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cng mn dc liu

Cu1:Nguyn tc chung khi thu hi dc liu,chovd?hy trnh by k thut thu hi cc b phn


ca cy lm thuc(r,thn r,c,v cy,l cy,hoa,qu,ht,ton cy)
Tr li:a)Nguyn tc chung khi thu hi dc liu
-L yu t quan trng,m bo cht lng dc liu
-m bo 3 nguyn tc 3 ng
*ng tn dc liu(mi vng min c tn gi khc nhau,cn c vo tn khoa hc) v d:cy thi li
c tn l rau Trai hay Trai
*ng b phn dng p ng c yu cu cha bnh.vd:cy lc tin b phn dng ton cy(tr
gc r).cy vng nem b phn dng l l v v thn.
*ng thi im ( thi v v thi gian)
+Thi v l thi gian sinh trng ca cy b phn dng cho ta nhiu hot cht nht.
+Thi gian: thu hi m bo cht lng tt nht cho b phn dng.
V d:thu hi ly thn cy lm thuc nn tin hnh vo ma ng khi l cy rng.
b) K thut thu hi cc b phn ca cy lm thuc
* R,Thn r,C
-V chng nm di mt t
-Thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li
-Trnh chy xc lm hng dc liu

*V cy
-Ly cy lu nm
-Thu hi vo cui ng, sang xun(ch :trnh chy xc i n cht cy)
*L cy
-Thu hi vo lc cy xanh tt
-Ly l bnh t
-L b phn d dp nt nn phi ng trong gi,r,st mt tha,trnh chn p
- ni thong mt

*Hoa
-Thu hi lc hoa chm n
-N l b phn mong manh d dp nt nn phi hi bng tay v hi lc sng sm
-ng trong r, st cng trnh chn p
- ni thong mt,trnh nng
*Qa
-Thu hi lc qu chn gi(c th cn ng)
-Hi lc tri mt, nguyn cung
-Qa bn ra bng nc thao tc nhanh trnh ngm lu trong nc v trnh k c
-Dng c ng: ng trong thng ,hp caston cng(trnh va chm lm bin dng) dng giy vi mm
bc lt, ni thong mt.
*Ht
-Quan tm nhng qu kh t m khi chn
-Thu h lc qu chn gi(v qu cha b kh v en li)
Ch :trnh thu hi mun s ri ht ht
*Ton cy
-Ly vo lc cy xanh tt chm ra hoa
-Ct t phn cnh l cui cng cn xanh k t gc ln
Cu 2:Hy nu cc phng php ch bin s b dc liu?K thut phi sy.
Tr li: a)Cc phng php ch bin s b dc liu
-Ch bin s b dc liu phi thc hin ngay sau khi thu hi
-C 7 phng php
1:Chn dc liu
-Chn ng b phn dng
-Loi tp
2:Lm sch dc liu
-Mc ch:loi b tp(t, ct)
-C 4 cch lm sch dc liu
+Ra bng nc( thao tc nhanh, trnh ngm lu ,k c)

+Sng sy(p dng cc DL l ht),loi tp(cc ht thi lp ko ng kch c)


+Chi DL(loi b cc lp lng bn ngoi,bn trong DL,loi b nm mc i vi cc DL b nm mc
nhng ko ra c bng nc ti s dng)
+Co gt(loi b lp v cng bn ngoi DL)
3:Ga dc liu
-Loi b lp v cng bn ngoi DL
4:Ct thi dc liu
-Lm nh v lm mng DL d bo qun,d s dng
5:Ngm dc liu
-Lm mm DL cho d thi
-Lm gim c tnh ca DL(chn dung mi thch hp)
-Thi gian ngm di hoc ngn s ph thuc vo mc ch s dng v bn cht ca DL
6: dc liu
-Lm mm DL bng lm m DL ph ln lp vi mm
-Kch thch s hot ng ca cc men lm thay i tnh cht,thnh phn,tc dng ca DL
-Thi gian ph thuc vo mc ch s dng v bn cht ca dc liu
7:Chng dc liu
-C th cho DL trc tip vo nc si hoc c th qua hi nc mc ch l dit cc men c hi
cho qu trnh bo qun
b)K thut phi,sy dc liu
*khi nim: phi sy DL l lm kh dc liu ti thy phn an ton m bo cht lng DL trong
sut quat trnh bo qun
*Phi:l s dng kh nng t nhin lm kh dc liu.c 4 cch phi
1:Phi trn sn
-Sn sch s
-p dng cho dc liu cng knh,r tin
-Dn mng,ri u
2:Phi trong bng rm
-Ch phi thong v nhiu gi
-p dng vi DL c tinh du,c mu v DL c hot cht d phn hy

