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Culture Documents
*V cy
-Ly cy lu nm
-Thu hi vo cui ng, sang xun(ch :trnh chy xc i n cht cy)
*L cy
-Thu hi vo lc cy xanh tt
-Ly l bnh t
-L b phn d dp nt nn phi ng trong gi,r,st mt tha,trnh chn p
- ni thong mt
*Hoa
-Thu hi lc hoa chm n
-N l b phn mong manh d dp nt nn phi hi bng tay v hi lc sng sm
-ng trong r, st cng trnh chn p
- ni thong mt,trnh nng
*Qa
-Thu hi lc qu chn gi(c th cn ng)
-Hi lc tri mt, nguyn cung
-Qa bn ra bng nc thao tc nhanh trnh ngm lu trong nc v trnh k c
-Dng c ng: ng trong thng ,hp caston cng(trnh va chm lm bin dng) dng giy vi mm
bc lt, ni thong mt.
*Ht
-Quan tm nhng qu kh t m khi chn
-Thu h lc qu chn gi(v qu cha b kh v en li)
Ch :trnh thu hi mun s ri ht ht
*Ton cy
-Ly vo lc cy xanh tt chm ra hoa
-Ct t phn cnh l cui cng cn xanh k t gc ln
Cu 2:Hy nu cc phng php ch bin s b dc liu?K thut phi sy.
Tr li: a)Cc phng php ch bin s b dc liu
-Ch bin s b dc liu phi thc hin ngay sau khi thu hi
-C 7 phng php
1:Chn dc liu
-Chn ng b phn dng
-Loi tp
2:Lm sch dc liu
-Mc ch:loi b tp(t, ct)
-C 4 cch lm sch dc liu
+Ra bng nc( thao tc nhanh, trnh ngm lu ,k c)
-Nhit cao lm DL c tinh du mt tinh du, bay hi ,DL c mu->mt mu,DL c cht d b phn
hy s b phn hy,DL c ng ->ln men dn n gim cht lng,hng DL
-Nhit cao + m cao l iu kin cho cn trng, nm mc pht trin->ph hoi DL
*Khc phc
-C nh kho ng yu cu k thut
-Trang thit b ch ng h nhit
-nh k o kho,thng kh khi cn thit
3:Nm mc
-Khi c iu kin nm mc d pht trin,sinh ra c t+acid hu c->hng DL rng
*Khc phc
-Thng xuyn kim tra v pht hin sm phng nga nm mc.
-Khi pht hin DL b nm mc phi tm bin php x l ngay,x l xa kho v c k hoch s dng
sm.
4:Cn trng
-C th ln vo DL ngay t khi nhp kho,khi c k n pht trin rt nhanh
-N n hi v lm hng DL din rng
*Khc phc
-Kim tra DL trc khi nhp kho
-Pht hin c cn trng phi tm bin php x l thch hp nh
Phi sy,xng sinh,xng cloropicrin dit cn trng
-C nh k kim tra,pht hin sm
Nu pht hin thy c mi chng ta phi s dng bin php dit tn gc
5:Bao b,ng gi
-DL c s lng ln,cng knh cho nn rt gy kh khn cho vn ng gi
-Dng bao gi khng ng qui nh->hng v h hao DL
*Khc phc
- bao gi ng qui nh ca b y t
-ng gi cn thn trnh h hao cho quat trnh vn chuyn
6:Thi gian bo qun
2:Saponin
-Tc dng:+) cha ho v long m. VD:cy vin ch,cy cam tho bc
+) Li tiu. VD:cy rau m
+)B dng c th. VD:cy nhn sm,cy tam tht.
3:Antranoid
-Cn c vo v tr nhm th c v tr 1 v 8, 3 v 6 cho hot cht c tc dng nhun trng.
