It all started with the Cavite Mutiny.

Soldiers and Workers were expected to pay a

monetary sum and perform forced labor, called the "polo y servico". The mutineers
led by Fernando La Madrid seized Fort San Felipe and killed eleven Spanish officers.
They thought that soldiers in Manila would join them and hearing the signal of the
firing rockets from the city walls that night. Unfortunately, what they thought to be
the signal was actually a burst of fireworks in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of
Loreto. News reached Manila, and the Spanish authorities feared for a massive
Filipino uprising. The next day, General Felipe Ginoves besieged the fort until the
mutineers surrendered. The mutineers formed a line, the one who would not cry out
"Viva Espana" will be shot. The remainders were sent to prison. Three secular
priests were suspected to have supported the mutiny. These were the GOMBURZA
who were executed by garrote. Paciano, the brother of rizal witnessed this event
and he told it to Rizal. This also led to the birth of the Nationalism among Filipinos.
Then, the propaganda movement started, led by Rizal along with Del Pilar and
Jaena. The illustrados had these aims: a) assimilation of the Philippines as a
province of Spain (same laws, same civil liberties) b) Philippine representation in the
Spanish Cortes c) free speech and association d) end to the annual obligation of
forced labor. They did this through writings.
The Filipinos in Europe were much more active in seeking reforms than those in
Manila. They could be divided into three groups: The first included Filipinos who had
been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872 after being implicated in the Cavite
Mutiny. After two many years in the Marianas, they proceeded to Madrid and
Barcelona because they could no longer return Noli Me Tangere Book by Jose Rizal
to the Philippines. The second group consisted of illustrados in the Philippines who
had been sent to Europe for their education. The third group was composed of
Filipinos who had fled their country to avoid punishment for a crime, or simply
because they could not stand Spanish atrocities any longer. Still, not all Filipinos
living in Spain were members of the Propaganda Movement. Jaena wrote a novel,
Fray Botod (Father Fatso). Then he started a newspaper La Solidaridad that
circulated both in Spain and in the Philippines. It was the medium of the Propaganda
Movement. Del Pilar became the editor of this newspaper. Jose Rizal published the
popular Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These novels portrayed the
authoritarian and abusive character of Spanish rule in the colony. Despite their ban,
these writings were smuggled into the Philippines and widely read. Unfortunately,
the Propaganda movement was a Failure. It was because a) the leaders were
ambitious and somewhat greedy. They did do some reforms but it was only for their
own interest. They were protecting their wealth. b) Lack of funds to support the
movement. c) The friars were busy collecting money and the spanish government
did not agree to any of its demands. d) Internal Conflict between Rizal and Del Pilar
that led to the backing out of Del Pilar. e) No strong leader aside from Rizal. Rizal
then came home and established the La Liga Filipina. Its aims were: a) Unite the
whole country. b) Protect and assist all members. c) Fight violence and injustice. d)
Support education. e) Study and implement reforms. Along with Rizal is Salvador,
Dela Rosa, Bonifacio, and Arellano. They didn't have any intention of rising up in
arms against the government, but the Spanish officials still felt threatened. 3 days
later, they arrested Rizal. La Liga Filipina was inactive till the efforts of Franco and

Bonifacio. They reorganized it with Mabini as the secretary. It supported the La

Solidaridad and the reforms it advocated, raise funds for the paper, and defray the
expenses of deputies advocating reforms for the country before the Spanish Cortes.
A few months later, however, the Supreme Council of the Liga dissolved the society.
The reformist leaders found out that most of the popular councils which Bonifacio
had organized were no longer willing to send funds to the Madrid propagandists
because, like Bonifacio, they had become convinced that peaceful agitation for
reforms was futile. Afraid that the more radical rank and file members might capture
the organization and unwilling to involve themselves in an enterprise which would
surely invite reprisals from the authorities, the leaders of the Liga opted for
dissolution. The Liga membership split into two groups: the conservatives formed
the Cuerpo de Compromisarios which pledged to continue supporting the La
Solidaridad while the radicals led by Bonifacio devoted themselves to a new and
secret society, the Katipunan, which Bonifacio had organized on the very day Rizal
was deported to Dapitan.

LINKS
http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/liga.html
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_reason_why_the_propaganda_movement_fa
iled
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Cavite_mutiny
http://www.slideshare.net/MarcyTrinidad/nationalism-and-the-propagandamovement-2

http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2nhcpgovph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/
http://www.philippine-history.org/secularization-of-priests.htm
http://malacanang.gov.ph/7695-the-martyrdom-of-the-gomburza/
http://www.philippine-history.org/gomburza.htm