3:Phi trn gin cao


-p dng cho cc DL qu him,mong manh
-Phi trc tip hoc qua khay
-Ch dn mng v o u
4:Phi trnh bi v cn trng
-Phi trn gin cao
-p dng DL c mi v hp dn
-Dng lp vi tha che y
*Sy:lm kh DL bng trang thit b(t sy,l sy).chng ta phi tin hnh qua cc bc sau:
-Lm sch v chn dc liu
-Chn nhit thch hp(40-70 c) chia lm 3 giai on theo nhit tng dn:giai on u sy
40-50
G2 sy 50-60 c
G3 sy 60-7- c
V duy tr 70 c.trong trng hp DL c tinh du,c mu,c hot cht d b phn hy chng ta sy
nhit di 40 c.
Cu 3:Phn tch cc nguyn nhn lm hng dc liu v cch khc phc trong qu trnh bo
qun dc liu,m bo tt cht lng dc liu?
Tr li: Cht lng ca dc liu ph thuc vo nhiu yu t.Trong qu trnh bo qun c 6 yu t
nh hng trc tip ti cht lng ca dc liu;
1: m khng kh( m thch hp bo qun dc liu l 60-65%)
- m cao l iu kin cho nm mc pht trin->sinh ra c t->phn hy DL,lm thay i tnh
cht,thnh phn mu sc ca DL->lm gim cht lng hoc hng DL
*Khc phc:-C nh kho
-C thit b ch ng h m
-DL trc khi nhp kho chng ta phi kim tra thy phn an ton
-nh k phi sy,o kho thng thong khi cn thit
-Cc DL qu nn vo thng hoc hm kn km theo cht chng
m(silicazen,vi cc)
2: Nhit
-Nhit thch hp bo qun DL la 25 C

-Nhit cao lm DL c tinh du mt tinh du, bay hi ,DL c mu->mt mu,DL c cht d b phn
hy s b phn hy,DL c ng ->ln men dn n gim cht lng,hng DL
-Nhit cao + m cao l iu kin cho cn trng, nm mc pht trin->ph hoi DL
*Khc phc
-C nh kho ng yu cu k thut
-Trang thit b ch ng h nhit
-nh k o kho,thng kh khi cn thit
3:Nm mc
-Khi c iu kin nm mc d pht trin,sinh ra c t+acid hu c->hng DL rng
*Khc phc
-Thng xuyn kim tra v pht hin sm phng nga nm mc.
-Khi pht hin DL b nm mc phi tm bin php x l ngay,x l xa kho v c k hoch s dng
sm.
4:Cn trng
-C th ln vo DL ngay t khi nhp kho,khi c k n pht trin rt nhanh
-N n hi v lm hng DL din rng
*Khc phc
-Kim tra DL trc khi nhp kho
-Pht hin c cn trng phi tm bin php x l thch hp nh
Phi sy,xng sinh,xng cloropicrin dit cn trng
-C nh k kim tra,pht hin sm
Nu pht hin thy c mi chng ta phi s dng bin php dit tn gc
5:Bao b,ng gi
-DL c s lng ln,cng knh cho nn rt gy kh khn cho vn ng gi
-Dng bao gi khng ng qui nh->hng v h hao DL
*Khc phc
- bao gi ng qui nh ca b y t
-ng gi cn thn trnh h hao cho quat trnh vn chuyn
6:Thi gian bo qun

