting of two flat plates separated by approximately 0.1mm and having an electrode at each
end of the cell, as shown in Figure 1.The cell is filled with water containing suspended matter. When an
electrical potential is applied to the electrodes, the particles can be observed to drift towards
one of the electrodes. This is confirmed by reversing the polarity of the electrodes, and observing
the reverse drift of the particles.
The speed of drift is measured, and from this, the Zeta Potential can be calculated. It is
effectively, a measure of the charge on the particles observed.
Graduated
Microscope
Eyepiece
0,1 m m GAP
BETW EEN GLASS
SLIDES
ELECTRODE
ELECTRODE
W ATER SAMPLE HELDBETW EEN

2 GLASS MICROSCOPE SLIDES
ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE SOURCE
Figure 1.
Measurement of Zeta potential using an applied electrical

potential.
2. Induced electric potential

Measure: The potential developed as a result of the forced
movement of particles in the solution.
E.g.
Sedimentation potential
Streaming potential (Used by Lechintech)
3.
3.
THE LECHINTECH ION CHARGE ANALYSER
Just as a generator is to a motor, so the streaming current measurement is to the mobility of charged particles in
the presence of an applied potential. The Lechintech Streaming Current Detector works on the principle of
generating a current by forcing a flow of charged particles between two electrodes.
Figure 2. Shows a schematic of the Lechintech
Streaming current detector. A continuous sample
is directed into an annulus inside which a
displacement piston, or probe, oscillates at a fixed
frequency. The oscillating movement of the piston
causes the liquid sample to flow along the wall of
the cell.
Diffuse Layer
Bound Schlern
Layer
Electrodes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Surface Potential
Oscillating Piston
Adsorbed
Particle
Zeta Potential
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
Shear Plane
+
+
Charged
Counter Ions
Sample
Reciprocating
Piston
Probe
Figure 2.
The Lechintech
Streaming
Current Detector.
Figure 3.
Streaming current
development.
Cell
Signal
Electronically
Processed
Suspended particles are adsorbed onto the

walls under the action of Van der Waals
and electrostatic forces see Figure 3. As the
sample is moved rapidly back and forth,
mobile counter ions, surrounding the
charged particles, or colloids, are sheared
near the surface of the particle and moved
past the electrodes.
A potential difference is induced between
the two electrodes at the top and base of the
cell. The resultant potential developed,
proportional to charge, is electronically
processed to give a reading of the streaming
current in ICu , Ion Charge units.
The streaming current detector has been calibrated so as to give a negative reading if the particles in suspension
are negatively charged, and similarly a positive reading for a positively charged system. The greater the
magnitude of the current, the higher the charge of the system being measured, and consequently the greater the
mutual repulsion between the particles in the suspension.
This fact is fundamental to the use of the instrument, as it allows the measurement on line of the Ionic charge of
a water system, and from the value obtained, decisions can be made as to the dosage required to maintain the
best water quality.
4.
4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ION CHARGE ANALYSER
The ION CHARGE ANALYSER has three distinct parts;

