11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

K L University
B.Tech Third Year First Semester-2014-15
IC Engines & Gas Turbines (13 ME 301)
Q.N
o.
CO1

Sub Q.
Questions
NO.
CO1First
indicat
or
(Test1 )

1. Write in detail the classification of IC Engine.

2. Explain Port timing diagram for 2-Stroke S.I
Engine?
3. Explain the following terms as applied to IC
Engines:
Bore, stroke, compression ratio, swept
volume and Piston speed
4. Differentiate between SI Engines and CI
Engines.
5. Differentiate between Two stroke and Four
stroke engines?
6. Explain valve time diagram for 4-stroke C.I
Engine?
7. Describe with a suitable sketch the working of
4-stroke engine?
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of two stroke engines?
9. Describe with a suitable sketch the working of
2-stroke engine?
10.What are the advantages and disadvantages
of four stroke engines?
11.Discuss in detail the application of various
types of IC engines?

12.
What are the important basic
components of an IC Engine? Explain them
briefly?
13.
Discuss the difference between
theoretical and actual valve timing
diagrams of a diesel engine?
14.Differentiate between SI Engines and CI
Engines.
15.List the important reciprocating engine parts
and their materials?
16.Compare
the
relative
advantages
and
disadvantages of two stroke and four stroke
engines?

17.
Discuss the difference between
theoretical and actual valve timing
diagrams of a diesel engine?

18.Discuss the relative merits and demerits of

internal combustion and external combustion
engines?
19.Suggest reasons why multi cylinder engines
prove more attractive than single cylinder
engines once the total engine displaced
volume exceeds a few hundred cubic
centimeters

Competency /
cognitive level
CO 1
understand

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

11 ME 303

CO1Seccon
d
Indicat
or
(Test 1)

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

1. What are the difference between the analysis

of the air standard cycle and fuel air cycles
2. Why the thermal efficiency of air standard
cycle is is much higher than that of n actual
engine?
3. How do specific heats vary with temperature?
What is the physical explanation for this
variation?
4. Explain the phenomenon of dissociation. Under
what condition is dissociation of products more
pronounced? how does the presence of CO
affect dissociation?
5. How do the equivalence ratio and the
compression ratio affect the maximum
pressure of a fuel air cycle?
6. Explain the various losses considered in the
analysis of the actual cycle?
7. What do you understand by burning time
losses? How can such losses can be reduced?
What are the causes of a large burning time?
8. What do you understand by exhaust blow
down losses? Show the effect of exhaust valve
opening time on exhaust blow down loss.

11 ME 303

CO2

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

C O2
1. Explain the working of simple carburetor with a neat
Understand
sketch.

CO2First
indicat
or

2. Explain the working of common rail fuel injection

system with a neat sketch?
3. Explain the working of distributor fuel injection
system with a neat sketch?
4. What are air-fuel mixture requirements for different
working conditions of SI engine?
5. Draw the schematic diagram of a simple carburetor
and explain its functionality with different conditions?
6. What are functional requirements of an injection
system? Explain the types of fuel injection systems in
C.I engine and why air injection system is not used
nowadays?
7. What are main functions of an injection pump?
Explain the working of bosch pump with a neat
sketch.
8. Explain the working of fuel injector with a neat
sketch.
9. Explain the working of simple carburetor with a neat
sketch.
10. Describe the various types fuel injections systems?

(Test 2)

11. Draw the schematic diagram of a simple carburetor and

explain its functionality with different conditions?
12. Explain the individual pump fuel injection with a neat
sketch.

13. What do mean by the term carburetion? Explain the

factors that affect the process of carburetion.
.

11 ME 303

CO2Second
Indicat
or
(Test2)

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

1. Define Combustion? Explain the general conditions

necessary for Combustion?
2. Explain the factors influencing the flame speed in SI
engine.
3. Discuss the ignitions limits of hydrocarbon fuels?
4. Explain the phenomenon of Knocking in SI engine?
Describe the methods to suppress it.
5. Explain briefly combustion phenomenon in SI engine.
6. State the differences between SI and CI engine
Combustion?
7. What are the factors that limit the compression ratio
that can be used in petrol engines?
8. Explain briefly various stages of combustion in CI
engine using P- diagram.
9. Explain the phenomenon of auto ignition. How auto
ignition is responsible for knocking in SI Engines?
10. Explain the various factors influencing the Ignition
delay in CI engine.
11. Explain the phenomenon of Knocking in CI engine.
Enlist various methods to control diesel knock?
12. What is the purpose of anti knocking additives and
mention any 4 anti knocking additives for SI and CI
engines.
13. Explain the factors influencing the flame speed in SI
engine combustion?
14. Explain the various stages of combustion in CI
engine.
15. Differentiate the basic differences in SI and CI Engine
combustion processes?
16. How do the injection timing and fuel quality effect
the engine knock?
17. Explain the stages of combustion in CI Engine?
18. What is meant by abnormal combustion? How can we
differentiate between normal combustion and
abnormal combustion.
19. Describe the various factor which affect the tendency
to detonate in SI engine combustion?