-DL l hng ha nn s gim cht lng theo thi gian


*Khc phc
-Phi c k hoch mua bn,s dng mt cch thch hp
-Trnh DL bo qun qu di->gim cht lng v gy lng ph v kinh t .
Cu 4:Hy nu nh ngha,tnh cht,tc dng trong cha bnh ca tinh du?ly v d?Nu cch
phn bit tinh du v cht bo?
Tr li: a)* nh ngha:Tinh du l hn hp ca nhiu thnh phn,c mi thm,khng tan trong
nc ,tan trong dung mi hu c,bay hi nhit thng,tn ti trng thi lng
*Tnh cht:Phn b ko u trong thc vt:nh t bo biu b trong cnh hoa, t bo tit ca m
dinh dng trong thn cy(thn cy tru khng,cy long no), cc ti tit l nh(l bi,l
chanh), trong cc ng tit nh(cy rau mi,cy th l), trong cc lng tit nh(bc h,hng nhu)
*Tc dng:Kch thch v st trng nh,chng vim ng h hp,gip tiu ha,lm hng v cho
dng bo ch
V d:Tinh du trong cy bc h,cy kinh gii c tc dng lm ra m hi,tr phong nhit.
b)Cch phn bit tinh du v cht bo
Ta tin hnh th nghim gi mt git tinh du v mt git du ln trn t giy nu l du thy c vt
loang ra v gp nhit du bay hi li vt.cn tinh du ko b loang ,bay hi nhit thng v
bay hi hon ton ko li vt
Cu 5:Nu nh ngha,tnh cht ca glycosid?k tn tc dng cc nhm glycosid c s dng
trong nghnh dc?cho v d?
Tr li:a)nh ngha:Glycosid l hp cht hu c c cu to phc tp khi thy phn cho 2 phn:phn
ng v phn ko ng
Phn ng gm c:- ng n :tng kh nng ha tan cho hot cht gip hot cht thm sau vo
thnh mch
-ng a
Phn ko ng gi l( genin hay aglycol):c cu to rt khc nhau(phn ko ng quyt nh cha
bnh
b)Tnh cht:Glycosid khi c iu kin d b enzym phn hy->glycosid ko bn vng.
c)Cc nhm glycosid c s dng trong nghnh dc: C 6 nhm
1: Glycosid tim:c tc dng c bit trn tim,lm chm nhp tim,iu ha nhip tim,cng tim
-Glycosid thng c cu to steroid(khng vim gim au)
V d:glycosid tim c trong l cy nh neriolin trong l cy trc o,c trong ht nh thevetin trong
ht cy thng thin

2:Saponin
-Tc dng:+) cha ho v long m. VD:cy vin ch,cy cam tho bc
+) Li tiu. VD:cy rau m
+)B dng c th. VD:cy nhn sm,cy tam tht.
3:Antranoid
-Cn c vo v tr nhm th c v tr 1 v 8, 3 v 6 cho hot cht c tc dng nhun trng.
-Nhun hoc ty ph thuc vo liu s dng->nhm ty nhun trng
- Thng c gp trong mt s h thc vt:vang,thu du,bu b,hnh ti
VD:chrysophanol trong ht cy tho quyt minh
4: Flavonoid v Anthoxyanoid
-Flavonoid:l hot cht c mu vng
-Anthoxyanoid:l nhng hot cht c mu cng loi:,tm hoc ko mu
->Tc dng:+)Thng tiu tin: VD:quercitrin trong l dp c
+)Khng khun,dit cn trng:VD:brazilin trong cy T mc(khng khun),rotemon
trong cy Dy mt(dit cn trng)
+)Chng vim lot d dy:VD:Flavonoid trong cy cam tho
+)Tng sc bn mao mch:VD:Rutin trong cy hoa he
+)Tng sc khng
+)Cha gan mt:VD:Cynarin trong cy actiso
+)Cm mu VD: Rutin trong cy he
5:Tanin:
-Tc dng:+)c ch vi khun ng rut,cha i ngoi
+)Sn se nim mc->cha bng
+)Cha ng c kim loi nng v ancaloid v lm kt ta cc cht
+)C mt hu ht thc vt bc cao lp 2 l mm
VD ; Cy i, cy bng
6 :Coumarin : cht ng
Cu 6 : Nu nh ngha,tnh cht,tc dng ca Saponin va Tanin ?Cho v d
Tr li :a) Saponin

*) nh ngha :Saponin l glycosid c kh nng to bt ,nh ha,lm sch, nng cao gy tan
huyt
*) Tc dng : - Cha ho v long m , VD: cy vin ch
-Li tiu, VD: cy rau m
- B dng c th, VD: cy nhn sm
*)Tnh cht: nng cao gy tan huyt
b)Tanin
*)nh ngha:Tanin l hp cht hu c c cu to phc tp,c v cht,c kh nng kt ta
albumin,ng dng trong cng ngh thuc da
*)Tnh cht: nng cao gy tan huyt
*)Tc dng: -c ch vi khun ng rut,cha i ngoi
- Sn se nim mc-> cha bng
- Cha ng c kim loi nng v alcaloid v c kh nng kt ta
loi ny
- C mt hu ht thc vt bc cao lp 2 l mm
V d : Cy i,cy bng
Cu 7 :Nu nh ngha,tnh cht,tc dng ca alcaloid ?Cho v d
Tr li a) n ngha :Alcaloid l nhng hp cht hu c c Nito trong nhn d vng,c th N nm
ngoi mch nhnh.C c thc vt v ng vt.Dc lc mnh,c tnh cao.C phn ng kim.C
thuc th ring alcaloid.Tn ti trng thi lng,nhng cng c th trng thi rn,bay hi,thng
hoa,chu nhit .
b)Tnh cht -Thng c hu ht thc vt bc cao,lp cy 2 l mm. giai on u n thng
xut hin trong mm,chi, ngn.Khi cy trng thnh th alcaloid s xut hin cc b phn khc
nhau ca cy.
-N cng c cy lp 1 l mm , VD : cy hnh, ti
-N cng c th thc vt bc thp, VD : cc loai nm
N cng c th ng vt nh mt s loi khun
c)Tc dng
-c ch TKTW -> an thn,gy ng ,VD : moocphin
-Kch thch TKTW ,VD : ch,c ph
- Kch thch giao cm ,VD :ephedrin
-Lm lit giao cm, VD:ergotamin