-Nhun hoc ty ph thuc vo liu s dng->nhm ty nhun trng
- Thng c gp trong mt s h thc vt:vang,thu du,bu b,hnh ti
VD:chrysophanol trong ht cy tho quyt minh
4: Flavonoid v Anthoxyanoid
-Flavonoid:l hot cht c mu vng
-Anthoxyanoid:l nhng hot cht c mu cng loi:,tm hoc ko mu
->Tc dng:+)Thng tiu tin: VD:quercitrin trong l dp c
+)Khng khun,dit cn trng:VD:brazilin trong cy T mc(khng khun),rotemon
trong cy Dy mt(dit cn trng)
+)Chng vim lot d dy:VD:Flavonoid trong cy cam tho
+)Tng sc bn mao mch:VD:Rutin trong cy hoa he
+)Tng sc khng
+)Cha gan mt:VD:Cynarin trong cy actiso
+)Cm mu VD: Rutin trong cy he
5:Tanin:
-Tc dng:+)c ch vi khun ng rut,cha i ngoi
+)Sn se nim mc->cha bng
+)Cha ng c kim loi nng v ancaloid v lm kt ta cc cht
+)C mt hu ht thc vt bc cao lp 2 l mm
VD ; Cy i, cy bng
6 :Coumarin : cht ng
Cu 6 : Nu nh ngha,tnh cht,tc dng ca Saponin va Tanin ?Cho v d
Tr li :a) Saponin
*) nh ngha :Saponin l glycosid c kh nng to bt ,nh ha,lm sch, nng cao gy tan
huyt
*) Tc dng : - Cha ho v long m , VD: cy vin ch
-Li tiu, VD: cy rau m
- B dng c th, VD: cy nhn sm
*)Tnh cht: nng cao gy tan huyt
b)Tanin
*)nh ngha:Tanin l hp cht hu c c cu to phc tp,c v cht,c kh nng kt ta
albumin,ng dng trong cng ngh thuc da
*)Tnh cht: nng cao gy tan huyt
*)Tc dng: -c ch vi khun ng rut,cha i ngoi
- Sn se nim mc-> cha bng
- Cha ng c kim loi nng v alcaloid v c kh nng kt ta
loi ny
- C mt hu ht thc vt bc cao lp 2 l mm
V d : Cy i,cy bng
Cu 7 :Nu nh ngha,tnh cht,tc dng ca alcaloid ?Cho v d
Tr li a) n ngha :Alcaloid l nhng hp cht hu c c Nito trong nhn d vng,c th N nm
ngoi mch nhnh.C c thc vt v ng vt.Dc lc mnh,c tnh cao.C phn ng kim.C
thuc th ring alcaloid.Tn ti trng thi lng,nhng cng c th trng thi rn,bay hi,thng
hoa,chu nhit .
b)Tnh cht -Thng c hu ht thc vt bc cao,lp cy 2 l mm. giai on u n thng
xut hin trong mm,chi, ngn.Khi cy trng thnh th alcaloid s xut hin cc b phn khc
nhau ca cy.
-N cng c cy lp 1 l mm , VD : cy hnh, ti
-N cng c th thc vt bc thp, VD : cc loai nm
N cng c th ng vt nh mt s loi khun
c)Tc dng
-c ch TKTW -> an thn,gy ng ,VD : moocphin
-Kch thch TKTW ,VD : ch,c ph
- Kch thch giao cm ,VD :ephedrin
-Lm lit giao cm, VD:ergotamin
- H hi: Illiciaceae
-BPD: Qa thu hi lc qu chn gi,lm sch,phi sy kh( trc khi phi sy nhng vo nc si
dit men c hi) phi trong rm,nhit thp
-Thnh phn: ch yu l cha tinh du,hot cht c bn l anethol hoc limonen,c cht nhy
,ng,du bo
-Cng dng: C tc dng tiu ha,tr lnh,chng co tht,c tc dng khai vi( ru perno) dng trong
cc trng hp: y bng,n ko tiu, au bng lnh ng c thc n,tiu chy,nn ma
- Cch dng:3-6g/ngy/dng sc.Dng dng ru thuc ,cn xoa bp. Hoc dng lm gia v
13) Cy tam tht
-Tn KH: Panax notoginseng F.H
-H nhn sm:Araliaceae
-BPD: Thng dng r c,thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li,ly r c phi sy kh,thng ly
cy trn 5 nm tui
-Thnh phn:ch yu l saponin,tinh du v alcaloid
-Cng dng: T/d cm mu,lu thng kh huyt,gim au ,tng cng sinh lc,tng sc khng, dng
trong cc trng hp: thiu mu,c th suy nhc,ung th d dy,ung th rut, cm mu trong mt s
trng hp chy mu
-Cch dng:3-9g/ngy dng sc,hm,cm ,ch
14) Cy vng nem
-Tn KH: Erythrina variegata Lin
-H u: Fabaceae
-BPD: L v v thn. L thu hi lc cy xanh tt.V thn ly lc cui ng sang xun tt c lm sch
phi sy kh
-Thnh phn: ch yu l alcaloid v saponin
-Cng dng: an thn,gy ng,b mu,dng trong cc trng hp:mt ng,kh ng,mu xu v thn
cn c tc dng phong t thp,st trung nh,thng kinh lc
-Cch dng: liu dng 5-10g/ngy dng sc, c th phi hp vi lc tin
15) Cy thanh hao hoa vng
-Tn KH: Artemisia annua Lin
-H cc: Asteraceae
-BPD: Dng thn cnh mang l v hoa ,thu hi l lc cy xanh tt,thu hi hoa lc hoa chm n v vo
bui sng,lm sch phi sy kh
-Cng dng: c t/d dit giun sn, c bit l sn mng. Dng ty giun sn.