CO2
Analyze

20. Explain the phenomenon of Knocking in CI engine.

Enlist various methods to control diesel knock?
CO3

CO3
First
indicat
or
(Test 3)

1. A) List the parameters by which performance

of an engine is evaluated?
B) Following data relate to 4-cylinder four
stroke petrol engine. Air fuel ratio by
weight =16:1, calorific value of the fuel
=45200 KJ/kg, mechanical efficiency =
82%, air standard efficiency = 52%,
relative efficiency = 70%, Volumetric
efficiency =78%, stroke/bore ratio=1.25,
Suction conditions = 1bar 25C, rpm =
2400 and power at brakes = 72 KW.
Calculate
1. Compression ratio
ii)indicated

CO3
Evaluate

11 ME 303
iii)

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

thermal efficiency
Brake specific fuel consumption iv) bore
and stroke

2. a) Briefly discuss various efficiencies associated with an

engine?
b) Find the air-fuel ratio of a four stroke single cylinder air
cooled engine with fuel consumption time for 10cc is 20.4
sec and air consumption time for 0.1 m3 is 16.3 sec. The
load is 17 kg at the speed of 3000 rpm. Find also brake
specific fuel consumption in g/kW h and brake thermal
efficiency. Assume the density of air as 1.175 kg/m3 and
specific gravity of fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of
fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the dynamometer constant is 5000.
3.a)What is the importance of specific fuel consumption?
b) A six cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four stroke
cycle. The bore of each cylinder is 80mm and the stroke
100mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70 cc. At a
speed of 4000 rpm the fuel consumption is 20kg/h and the
torque developed is 150 Nm. Calculate i) the brake power
ii) the brake mean effective pressure
iii)brake thermal
efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is 43000 KJ/kg
and iV) the relative efficiency on a brake power basis
assuming the engine works on the constant volume cycle.
= 1.4 for air.
4.a) What are the methods available
performance of an engine?

for improving the

b)The following details were noted in a test on a four

cylinder four stroke engine, diameter = 100mm, stroke = 20
mm, speed of the engine = 1600 rpm, fuel consumption = 0.2
kg/min, calorific value of fuel is 44000kJ/kg, difference in
tension on either side of the brake pulley =40kg, brake
circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency is
80%, calculate i) brake thermal efficiency, ii) indicated
thermal efficiency, iii)indicated mean effective pressure iv)
brake specific fuel consumption.
5.A trial was conducted on a single cylinder oil engine having
a cylinder diameter of 30 cm and stroke 45cm. The engine is
working on the four stroke cycle and the following
observations were made:
Duration of trial = 54 minutes
Total fuel used = 7litres

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

Calorific value = 42 MJ/kg

Total number of revolutions = 12624
Gross imep
Pumping imep
Net load on the brake

= 7.25 bar
= 0.35 bar
=150 kg

Diameter of the brake drum wheel =1.78 m

Diameter of the rope
Cooling water circulated

= 4 cm
= 550 litres

Cooling water temperature = 48 C

Specific heat of water

= 4.18 KJ/kg K

Specific gravity of the oil = 0.8

Calculate the mechanical efficiency and also the unaccounted
losses.
6.A six-cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the
four-stroke cycle. The bore of each cylinder is 80 mm
and the stroke is 100 mm. The clearance volume per
cylinder is 70 cc. At the speed of 4100 rpm, the fuel
consumption is 5.5 gm/sec. [or 19.8 kg/hr.) and the
torque developed is 160 Nm. Calculate : (i) Brake
power, (ii) The brake mean effective pressure, (iii)
Brake thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the
fuel is 44000 kJ/kg and (iv) The relative efficiency on
a brake power basis assuming the engine works on
CO3
the
second constant volume cycle r = 1.4 for air.