-Kch thch ph giao cm,VD:pilocarpin 1%


-Lm lit ph giao cm,VD:atropin
-Phng b cc hch,VD:Nicotin
-Tc dng tim mch,VD:Quinindin
-Tr st rt, VD:quinin
-Lm h huyt p ,VD: Reserpin
-Cha l amip, VD:emetin
-Tr giun sn,VD: isopellerrin
Cu 8: Nu tn khoa hc,b phn dng,cch thu hi,thnh phn,cng dng,cch dng ca cc
dc liu
1: Cy bnh vi
-Tn KH: Stephania glabra Miers
-H tit d: Menis permaceae
-BPD : Dng thn c,thu hi quanh nm,thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li ly thn c lm sch
phi sy kh
-Thnh phn: Ch yu l alcaloid,hot cht chnh l Rohindin
-Cng dng: An thn,dng huyt,thanh nhit,gim au,dng trong cc trng hp:mt ng,kh
ng,st,au d dy,au u,c trng hp ho
-Liu dng:3-6g/ngy,dng sc
-Lm nguyn liu chit xut Rotundin v bo ch Rutunda
2: Cy bch ch
-Tn KH: Angelica dahurica Benth
-H hoa tn:Apiaceae
-BPD: R,c .Thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li,ly r c lm sch phi sy kh, phi trong
rm,sy nhit thp,nn thu hi cy trn 10 thng tui
-Thnh phn:c nha mu vng,c mt t tinh du
-Cng dng: Tc dng khu phong,thanh nhit,gii c,st trng nh,
-Liu dng: 1-12g/ngy/dng sc
3-6g/ngy/dng bt
3: Cy cc hoa vng

-Tn KH: Chrysanthemum Indicum Lin


-H cc: Asteraceae
-BPD: Hoa thu hi lc hoa chm n,thu hi lc sng sm,lm sch,phi sy kh, qua nc si,sng
snh,p b nc en->phi sy
-Thnh phn: Ch yu l tinh du ngoi ra co vitamin nhm A v B c mt s cht khong nh:
Adenin,cholin,sc t,
-Cng dng: Tn phong,thanh nhit,lm sng mt,h huyt p, c dng trong cc trng hp: cm
cm,au u,cao huyt p v mt s bnh v mt
-Liu dng: 3-10g/ngy/dng sc,hm ung thay nc, dng ngoi p vt thng,mun nht
4: Cy u ph t
-Tn KH: Aconitum fortunei Hemsl
-H Hong Lin: Ranunculaceae
-BPD:Dng R c,c ci gi l u,c con gi l ph t thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn
li.khng nn thu hi qu mun lm rng c.
Ch bin thnh 3 loi -Hc ph( ph t en)
-Bch ph( ph t trng)
-Dim ph(ph t mui)
-Thnh phn: ch yu l Alcaloid hot cht chnh l Aconitin( thuc c)
-Cng dng: Tr hn thp,thng kinh lc,gim au dng trong cc trng hp:chn tay co qup,bn
thn bt toi,phong t thp
-Cch dng:thi lt mng ,ngm ru,co qup
-Lu : ko c ung,ko c xoa bp ln vt thng h
5: Cy bch b
-Tn KH: Stemona tuberosa Lour
-H bch b:Stemonaceae
-BPD: R c thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li,ly r c lm sch phi sy kh
-Thnh phn:Ch yu cha Alcaloid hot cht chnh la stemonin
-Cng dng: Nhun phi,tiu m,st trng nh,c dng trong cc trng hp ho lu,ho ko di,ho
g
-Cch dng:3-9g/ngy/dng sc,cao lng,siro,vin
6: Cy tho quyt minh