a.
b.
c.
The body that houses the cell and probe

The mechanical drive
The electronic pack
4.1.
THE BODY
The body has a removable cap, two rubber seals, a set of O rings, and a cell and probe set. The cell contains
two electrodes between which a potential is developed due to the motion of the probe in the cell interacting with
the water and suspended matter. The frequency of the alternating signal is + 4 Hz, and the AC signal is sent via
the signal cable to the electronics pack. To completely remove the cell from the body, the two pin plug must be
unsoldered from the signal cable and the cable pulled through the length of the body. To replace the cell the
reverse procedure must be followed. When replacing the cell after opening the end cap, care must be taken to
ensure that the locating pin is seated correctly so as not to kink or damage the signal cable. A further
consideration is the correct location of the three o rings before securing the cell in place, and ensuring that
there is no moisture on the cell base and in the body cap. Due to the fine tolerance to which the cell and probe
are machined, it is important to ensure that grit particles do not enter the cell area as this will accelerate wear.
The probe can be removed by loosening the 6 mm nut on the underside of the cam follower, and unscrewing the
probe and connecting rod. To replace the probe the reverse procedure is necessary. Set the depth of the probe
to protrude past the end of the body, using a straight edge, to a distance of approx. 1mm. Replace the cell and
cap. Turn the cam by hand to ensure that the probe does not bottom on the cell electrode - this will cause the
mechanism to jam. If the probe does bottom out, remove the cap and cell and adjust by turning the probe in one
turn. Assemble and check for free operation. The overall length of the probe and adjustment shaft should
measure 196 mm. This length is set at the factory but can be adjusted by loosening the nut and screwing the rod
into, or out of, the plastic probe section. Ensure the locking nut is tightened if an adjustment is made.
Replacement of the cell and probe is necessary when either one or both of these parts show extreme scoring, or
when the span does not exceed 7,50 charge units when it is calibrated in standard positive calibration solution.
4.2.
THE DRIVE MECHANISM
The drive mechanism includes a 12 volt D.C. motor / gearbox combination, a mounting bracket and a cam and
follower assembly. Mounted on a bracket are the motor and cam adjustment screws. On the sensor card (which
is secured on mounting posts attached to the motor bracket), is mounted a photo interrupter which is activated
by the slotted wheel at the end of the cam.
The signal derived from this mechanism is used for;
a.
b.
c.
The flashing LED on the front cover of the instrument to indicate that the I.C.A. is functioning.
The logic part of the instrument that actuates the motor trip relay when the signal is less than 2 Hz.
The sample trigger circuit used in the signal generation.
The motor speed is adjusted automatically by the microprocessor based speed control program. The motor
direction of rotation must be anticlockwise for the equipment to function correctly. To change motor direction
reverse the polarity of the motor leads at the two pin plug on the motor board. The cam is pressed onto the
gearbox drive shaft and located by means of a 4mm-grub screw. The slotted detector plate has been set at the
factory and should not be moved under any circumstances. The probe connecting rod is screwed into the
bottom of the cam follower and tightened into place by a lock nut. A small amount of silicone grease can be
5.
used to lubricate the cam and follower. The later model SCDs are fitted with removable tip probes for ease of
replacement.
4.3.
THE ELECTRONICS PACK
The electronics pack is made up of the motherboard and the display board. This, along with the mechanical
drive section is mounted into an ABS enclosure, which is splash proof, with IP 53 rating. The digital display
and function keys are mounted onto the removable, front cover of the instrument. The side of the box is
provided with two cable glands, for the power and signal connections to the electronic unit. An optional extra
includes an interface panel with alarm and application specific plugs for the power and signal cable connection.
Diagrams and circuit layouts are included in the appendix.
6.
5. SPECIFICATIONS AND SAFETY NOTES

LECHINTECH
LDT 16mp
ION CHARGE ANALYSER
TECHNICAL AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
POWER SUPPLY:
220 VAC 50 Hz AT 12VA (110 VAC AND 60 Hz SYSTEMS ARE AVAILABLE ON REQUEST.)
FUSE - 250 mA
A SOLID EARTH CONNECTION IS ESSENTIAL.
ALARM OUTPUT:
POTENTIAL FREE N/O OR N/C CONTACTS (CONFIGURATION TO BE STATED ON ORDER)
AVAILABLE WITH 1 AMP 250 VAC OR 1 AMP 24 VDC RATING.
1. Instrument failure alarm activates on motor failure
INDICATION/OUTPUTS:
2 LINE 16 DIGIT BACKLIGHT LCD BACKLIT DISPLAY
FLASHING RED LED ON FRONT FACE AS INDICATION OF SAMPLE RATE.
1 OFF 4-20 ma OUTPUT:
1. Scaled process value dependant on span setting of the calibration solution
PROBE:
IMMERSIBLE TO DEPTH OF 120mm IN SAMPLE.
6 TO 10 l/min SAMPLE FLOW RATE REQUIRED AT 30kPa MAX.
WETTED MATERIALS:
HDPE, PTFE, STAINLESS STEEL, NEOPRENE, ABS.

SCD DIMENSIONS:
320mm H x 160mm W x 100mm D.

MASS:
4.5kg
PROTECTION:
RATED AT IP53.
MASS:
APPROXIMATELY 15kg FULLY PACKED.