Indicat
1.a) Explain the use of study of Heat balance of an
or

engine.
b) A two stroke diesel engine was motored when
(Test 3)
the meter reading was 1.5 kW. Then the test on the
engine was carried out for one hour and the following
observations were recorded: Brake torque = 120 Nm;
Speed = 600 rpm; Fuel used= 2.5 kg; calorific value
of fuel = 40.3 MJ/kg; Cooling water used = 818 kg;
Risein temperature of cooling water = 10C.Exhaust
gas temperature = 345C. Room temperature =
25C; A/F = 32 : 1.
Determine :
(i) bp,
(ii) ip,
(iii) Mechanical efficiency,
(iv) Indicated thermal efficiency, and
(v) Draw heat balance sheet on minute basis
and also in percentage

2.During a trial of a single cylinder four stroke oil engine,

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

the following results were obtained.

Cylinder diameter = 20 cm
Stroke = 40 cm
Mean effective pressure = 6 bar
Torque = 407 Nm
Speed = 250 rpm
Oil consumption

= 4kg /h

Calorific value of the fuel = 43 MJ/kg

Cooling water flow rate = 4.5 kg/min
Air used per kg of fuel = 30 kg
Rise cooling water temperature = 45C
Temperature of exhaust gases = 420C
Room temperature =20C
Mean specific heat of exhaust gases = 1 KJ/kg K
Specific heat of water = 4.18 KJ /kg K
Find the indicated power, brake power and draw a heat
balance sheet for the test in KJ/h.
3.In a test for four-cylinders, four-stroke engine has a
diameter of 100 mm, stroke = 120 mm, speed of
engine = 1800 rpm, fuel consumption of 0.2 kg/min,
calorific value of fuel is 44000 kJ/kg. Difference in
tension on either side of brake pulley = 40 kg, Brake
circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency
is 90%. Cooling water used = 818 kg; Risein
temperature of cooling water = 10C.Exhaust gas
temperature = 345C. Room temperature = 25C;
Calculate (i) Brake-thermal efficiency, (ii) Indicated
thermal efficiency, (iii)
Brake specific fuel
consumption (iv) Heat balance sheet

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

4.During a test on a single cylinder low speed 4
stroke engine having a bore of 30 cm and stroke of
45 cm, the following observation were taken
Ambient air temperature
: 20 C
Duration of test
:
i hour
Total fuel consumption
:
11.4 kg/hr
Calorific value of fuel
:
42000 kJ/kg
RPM
: 300
bmep
: 6bar
Net break load
:
1.5 kN
Break drum diameter
:
1.8 m
Break rope diameter
:2 cm
Quantity of jacket cooling water
:
660 kg/hr
Temperature entering cooling water
:
20 C
Temperature leaving cooling water
:
75 C
Quantity of air as measured
:
250 kg/hr
Specific heat of exhaust gases
:
1kJ/kg K
Exhaust gas temperature
: 420 C
Determine (i) IP (ii) BP (iii) indicated thermal
efficiency (iv) break thermal efficiency (v)
mechanical efficiency (vi) heat balance sheet
on hour basis.

CO4

CO4First
Indicat
or

In a gas turbine the compressor is driven by the high pressure

turbine. The exhaust from the high pressure turbine goes to a
free low pressure turbine which runs the load, the air flow
rate is 20kg/s and the minimum and maximum temperatures
are respectively 300K and 1000K. The compressure pressure
ratio is 4. Calculate the pressure ratio of the low pressure
turbine and the temperature of the exhaust gases from the
unit. The Compression and turbine are isentropic. Cp of air
and exhaust gases is 1KJ/kg K and = 1.4.

CO4Evaluate

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 6:1 and maximum

cycle temperature of 610C. The isentropic efficency of the
compressor and turbine are 0.80 and 0.82 respectively.
Calculate the power output in Kilowatts of an electric
generator geared to the turbine when air enters the
compressor at 15C at the rate of 16kg/ s. Take Cp= 1.005
KJ/kg K and =1.4 for the compression process and take
Cp=1.11 KJ/kg K and = 1.333 for the expansion process.