-Tn KH: Cassia tora Lin


-H u: Fabaceae
-BPD: Dng ht,thu hi lc qu chn gi ly ht lm sch phi sy kh
-Thnh phn:Antranoid,albumin,lipit,cht nhy,cht mu,tanin
-Cng dng:Ty nhun trng ty vo liu s dng,ngoi ra cn c tc dng mt gan,li mt,thanh
nhit,lm sng mt,dng trong cc trng hp to bn,au u mt ng,cao huyt p v mt s bnh
v mt
-Cch dng: 5-10g/ngy/dng sc
7:Cy b ng
-Tn KH: Cucurbita pepo Lin
-H bu b : Cucurbitaceae
-BPD : Dng ht,thu i lc qu chn gi,ly ht lm sch phi sy kh
-Thnh phn :Ch yu l c alcaloid v c hn hp hot cht cucurbitin,c protein,cht
bo,ng,tinh bt,c nhiu mui v c
- Cng dng,cch dng :+) Dit giun sn,c bit n c ch s pht trin ca sn mn,dng ty
giun sn
+) Ty sn :n lc i,sng sm,khong 100g ht b ng sng sau 2h ung nc sc ht cau vi
liu(60-80g)ht cau.sau 1/2h ung 1 liu thuc ty MgSO4 liu 15g sau cho bnh nhn ngi vo
chu nc m -> kq : sn b ra
+) Ty giun : p dng nh ty sn nhng ko dng nc sc ht cau
8) Cy mc hoa trng
-Tn KH : Holarrhena antidysenterica wall
-H trc o : Apocynaceae
-BPD: Dng v thn,v cnh thu hi lc cy xanh tt, dng ht thu hi lc qu chn gi, tt c lm
sch phi sy kh
-Thnh phn: ch yu l Alcaloid hot cht chnh l conessin c cu to steroid
-Cng dng: T/d dit k sinh trng amipv giun sn c s dng trong trng hp l amip ngay c
th kn
-Cch dng: 10g/ngy/dng sc nu l v
3-6g/ngy /dng sc nu l ht
Ngoi ra cn c dng bt,dng vin
9) Cy a hong

-Tn KH: Rehmania glutinosa gaertn


-H hoa mm ch: Scrophulariaceae
-BPD: Dng r c thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li,c th thu hi 2 v/nm( v ng xun,v
h)
+) Dng ti:gi l tin a hong
+)Dng kh: gi l sinh a hong
-Thnh phn:cha hn hp cc cht Rehmannin,manit, ngoi ra cn c glucose,caroten
-Cng dng: B huyt ,lng huyt,cm mu,dng trong cc trng hp: cm mu , thiu mu
-Cch dng: 12-30g tin a hong/ngy/dng sc( dng ti)
9-12g sinh a hong/ngy/sc( dng kh)
L nguyn liu ch bin thc a
10) Cy h th
- Tn KH: Fallopia Multiflora thumb
-H rau rm:Poligonaceae
-BPD: Dng r c thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li ly r c lm sch phi sy kh
-Thnh phn: Ch yu la antranoid,tanin,tinh bt, c bit l cn c cht m,ngoi ra cn c cht
bo,mui v c
-Cng dng: Lm mnh gn ct,b kh huyt,b gan thn, b mu lm en ru tc.Dng trong cc
trng hp: yu gan thn,suy nhc thn kinh, hoa mt,chng mt, nam gii yu sinh l,tc bc sm
-Cch dng: 6-12g/ngy/dng sc ngoi ra cn dng di dng ru thuc
11) Cy th hong lin
-Tn KH : Thalictrum foliolosum
-H hong lin :Ranunculaceae
-BPD: Dng thn r thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li ly thn r lm sch phi sy kh.phi
trong rm
-Thnh phn: Ch yu l alcaloid trong hot cht chnh l berberin
-Cng dng: st khun,tiu vim,thanh nhit,dng trong cc trng hp l trc khun,au hng,vim
gan v mt s bnh v mt
-Cch dng:4-12g/ngy/dng sc. ngoi ra c dng bt hay dng vin
12) Cy i hi
-Tn KH: Illicium verum Hook