PARTICLE SIZE:
The maximum particle size for water suspensions of silt, sand, clay is 100 m. Fiber suspensions should be filtered
through a 200 m screen.
EQUIPMENT:
Sturdy aluminium carry case.
Magnetic stirrer and bead.
1 bottle cationic standard.
1 bottle anionic solution
2 x 10 ml beakers.
1 x 10ml pipette.
1 x 2ml pipette1.
2 x 1 litre beakers.
2 x 100ml beakers.
ALL SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE
7.
.LECHINTECH SAFETY SCHEDULE
MODEL LDT 16mp

SAFETY
MANUFACTURER:
LECHINTECH cc REG NO. CK 88/19671/23
P.O. BOX 1441, STANGER, 4450, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
TELEPHONE NO.:
++27 - 32 - 5521795 / 6
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IS AVAILABLE FROM THE ABOVE OFFICE OR
OF THE DISTRIBUTOR.
THE OFFICE
DO NOT UNDERTAKE ANY WORK OR MAINTENANCE ON THIS

EQUIPMENT IF YOU ARE NOT QUALIFIED OR TRAINED TO DO SO.
USE ONLY SPECIFIED COMPONENTS TO CARRY OUT REPAIRS AND
MAINTENANCE
WARNING AND CAUTION SYMBOL EXPLANATION:
L echintech
MODEL SCD 16mp
SUPPLY 220 V ~ + 10%,

50/60Hz , 40mA
CAUTION : RISK OF
ELECTRIC SHOCK.
L echintech
MODEL SCD 16mp
SUPPLY 110 V ~ + 10%,

50/60Hz , 85mA
CAUTION : RISK OF
ELECTRIC SHOCK.
THE CAUTION LABEL REFERS TO THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:

(i)
The mains power point and possibly the alarm connector are supplied from voltage sources external to
the instrument. Consider all terminals live until all sources of supply have been disconnected.
a)
b)
Isolate the incoming power by switching the instrument off and removing the plug from the
socket.
With the SCD open check there is no external supply to the alarm connectors.
(ii)
Before removing the securing screws and front covers from the SCD, ensure the supply has been
isolated. This is necessary to ensure the rotating cam and follower are stationary and cannot start
whilst working in the instrument. The rotating cam should be considered a hazard if operating without
the front cover in place.
(iii)
DO NOT allow the SCD to run in an upside down position. Possible ingress of moisture into the
electronics could cause a risk of electric shock and damage to the electronics.
(iv)
Only remove the front clear cover from the SCD to carry out routine instrument calibration.
(Removing the cover allows for access to output connections to facilitate measurement of the mA
signals for calibration purposes). Replace the cover securely before placing the instrument into
service.
8.
(v)
When carrying out routine maintenance and cleaning of the SCD, adhere to all safety rules and
conditions applicable to the work being carried out. Use components for replacement supplied by
Lechintech only. When cleaning scale from the instrument sensor and body using the mild HCI or
NaOH solutions described in the manual, strict adherence to standard safety precautions is required.
(vi)
Observe the voltage rating displayed on the instrument label.
(vii)
ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING LIMITS:

a)
b)
c)
(viii)
Ambient temperature
Maximum humidity
IP53 rating
0C to 40C.
90%
To ensure that no moisture enters the cell electrode connections, the O rings should be changed
during six monthly maintenance or if they are deformed or damaged.
9.
7.
CALIBRATION AND TEST PROCEDURES
7.1
Chemical Calibration
Calibration should be carried out on a regular basis, depending upon the application, using a standard
commercially available cationic polymer.
The initial laboratory calibration has been carried out before the unit has left our works, and therefore only a
routine calibration check should be necessary. Every Ion Charge Analyser leaving the Lechintech factory is
calibrated to give a reading of + 5.30 ICu when placed in a 100 ppm (100 mg/litre) of a standard cationic
polymer X. A 100 ppm solution represents a saturated solution of the chemical as shown in Figure 9. The
charge curve flattens out as the concentration of polymer is increased and a charge reading of + 5.30 ICu is
recorded.
Any other cationic polymer may be used to calibrate the
SCD, however its characteristic charge/chemical
concentration curve will be different. It is necessary to
standardise the polymer against polymer X (used in the
Lechintech Laboratory) by determining the charge reading
for a 100 ppm solution. This charge value can be
established by comparison and the reading obtained can be
used as the cationic standard for further calibrations, e.g.
100 ppm of polymer P has a standard charge of + 5.00
ICu. Should the situation arise that there is no cationic
standard of known strength available to standardise a
given cationic chemical, an acceptable alternative would
be to make up a 100 ppm solution of the chemical and
calibrate the charge analyser to read + 5.00 ICu. All
readings after this will be relevant to this initial cationic
standard used as the calibration agent.
Charge
+5.30 ICu
Polymer X
+5.00 ICu
Polymer P
Concentration
100 ppm
Figure 9. Characteristic
charge vs chemical
concentration curve for
Polymer X and Polymer P
Cationic Standard: This is a 100 ppm solution of the proposed cationic polymer,
made up by placing 100 mg of chemical in 1 litre of tap water.
NOTE:
The solution should be allowed to stand for one hour after preparing before use, to allow the
chemical to activate, otherwise unstable readings may result, due to a non-homogeneous
mixture.
7.2
Calibration Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rinse the Ion Charge Analyser probe out with fresh water.
Run the SCD in a beaker of fresh water for a short period (two to three minutes).
Place the SCD in a beaker of cationic standard and allow to stand for one minute.
Place the SCD in a fresh cationic standard and allow the SCD reading to stabilise.
Using the menu prompts, initiate the calibration of the SCD from the keypad.
When the calibration is complete, rinse the probe in fresh water prior to placing the SCD back into the
sample pot. Allow the SCD to run in the sample and allow the readings to stabalise before switching the
control loop to automatic.
10.
Calibration
SCD input signal calibration
An auto calibration facility is provided for the ion charge analyzer input signal and may be initialized
locally form the menu system via the key pad and LCD display or remotely by momentarily shorting
terminals J5,1 and J5,2.
It is important to set the calibration reference equal to the calibration solution used (or the output value
of the portable calibrator) prior to calibration. Once calibration has been initialized, the mcu will carry
out the following calibration sequence:
1. Activate auto zero relay, RL1. The LCD display will indicate CalibLCD Zero 80 on the top line.
The value on the right is a countdown timer for the calibration time. This timer is required to allow
for the response of the low pass signal filter. The calibration time is parametizable but is limit to a
minimum of the filter time constant value x 8. The Calib Time and SCD Filter TC parameters are
set in units of 250ms.
2. Once the timer has elapsed the mcu will calculate the required zero offset value of the SCD input
signal and save it in EEPROM as the parameter SCD offset.
3. De-activate the zero relay and start the gain calibration. The LCD will indicate CalibLCD Gain 80
on the top line. The calibration timer will count down again after which the gain required to obtain
a value equal to the calibration reference is calculated and saved in EEPROM as the parameter
SCD Gain.
4. The LCD top line will clear and display ION Charge if the calibration was successful. If the
calibration failed due to excessive gain, the SCD motor will stop and the error message
Calibration Failed will be displayed. If the calibration fails the gain will not be saved in
EEPROM which will allow the SCD unit to be restarted with the old gain value.
The SCD Gain and SCD Offset parameters may be viewed and modified in the configuration mode.
However care should be exercised in modification of these parameters as they directly affect the
calibration of the SCD!
Auto Zero
An auto zero facility is provided to zero the SCD signal. This function is only available locally from
the menu. The SCD will automatically zero the SCD signal on power on or system reset.
Output current calibration
The output signal may be calibrated by viewing and modifying the mA signal DAC input code directly
from the menu system via the LCD and keypad. The parameters Calib 4mA and Calib 20mA are used
for calibration of the output signal. When Calib 4mA is selected from the menu, its value may be
increased or decreased using the INC and DEC buttons while the mA output is measured with a
multimeter. Once the value of 4mA has been obtained, the enter button is pressed to save the
parameter in EEPROM. The Calib20mA parameter is set similarly.
7.3
11.
Configuration mode
Configuration mode is activated by pressing the Mode button while holding in the INC and DEC
buttons. The mcu will display a C in the leftmost position of the bottom line of the LCD display.
Configuration mode allows the following parameters to be viewed and modified:
#
Parameter
Default
value
1
2
3
4
5
6
Calib 4mA
Calib 20mA
ZERO SCD
Calib SCD
Calib Ref
SpdCon O/P
39
3708
Range
Read/
Write
Description
0 to 4095
0 to 4095
-10000 to 10000
-10000 to 10000
-10.00 to 10.00
0 to 4095
R/W
R/W
131
1 to 255
R/W
20
1 to 255
-10000 to 10000
0 to 10000
0 to 32767
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
ICu
0 to 10.00
R/W
250
ms
250
ms
250
ms
0 to 255
R/W
FTC X 8 to
255
1 to 255
R/W
DAC code for 4mA output