a. Discuss briefly the various methods employed for

improvement of thermal efficiency of open cycle Gas
turbine plant with neat sketches?
b) In an air standard gas turbine engine, air at a temperature
of 15o C and pressure of 1.01 bars enters the compressor,
where it is compressed through a pressure of ratio of 5. Air
enters the turbine at a temperature of 815o C and expands to
original pressure of 1.01 bar. Determine the ratio of turbine
work to compressor work and the thermal efficiency when
the engine operates on ideal Brayton cycle.
(a) Derive the equation for thermal efficiency of simple gas
turbine cycle.
(b) A gas turbine operates at a pressure ratio of 6. The inlet
air temperature to the compressor is 300 K and the air
entering the turbine is 850 K. If the volume rate of
entering the compressor is 240 m3/s, calculate the net
power output of the cycle. Also compute its efficiency.
Assume that the cycle operates at ideal conditions.
(4+6)

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

a) Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of

closed cycle and open cycle gas turbine plants.
b) Air enter the compressor of a gas turbine plant operating on
Brayton cycle at 101.325 kPa , 27C. The pressure ratio in
the cycle is 6. Calculate the maximum temperature in the
cycle and the cycle efficiency. Assume WT= 2.5 WC. Where
WT and Wc are the turbine and compressor work
respectively.

A gas turbine unit operates at a mass flow of 30 Kg/s enters

the compressor at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature 150 C
and is discharged from the compressor at a pressure of 10.5
bar. Combustion occurs at constant- pressure and results in a
temperature rise of 420 K. If the flow leaves the turbine at a
pressure of 1.2 bar, determine the net power output from the
unit and also the thermal efficiency. Take cp=1.005 kJ/Kg K
and = 1.4.

A gas turbine unit receives air at 1 bar and 300 K and

compresses it adiabatically to 6.2 bar. The compressor
efficiency is 88%. The fuel has a heating value of 44186
kJ/kg and the fuel-air ratio is 0.017 kg/kg of air. The turbine
internal efficiency is 90%. Calculate the work of turbine and
compressor per kg of air compressed and thermal efficiency.
For products of combustion sp. Heat =1.147 kJ/kg and =
1.333.

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

In a gas turbine plant the air enters the compressor at 1 bar

and 300K. The pressure ratio is 5. The temperature at the
turbine inlet is 1200 K. And the mass flow is 12 kg/s.
Sketch the cycle on P-V and T-S planes and indicate
the area representing the heat supply, heat rejection and net
work of the cycle. Determine Compressor and turbine work,
Net work developed, the ratio of turbine work to compressor
work, and the thermal efficiency.

(a) Prove that for a simple gas turbine cycle the pressure ratio
for maximum work is a function of the limiting temperature
ratio.
(b) A closed cycle regenerative gas turbine operating with air
as the working medium. Assume the following data: inlet
pressure = 1.4 bar; inlet temperature = 310 K; pressure ratio
= 5; maximum temperature of the cycle = 1050 K;
effectiveness of the regenerator is 100%; net output = 3000
kW. Assuming the compression and expansion to be
isentropic, calculate thermal efficiency and mass flow rate.

In an air standard regenerative gas turbine cycle the pressure

ratio is 5. Air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 300 K and
leaves at 490 K. The maximum temperature in the cycle is
1000 K. Calculate the cycle efficiency, given that the
efficiency of the regenerator and the adiabatic efficiency of
turbine are each 80%. Assume for air = 1.4. Also, show
the cycle on T-S diagram.
Jet Propulsion:
Jet
Propuls
ion &
Rocket
Propuls
ion
CO4

1.Write advantages and disadvantages of turbojet engine?

2. Write are the advantages and disadvantages of turbo-prop
engine?
3. What is meant by thrust? Derive the thrust
equation for general for a general propulsive
system.
4. Explain various efficiencies associate with a

11 ME 303

IC Engines & Gas Turbines

propulsive device.
5. What do you understand by the term air-breathing
engine? How are they classified?
6. Explain the working principle of a Turbojet engine
with a neat sketch and list out advantages and
disadvantages of a turbojet engine.
7. Explain the working principle of a turbo-prop
engine with a neat sketch and list out advantages
and disadvantages of a turbo-prop engine.

second
Rocket Propulsion:
indicat
or
1. With a neat sketch explain liquid fuel propelled rocket
engine?
2. With a neat sketch explain solid fuel propelled rocket
engine?
3. How a rocket propulsion system works and discuss
about various types of rockets?
4. What is the basic difference between rocket
propulsion and jet propulsion? Can rockets
work in vacuum?

5. With a neat sketch explain liquid fuel propelled rocket

engine?
6. With a neat sketch explain solid fuel propelled rocket
engine?
7. Differentiate between jet propulsion and rocket
propulsion?

From CO4, one question has to taken from the first indicator and another question has to take
from the second indicator.