(-) Ty sn: n sng sm (lc i) 100g ht b ng (sng), sau 2h ung nc sc ht cau (60-80g), sau
1/2h ung 1 liu thuc ty Mgso4(15g), sau cho bnh nhn ngi vo chu nc m -> kq sn b ra
(-) Ty giun: p dng nh ty sn, nng khng dng nc sc ht cau.
*)Cy cau:
-B phn dng: Dng ht (binh lang), dng v (i phc b) thu hi khi qu chn gi, lm sch phi
sy.
-Cng dng: Dit giun sn, l, trc khun, n khng tiu, ph thng ( nc). Dng t 3-10g/ngy
dng sc.
(-)Ty sn: n sng sm (lc i) 100g ht b ng (sng), sau 2h ung nc sc ht cau (60-80g), sau
1/2h ung 1 liu thuc ty Mgso4(15g), sau cho bnh nhn ngi vo chu nc m -> kq sn b ra
V qu cn c tc dng li tiu, tiu kh, dng trong cc trng hp ph thng, y bng, cc kh,
nn ma. Cch dng: dng 5-10g/ngy dng sc
*).Cy lu:
-B phn dng: V qu (thch lu b).
-Cng dng:C t/d lm sn se, tr giun sn, cm mu. s/d tr t l, giun sn, cm mu khi chy mu
(chy mu cam, tr ni, chn rng). Dng 5 10g/ ngy dng sc ra vt thng.
*).Cy S qun:
-B phn dng: Dng ht, thu hi khi qu chn gi, lm sch phi sy kh, p b v cng ly nhn
ht
-Cng dng: t/d b t, nhun trng, st khun, tr giun dng trong cc trng hp:giun a,giun kim,
tr em gy cm, vng da, bng to, chm ln
(*)Tr giun a, giun kim th dng 10g ung vo bui ti, ung 3 ti lin.
*).Cy keo giu:
-B phn dng: Ly ht-Cng dng: t/d tr giun a, giun kim dng ty giun a,giun kim. Dng
5-10g/ ngy dng sc, dng bt -> cho tr em
4) Nhm Dc liu cha l
*).Cy th hong lin:
-B phn dng: Thn r,
-Cng dng: st khun, tiu vim, thanh nhit, dng trong cc trng hp l trc khun, vim gan. L
nguyn liu trit sut Berberin. Dng 4-12g/ ngy dng sc, ngoi ra c dng bt, vin
*).Mc hoa trng:
-B phn dng: Dng v thn, cnh, ht. thu hi thn, cnh khi cy xanh tt, ly ht khi qu chn gi,
lm sch phi sy kh.
- Cng dng: c t/d dit k sinh trng amid v giun sn, c dng l amid v giun sn, ngay c th
kn. Dng 10g/ngy dng sc l v. Dng 3-6g/ngy dng sc nu l ht. Ngoi ra c dng bt,
vin. Nguyn liu trit sut ra Conessin
*) Hong ng
-BPD: L thn v r
-CD: tc dng khng sinh, dng cha l, au mt, vim rut,vim bng quang,mn nht,mn nga
-Cch dng: ung 6-12g/ngy dng sc
*) Hong b
-BPD: V thn, v cnh
-CD: khng khun mnh, thanh nhit, gii c, dng cha nhim trng (t, l) vim ruottj, vim hng,
au mt ,i tin ra mu
Cch dng: 6-12g/ngy dng sc, btLm nguyn liu trit sut ra Berberin
*) Ti
-BPD: Thn hnh (c)-CD: khng khun, khng nm, gim huyt p, gim cholesterol mu, gim
lipid mudng cha l amid, trc khun, giun kim, vt thng c m, huyt p cao, ho, tiu ha
km
Cch dng: 5-12g/ngy dng thuc sc, cn thuc (20-50 git)/ ngy. Chia 2-3 ln hay n sng.
*)Nha am t.