DAC code for 20mA output
Auto Zero sequence
Auto calibration sequence
Calibration reference
Output of motor speed
controller
Motor Speed controller
setpoint
Motor Speed controller gain
SCD input signal offset
SCD input signal gain
Maximum allowed SCD
gain
SCD signal corresponding
to 20mA.
Time constant of input low
pass filter
Calibration timer
SpdCon SP
8
9
10
11
SpdCon Gain
SCD Offset
SCD Gain
SCD Max Gain
2017
10000
12
SCD O/P Max
5.00
13
10
14
SCD Filter TC
(FTC)
Calib Time
80
15
Stall Time
R/W
Motor stall monitor time
+5.30
Unit
Icu
R/W
R
In normal mode only the first 5 parameters are visible. Normal mode is entered by pushing the Mode
button only.
12.
Motor speed control

The micro controller controls the measuring cell motor speed by adjusting the motor voltage via a 12
bit DAC and a LM317 voltage regulator. The motor speed is derived from the chopper plate pulses.
The motor speed control setpoint is adjustable via the keypad and LCD display. The number displayed
is an arbitrary number between 0 and 255. The factory default is 131, which equates to a motor speed
of 240rpm.
To optimise motor load regulation a potentiometer P2 is provided between the DAC output and the
adjust pin of the LM317. P2 is adjusted such that the DAC output is near its lower limit under no load
conditions. A utility is provided on the LCD display to view the 12bit DAC code, which is the speed
controller output. The electrical output range of the DAC is between 0.6 and 4.4V which equates to a
DAC code range of 0 to 4095. Typical values for P2 adjustment is 400.
The mcu monitors the motor speed and provides a stall projection function. There are two stall modes:
Sudden total stall i.e. motor or cell jammed, and
Motor under speed
A stall time parameter determines the time in 500ms units to trip the motor control circuit (mcc).
Motor under speed is determined by accumulating the speed error and tripping the mcc once this has
exceeded a value equal to the stall time parameter x 255.
The factory default for the stall time parameter is 4.
13.
Setting up the Laboratory Charge analyser.

The Model 16 Laboratory demand titrator consists of an ion charge analyser mounted in a portable,
protective aluminium case, housing a magnetic stirrer, beakers, syringes, pipettes and cationic
standard.
To set up the equipment :
1. Open the box and remove the lid.
2. For greater stability when operating out in the field without laboratory facilities, the lid can be used
as a support base for the equipment. The box can be fastened to the lid using the clips located at the
base of the box.
3. Pull the foam packing away from around the body, exposing the stirrer and the ion charge analyser.
4. The unit is now free for operation. The SCD is mounted by detachable hinges on top of the unit.
The SCD can be removed from the aluminium box and utilised in other applications e.g. on-line
should the requirement arise.
5. Both the SCD and stirrer are supplied with a 220 VAC rating (110 VAC on request). Turn on the
power to both units ensuring the SCD runs in a sample or clear water. The speed of the mixer is
adjusted by the knob on the front (clockwise = increase in rotational speed).
6. For packing away after use, dry out the probe and cell with absorbent towel, clean and dry the
beakers, etc. Pack beakers, syringes and other equipment in foam and replace.
14.
Using The Laboratory Unit.