- H hi: Illiciaceae
-BPD: Qa thu hi lc qu chn gi,lm sch,phi sy kh( trc khi phi sy nhng vo nc si
dit men c hi) phi trong rm,nhit thp
-Thnh phn: ch yu l cha tinh du,hot cht c bn l anethol hoc limonen,c cht nhy
,ng,du bo
-Cng dng: C tc dng tiu ha,tr lnh,chng co tht,c tc dng khai vi( ru perno) dng trong
cc trng hp: y bng,n ko tiu, au bng lnh ng c thc n,tiu chy,nn ma
- Cch dng:3-6g/ngy/dng sc.Dng dng ru thuc ,cn xoa bp. Hoc dng lm gia v
13) Cy tam tht
-Tn KH: Panax notoginseng F.H
-H nhn sm:Araliaceae
-BPD: Thng dng r c,thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li,ly r c phi sy kh,thng ly
cy trn 5 nm tui
-Thnh phn:ch yu l saponin,tinh du v alcaloid
-Cng dng: T/d cm mu,lu thng kh huyt,gim au ,tng cng sinh lc,tng sc khng, dng
trong cc trng hp: thiu mu,c th suy nhc,ung th d dy,ung th rut, cm mu trong mt s
trng hp chy mu
-Cch dng:3-9g/ngy dng sc,hm,cm ,ch
14) Cy vng nem
-Tn KH: Erythrina variegata Lin
-H u: Fabaceae
-BPD: L v v thn. L thu hi lc cy xanh tt.V thn ly lc cui ng sang xun tt c lm sch
phi sy kh
-Thnh phn: ch yu l alcaloid v saponin
-Cng dng: an thn,gy ng,b mu,dng trong cc trng hp:mt ng,kh ng,mu xu v thn
cn c tc dng phong t thp,st trung nh,thng kinh lc
-Cch dng: liu dng 5-10g/ngy dng sc, c th phi hp vi lc tin
15) Cy thanh hao hoa vng
-Tn KH: Artemisia annua Lin
-H cc: Asteraceae
-BPD: Dng thn cnh mang l v hoa ,thu hi l lc cy xanh tt,thu hi hoa lc hoa chm n v vo
bui sng,lm sch phi sy kh

-Thnh phn ch yu l alcaloid v tinh du hot cht chnh l Artemisinin


-Cng dng: lm nguyn liu chit xut Artemisinin bo ch thuc st rt dng trong cc trng
hp khng thuc st rt khc
16) Cy trng
-Tn KH: Eucomia ulmoides Oliv
-H trng: Eucomiaceae
-BPD: Dng v thn, bc vo cui ng sang xun(trnh lm cht cy)
-Thnh phn: ch yu c cht nha c tanin,c du bo,tinh du v mui v c
-Cng dng:tc dng b gan thn,mnh gn ct,an thai,gim au,chng vim,dng trong cc trng
hp:au lng,mi gi,ng thai,cao huyt p
-Liu dng:6-10g/ngy hoc dng ngm ru
17) Cy he
-Tn KH:Sophora japonica Lin
-H u : Fabaceae
-BPD :+) N hoa(he hoa)thu hi lc hoa chm n ly n hoa lm sch phi sy kh,phi trong rm
+) Qa gi( he gic) thu hi lc qu chn gi lm sch phi sy kh
-Thnh phn : ch yu trong thnh phn c hp cht glycosid hot cht chnh l rutin
-Cng dng :thanh nhit,cm mu,lm bn thnh mch, h huyt p,dng trong cc trng hp cao
huyt p v cm mu trong cc trng hp chy mu
-Cch dng :8-16g/ngy/dng sc hm,dng tr c th ung thay nc trong cc trng hp cao h/a
-Qa :ngoi tc dng nh n cn c t/d li gan mt,tng cng tiu ha dng trong cc trng
hp :tr,tim hi hp,vim rut,mt s bnh v mt
-Dng 6-9g/ngy dng sc,l nguyn liu chit xut rutin( bo ch cho cc thnh phn ca thuc)
18) Cy ngu tt
-Tn KH : Achyranthes bidentata Blume
-H rau dn: Amaranthaceae
-BPD:Dng r,thu hi lc b phn trn mt t tn li,ly r lm sch hi sy kh( nn sng sinh
trc khi phi sy kh).c mi thm c bit.,v ngot,mu vng tro
-Thnh phn :ch yu la saponin ngoi ra cn c t cht nhy,c rt nhiu loi mui kali
-Cng dng :t/d b gan,mnh gn ct,thng huyt mch.dng trong cc trng hp au xng
khp,phong t thp,ph n b kinh

-Cch dng :5-10g/ngy, c th phi hp vi v thuc khc.