-BPD: Qu chn
-CD: t/d thanh nhit, gii c, dit k sinh trng-> dng cha l amid, st rt
-Cch dng: cha l amid: 4-16g/ngy chia 3 ln dng sc dng 3-7 ngy. Cha st rt: 3-6g/ngy
chia thnh 3 ln dng 4-5 ngy dng sc, bt. C th cha mn cm, trai chn bng cch gi nt p
5) Dcliu tc dng tiu c
*).Cy kim ngn:
-B phn dng: Dng hoa -> kim ngn hoa, . Dng cnh, l -> kim ngn cung
-Cng dng: gii nhit, gii c, tr mn nht, d ng, kch thch h min dch, h tiu ha. Dng
cha mn nht, nga, ban si, m ay, gi c
-cch dng: 12-16g/ngy dng sc, hm v phi hp vi dng thuc khc. Kim ngn cung dng
nc sc tm v ra mn nht
*)Cy Si t
*)Cy ch mu
-BPD:Ton cy tr gc r v qu
-Cng dng:iu ha kinh nguyt,lu thng kh huyt,li tiu dng trong cc tr/h:kinh nguyt ko
u,au bng kinh,t huyt sau khi sinh n.Qa c t/d nh ton cy ngoaif ra cn lm sng mt,cha
bnh thin u thng
-Cch dng:8-16g/ngy/dng sc
Cao lng:ng 250ml dung30ml/ln dng 2 ln /ngy
*)Ngi cu
-BPD:Dng thn cnh mang l v ngn
-Cng dng:iu ha kh huyt,iu kinh,an thai,cm mu,dng trong cc tr/h: kinh nguyt ko
u,rong kinh,cm mu trong mt s tr/h chy mu
-Cch dng:6-12g/ngy/dng sc ngoi ra c dng cao hng ngi ng chai 250ml,dung30ml/ln 2
ln /ngy
*)Hng ph
-BPD:Thn r
-Cng dng:iu ha kh huyt,gim au,kin t v,dng cha cc chng bnh ph n kinh nguyt ko
u,au bng kinh,vim c t cung mn tnh,cc bnh ph n trc v sau khi sinh
-Cch dung:6-9g/ngy/dng sc
*)M hoa trng
-BPD:Thn cnh mang l
-Cng dng:chng vim,thanh nhit,gii c,tr thp,dng trong cc tr/h:ph n kinh nguyt ko
u,bch i,vim loet c t cung,vim mt,vng da,mun nht,l nga,au lng,mi gi,h/a tng
-Dng:12-16g/ngy dng sc,hon tn
*)Hng hoa
-BPD:Hoa
-Cng dng:tng co bp t cung,tng trng lc tim,tng h/a.dng trong cc tr/h:kinh nguyt ko
u,b kinh, huyt,t huyt do chn thng mn nht
-Dng:3-9g/ngy/dng sc
*)Gai
-BPD:R
-Cng dng:an thai,cm mu,thanh nhit,gii c,li tiu,khng khun dng trong cc tr/h:ng
thai,au bng,ra huyt,xch bch i,vim c t cung,mn nht
-Cng dng:Thi tr ure,acid uric,mui,li tiu,khng khun,khng vim,dng trog cc tr/h:b tiu
tin ,ph thng,tiu ra mu,vim thn,vim bng quang,ho lu,ho ko di,dng ngoi p mn nht
-Cch dng:10-20g/ngy/dng sc
Ht :10-15g/ngy/dng sc
Sc ung thay nc hoc rc ln ch au
*)C tranh
-BPD: Dng thn r
-Cng dng:lm mt huyt,cm mu,li tiu,dng trong cc tr/h: ph thng,b tiu tin,i but,i
rc,st cao,st vng da
-Cch dng:9-30g/ngy/dng sc hoc dng ti
*)Trch t
-BPD:thn r
-Cng dng:li tiu,tr thp nhit,mt thn,tr t,l v b huyt cho ph n ang nui con,dng cha
cc chng bnh:b tiu tin,thy thng,vim thn,i tiu ra mu,i but,cc kh,bng y
trng,ph n t sa
-Cch dng:6-9g/ngy/dng sc,hon tn
*)Phc linh
-BPD:Qa
-Cng dng:li tiu,kin t,an thn,dng lm thuc cha cc chng bnh: b tiu tin,thy thng
trng mn,tiu ha km,tiu chy,bng y trng,km ng,chn tay mi,hi hp,lo u,
-Cch dng:9-15g/ngy/dng sc ,thuc bt
*) Ru ng
-BPD: Vi v nm nhy bp gi ca cy ng
-Cng dng:li tiu,tiu thng, thng mt,cm mu,dng trong cc tr/h: ph thng,i rt,i
but,vim ng tit niu,vim ti mt, vng da
-Cch dng:10-20g/ngy/dng sc or cao lng
*)T gii
-BPD: Thn r
-Cng dng:li tiu,khu phong,tr thp,dng cha cc chng bnh b tiu tin,nc tiu c,i
but,i rt,tiu c ,mn nht,au gn ct do phong thp
-Cch dng:12-18g dng sc or thuc bt
*)Thng tho
-BPD:Li thn
-Cng dng:li tiu,li sa,thng kh,thanh nhit,dng cha cc chng bnh:b tiu tin,thy
thng,tiu kh,
-Dng:3-5g/ngy dng sc or hon tn
*)Mc thng
-BPD:Thn leo
-Cng dng:li tiu,lu thng kh huyt,li sa,iu ha kinh nguyt,dng trong cc tr/h:b tiu
tin,thy thng,i rc,b kinh t sa v au khp
-Cch dng:3-6g/ngy, dng thuc sc