This section gives some helpful guidelines for carrying out titrations using the Lechintech Laboratory
charge analyser.
The Lechintech charge analyser will be damaged if it is placed in samples where the particulate size is
too large. The maximum particle size for water suspensions of silt, sand, clay is 100 m. Fiber
suspensions should be filtered through a 200 m screen.
Extensive research has shown that the charge of the fines in a fiber system is representative of the
entire system. Fiber fines originate from the cell walls of the fiber, and as such the potential
determining surface of the fiber fines is similar to the surface of the fiber. (Strazdins. E. Tappi Press
1994)
Determining Cationic Demand for a pulp sample:
(Note: The anionic demand would be determined in exactly the same manner, only using an anionic
titrant.)
If the consistency is greater than 1% then the sample should be filtered through a 200 m mesh. An
old stocking can be used to provide a suitable filtrate.
A titration is then carried out on the filtrate or white water sample to determine the amount of a given
cationic chemical that is required to neutralise the charge of the sample to zero, using the following
method:
Place 500 ml of sample in a beaker.
Hinge the SCD unit forward and place the probe inside the beaker of sample allowing the beaker to
stand on top of the mixer.
Put the magnetic bead inside the sample and run the mixer to provide agitation throughout the
titration.
A fixed volume of a known concentration of chemical titrant is added to the 500 ml sample. Each
time this volume of titrant is added the concentration (ppm) of the chemical in the sample increases
by a fixed amount.
Prepare a titrant using the cationic chemical to be used as the standard. The concentration of the
titrant depends on the required increase in cationic demand for each pulse (aliquot) of titrant
added.
It is suggested that for each pulse, 2 ml of titrant is added to the 500ml sample using the graduated
pipette (A rough titration can be done using the syringe to add the titrant).
For a concentration increase of 1 ppm per pulse (every 2ml addition) then the concentration of the
titrant should be 250 ppm.
15.
A 250 ppm titrant solution can be made up by placing 25ml of chemical in a beaker and making the
volume up to 1 litre with water. Then, 10ml of this solution in a second beaker and made up to a
litre with water, giving a 250ppm solution.
For a concentration increase of 10 ppm per pulse (2ml addition) then the concentration of the titrant
should be 2500 ppm.
A 2500 ppm titrant solution can be made up by placing 25ml of chemical in a beaker and making
the volume up to 1 litre with water. Then, 100ml of this solution in a second beaker and made up to
a litre with water, giving a 2500ppm solution.
The titration is carried out until the required charge end point (usually a zero charge).
The demand curve can then be plotted and compared to the initial charge (zero titration).
Contamination of titrant chemicals and samples must be avoided.
The probe should be rinsed with water before titrating the next sample.
It is a good idea to conditioning the probe by running it in some sample prior to carrying out the
actual titration.
Note: The increase in concentration of chemical in the sample after each pulse, is dependant on the
volume of sample, the volume of each pulse added
and the concentration of the titrant
Example:
1.
For a 500ml sample a 20 ppm increase in cationic concentration could be affected by adding a
1 ml pulse of a 10 000 ppm titrant solution.
2.
For a 500 ml sample a 1 ppm increase in concentration could be affected by adding a 1ml
pulse of a 500 ppm titrant solution.
16.
8.
OPERATIONAL CHECKS
8.1
Daily checks include:
i.
Purging and cleaning the settling pot and sample pot (if fitted). Select the control system to manual.
Remove the SCD from the sample pot and rinse the pot by opening the drain valve and cleaning with a
bottlebrush. Drain the settling pot. Isolate the sample pot inlet and flush the sample line with clean
water by attaching a hose to the siphon valve inlet if fitted. Return the system to normal operation and
check and adjust the sample pot flow rate to between 6 and 10 l/min. Replace the SCD in the sample
pot, switch on the instrument, and allow the reading to settle. Return the control loop to automatic.
ii.
Check the sampling indicator flashes @ 4Hz (4 flashes / second). Factory adjustment will be required
if this is not the case.
8.2
Weekly checks include:
i.
ii.
Checking for zero drift and chemical calibration if necessary as discussed under section 7.2 of this
manual.
Visual checks of the drive mechanism and cell and probe.
8.3
Monthly Checks include:
i.
ii.
iii.
Isolate the instrument and remove it to a stable work surface.