Cu 9 :Hy nu tn,b phn dng,cng dng,cch dng ca cc nhm dc liu sau
1)Nhm cha bnh tim mch,cm mu
*)Cy ba gc hoa trng
-BPD : R
-Cng dng :An thn,h huyt p,dng trong cc trng hp cao h/a,dng di dng cao lng
-Cch dng :30giot/ngy chia lm 2 ln
*)Cy he
-BPD: N hoa v qu gi
-Cng dng: N hoa thanh nhit,cm mu,lm bn thnh mch, h huyt p ,dng trong cc trng
hp cao h/a,cm mu trong cc trng hp chy mu
-dng 8-16g/ngy dng sc,hm dng tr c th ung thay nc trong cc trng hp cao huyt p
-Qa gin: ngoi tc dng nh n hoa n cn c tc dng li gan mt,n nh ng tiu ha dng
trong cc trng hp: tr,vim rut,tim hi hp v mt s bnh v mt
-Dng: 6-9g/ngy dng sc
*)Cy da cn
-BPD: Ton cy tr gc r
-Cng dng,cch dng:h huyt p 15-20g/ngy/dng sc,ngoi ra cn phi hp vi cc loi thuc
khc iu tr ung th gan,ung th mu
-L da cn lm nguyn liu chit xut Vinblastin iu tr bch cu c hiu qu tt
*)Cy long no
-BPD:Dng g thn thn l chnh
-Cng dng,cch dng: c tc dng tr tim,st trng nh dc dng trong cc trng hp
chong,ngt,ho dng ngoi xoa bp trong cc trng hp chn tay mi nhc
-Lm nguyn liu pha thuc tr tim dng dung dch trong du v trong nc
*)Cy trc b
-BPD: l (trc b dip) v nhn ht(trc b t)
- Cng dng,cch dng:- L: mt mu,cm mu,tr phong thp,dng trong cc tr/h:chy mu cam,nn
ra mu,l v tiu tin ra mu,ph n bng huyt.Dng 5-10g/ngy/dng sc

-b t nhn:b m,nhun huyt mch,an thn,cm m hi,nhun trng,dng


trong cc tr/h:hi hp,tim p nhanh,mt nh,hay qun,ra nhiu m hi,to bn.Dng 3-10g/ngy
dng sc
2) Nhm cha bnh au d dy
*)Cy d cm
-BPD:ton cy tr gc r
-Cng dng: tiu vim,gim au,li tiu,gii c,lm chng n da non.dng trong cc tr/h:vim lot
ming li,lot d dy,rut.ra vt thng
-Dng:20-30g/ngy dng sc,c dng cao lng bao vt lot
*)Cy khi
-BPD:l
-Cng dng:c tc dng lm gim acid trong dich v d dy,gim au dng trong cc tr/h au d dy,
hi, chua do tha dich v
-Cch dng:40-80g/ngy/dng sc,c th phi hp vi mt s DL khc
*)Mai mc
-BPD: mai ca con c mc
-cng dng : cm mu,trung ha acid dich v,dng cha cc bnh au d dy do tha dch v,
chua,th huyt,ph n bng huyt,chy mu cam,dng ngoi cha vt thng l lot,chy nc
-Cch dng :ung 6-12g/ngy dng thuc sc,hay thuc bt,dng ngoi rc ln vt thng
*) Cu khng
-BPD :V ca nhiu loi bo ng
-Cng dng : cha au d dy do tha dich v,cm mu,cha mt au ko mng
-Ccch dng :3-6g/ngy dng thuc bt hoc 5-20g/ngy dang sc
*)Mu l
-BPD :V ca nhiu loi Hu,con hu
-Cng dng :an thn,cm mu,lm mm cc t chc,dng cha cc chng bnh nh au d dy do
tha dch v,ra m hi trm,di tinh,bng huyt,kh h,trng nhc
-Cch dng :9-30g/ngy dng sc hay dng bt
3) Nhm dc liu tr giun sn
*)cy b ng
-B phn dng: Dng ht, ly khi qu chn gi, lm sch phi sy kh.