Remove the instrument front cover and open the face.
Check the drive chain and cam and follower for wear.
iii.1
Unplug the 3 way ribbon cable from the sensor board mounted on the motor assembly
bracket. Loosen the 3mm cap screw and remove the sensor board.
iii.2
Check for play on the gearbox output shaft by gently moving the cam up and down.
Maximum play should be movement of about 1mm at the end of the cam. Replace the
motor / gearbox combination should the wear be excessive.
iii.3
Rotate the cam by turning on the slotted wheel. The rotation should be smooth with no
tight spots. The following reasons could be the cause of tight spots in the rotation:
iii.3.1 Motor or gearbox component wear or failure - Replace the motor / gearbox unit.
iii.3.2 uneven wear of the cam or follower Replace the cam and follower set
iii.4
Reinstate the drive mechanism to normal state. Ensure that the Cam adjustment screws
are not binding on the follower. The adjustment of the runners screws is made by
loosening the lock nut and adjusting the length of the screw.
17.
9.
MAINTENANCE CHECKS
a.
Six monthly SCD maintenance includes a complete mechanical check and electronic and chemical
calibration. All worn parts to be replaced as necessary.
NOTE B
1.
To restore the sample flow, open the isolation valve on the sample line.
2.
Should the flow be inadequate back flush the sample line with fresh water.
3.
The flow rate should be between 6 - 10 l/min allowing for the bottom drain valve to purge the sample
pot and allow for adequate sample flow to the sensor.
4.
Before restoring the SCD supply check the unit power supply is isolated.
5.
Connect all cables to the SCD in accordance with the wiring diagram.
6.
Reinstate the unit power supply.
7.
Allow readings to settle before placing the loop in auto.
18.
10.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
I.C.A.
PROBLEM
CAUSE
SOLUTION
not Cell blocked

Motor trip
Motor burnt out
Motor speed below 4 Hz
Cam jammed
Failed sensor card
Clean out cell

Select menu reset
Call instruments department
Factory inspection required
L.C.D. not working
Power off
Unit trip
Damaged (water?)
Switch power on
Power down, power up
Motor will not reset
Electronic card failure

Motor burnt out
Gear box locked
Relay stuck
Factory inspection required

ICA diminished sensitivity
Worn cell & probe

Motor speed low
Replace cell & probe

PROBLEM
CAUSE
SOLUTION
I.C.A. diminished sensitivity
Sample line / pots / filter,

restricted
Back wash and clean system lines
Low flow through pots
Sample line / filter blocked
Back wash and clean system lines
High wear on cell and probe
Poor purge on sample pot
Clear drain lines and set correct

drain flow
"" "z"
changing
""
Symbols
SAMPLE LINES AND POTS
19.
11.
MODEL SCD 3000
CELL & PROBE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

REQUIREMENTS
CONTENTS:
1. Instrument screwdriver.
1.
Cell and Probe Set
2.
PVC Probe Installation Tool
3.
Set of three O rings
4.
Set of two gaskets
5.
Instruction Sheet
PROCEDURE
1.
Isolate the instrument and remove the front cover.
2.
Disconnect the power and signal cables from the plugs and removes the cables from the instrument.
(DIAG 01)
3.
Remove the instrument from the sample pot and conduct the rest of the procedure on a stable work
surface.
4.
Disconnect the signal cable from the motherboard.
5.
Remove the body cap from SCD and pull out cell, completely removing the signal cable from the
body.
6.
Fit the P.V.C Probe Tool over the probe and turn anti-clockwise to remove tip.
7.
Place new probe tip in P.V.C Tool and install turning in a clockwise direction (care should be taken
not to over tighten the probe tip). Finger tighten only!
8.
Replace both gaskets and the three O rings
9.
Push the cell cable through the 4mm hole in the body and install the new cell (ensuring that the dowel
pin locates correctly and that the cable is not kinked or pinched).
10.
Reconnect the cell cable ensuring correct polarity.
11.
Replace the body cap, by hand tightening only.
12. Reconnect the power and signal cables to the plugs on the motherboard.
13. Calibration of the SCD as per the standard operating procedure will be required
once the SCD has been running in a tap water sample for about thirty minutes.
20.
1 = instrument casing
2 = cam assembly
3 = connecting rod securing nut
4 = connecting rod
5 = body
6 = body cap
7 = cam follower
8 = probe
9 = cell
10 = inner cell seal
11 = body seal
12 = o-rings
13 = follower adjusting screw
13
Supply Alarm O/P

-+
LN E
Diagram 1

6
JO1
Diagram 2
12
10
12
Diagram 3
body
body cap
cell
probe
Diagram 4
See note on setting

Probe length
Important !
Approx 1.0mm but make sure that the probe does

not hit the bottom of the cell. Tightening the cap
under these conditions will damage the drive.
1 Insert probe (8) into cam follower (7) so probe does not hit cell
bottom when tightening cap (6).
2 Using long-nose pliers adjust connecting rod depth downwards
so that probes just touches bottom of cell, at this stage turn the
connectiong rod back, upwards, one turn. (one turn is the max
amount of rotation one can get with the long-nose pliers in that
given amount of space between the box and motor bracket.)
3 Now turn the connecting rod back 4 turns and tighten the nut.
4 The probe position is now set. Check again that it runs freely
without hitting the bottom of the cell.
STEPS
Setting the Probe lenght
21.
12.
Recommended Spares
PART NO.
QUANTITY
DESCRIPTION
91020*
Drive Motor
91031
Eccentric Cam
88040*
Plunger Assembly
88051*
Cell
3000/01
Main PC Board
3000/2
Digital Display PC Board
3000/3*
Sensor PC Board
89011*
1 pr
Rubber seals for sensor (pair)
3-98051-5
Set cables/switches
SCD/3o*
SET
Cell O Rings
* Strongly recommended
OUR WEB SITE CONTAINS A VARIETY OF LINKED WEB PAGES, INFORMATION ON STREAMING
CURRENT AND Y2K ISSUES. PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ACCESS OUR WEB PAGE FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION AND EMAIL ADVISE ON SCD APPLICATIONS. YOU WILL FIND US AT:
http://users.iafrica.com/l/le/lechtech/index.htm
22.

LDT 16mp Manual

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Lechintech

MODEL 16mp LABORATORY DEMAND TITRATOR

3. THE LECHINTECH ION CHARGE ANALYSER. ............................................................. 4

5. SPECIFICATIONS AND SAFETY NOTES.......................................................................... 7

7. CALIBRATION AND TEST PROCEDURES..................................................................... 10

8. OPERATIONAL CHECKS. .................................................................................................. 17

Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

WHAT IS CHARGE ANALYSIS?

The relative mobility of the solid or liquid phase

W ATER SAMPLE HELDBETW EEN

ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE SOURCE

Measurement of Zeta potential using an applied electrical

2. Induced electric potential

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

THE LECHINTECH ION CHARGE ANALYSER

Suspended particles are adsorbed onto the

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

DESCRIPTION OF THE ION CHARGE ANALYSER

The ION CHARGE ANALYSER has three distinct parts;

The body that houses the cell and probe

THE DRIVE MECHANISM

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

THE ELECTRONICS PACK

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

5. SPECIFICATIONS AND SAFETY NOTES

HDPE, PTFE, STAINLESS STEEL, NEOPRENE, ABS.

320mm H x 160mm W x 100mm D.

APPROXIMATELY 15kg FULLY PACKED.

ALL SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

.LECHINTECH SAFETY SCHEDULE

MODEL LDT 16mp

DO NOT UNDERTAKE ANY WORK OR MAINTENANCE ON THIS

SUPPLY 220 V ~ + 10%,

SUPPLY 110 V ~ + 10%,

THE CAUTION LABEL REFERS TO THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

Observe the voltage rating displayed on the instrument label.

ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING LIMITS:

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

CALIBRATION AND TEST PROCEDURES

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

DAC code for 4mA output

SCD O/P Max

Motor stall monitor time

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

Motor speed control

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Lechintech LDT 16mp - Operating and Instruction Manual

Setting up the Laboratory Charge analyser.

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