-Cng dng: c t/d dit giun sn, c bit l sn mng. Dng ty giun sn.
(-) Ty sn: n sng sm (lc i) 100g ht b ng (sng), sau 2h ung nc sc ht cau (60-80g), sau
1/2h ung 1 liu thuc ty Mgso4(15g), sau cho bnh nhn ngi vo chu nc m -> kq sn b ra
(-) Ty giun: p dng nh ty sn, nng khng dng nc sc ht cau.
*)Cy cau:
-B phn dng: Dng ht (binh lang), dng v (i phc b) thu hi khi qu chn gi, lm sch phi
sy.
-Cng dng: Dit giun sn, l, trc khun, n khng tiu, ph thng ( nc). Dng t 3-10g/ngy
dng sc.
(-)Ty sn: n sng sm (lc i) 100g ht b ng (sng), sau 2h ung nc sc ht cau (60-80g), sau
1/2h ung 1 liu thuc ty Mgso4(15g), sau cho bnh nhn ngi vo chu nc m -> kq sn b ra
V qu cn c tc dng li tiu, tiu kh, dng trong cc trng hp ph thng, y bng, cc kh,
nn ma. Cch dng: dng 5-10g/ngy dng sc
*).Cy lu:
-B phn dng: V qu (thch lu b).
-Cng dng:C t/d lm sn se, tr giun sn, cm mu. s/d tr t l, giun sn, cm mu khi chy mu
(chy mu cam, tr ni, chn rng). Dng 5 10g/ ngy dng sc ra vt thng.
*).Cy S qun:
-B phn dng: Dng ht, thu hi khi qu chn gi, lm sch phi sy kh, p b v cng ly nhn
ht
-Cng dng: t/d b t, nhun trng, st khun, tr giun dng trong cc trng hp:giun a,giun kim,
tr em gy cm, vng da, bng to, chm ln
(*)Tr giun a, giun kim th dng 10g ung vo bui ti, ung 3 ti lin.
*).Cy keo giu:
-B phn dng: Ly ht-Cng dng: t/d tr giun a, giun kim dng ty giun a,giun kim. Dng
5-10g/ ngy dng sc, dng bt -> cho tr em
4) Nhm Dc liu cha l
*).Cy th hong lin:
-B phn dng: Thn r,
-Cng dng: st khun, tiu vim, thanh nhit, dng trong cc trng hp l trc khun, vim gan. L
nguyn liu trit sut Berberin. Dng 4-12g/ ngy dng sc, ngoi ra c dng bt, vin
*).Mc hoa trng:

-B phn dng: Dng v thn, cnh, ht. thu hi thn, cnh khi cy xanh tt, ly ht khi qu chn gi,
lm sch phi sy kh.
- Cng dng: c t/d dit k sinh trng amid v giun sn, c dng l amid v giun sn, ngay c th
kn. Dng 10g/ngy dng sc l v. Dng 3-6g/ngy dng sc nu l ht. Ngoi ra c dng bt,
vin. Nguyn liu trit sut ra Conessin
*) Hong ng
-BPD: L thn v r
-CD: tc dng khng sinh, dng cha l, au mt, vim rut,vim bng quang,mn nht,mn nga
-Cch dng: ung 6-12g/ngy dng sc
*) Hong b
-BPD: V thn, v cnh
-CD: khng khun mnh, thanh nhit, gii c, dng cha nhim trng (t, l) vim ruottj, vim hng,
au mt ,i tin ra mu
Cch dng: 6-12g/ngy dng sc, btLm nguyn liu trit sut ra Berberin
*) Ti
-BPD: Thn hnh (c)-CD: khng khun, khng nm, gim huyt p, gim cholesterol mu, gim
lipid mudng cha l amid, trc khun, giun kim, vt thng c m, huyt p cao, ho, tiu ha
km
Cch dng: 5-12g/ngy dng thuc sc, cn thuc (20-50 git)/ ngy. Chia 2-3 ln hay n sng.
*)Nha am t.
-BPD: Qu chn
-CD: t/d thanh nhit, gii c, dit k sinh trng-> dng cha l amid, st rt
-Cch dng: cha l amid: 4-16g/ngy chia 3 ln dng sc dng 3-7 ngy. Cha st rt: 3-6g/ngy
chia thnh 3 ln dng 4-5 ngy dng sc, bt. C th cha mn cm, trai chn bng cch gi nt p
5) Dcliu tc dng tiu c
*).Cy kim ngn:
-B phn dng: Dng hoa -> kim ngn hoa, . Dng cnh, l -> kim ngn cung
-Cng dng: gii nhit, gii c, tr mn nht, d ng, kch thch h min dch, h tiu ha. Dng
cha mn nht, nga, ban si, m ay, gi c
-cch dng: 12-16g/ngy dng sc, hm v phi hp vi dng thuc khc. Kim ngn cung dng
nc sc tm v ra mn nht
*)Cy Si t

-B phn dng: ton thn tr gc r


-Cng dng: t/d khng khun mnh vi nhiu loi vi khun, thanh nhit, gii c. Dng cha mn
nht, chc l, mn nga, sng v, mn u inh, st pht ban, tm cho tr em
-cch dng: 20-40g/ngy dng kh sc, Dng ti v cht ly nc ung hoc un nc tm
*) Cy k u nga:
-B phn dng: Dng qu gi (thng nh t). Cnh l (tng nh tho). Ly qu khi qu chn gi, ly
cnh l khi cy xanh tt, lm sch v phi sy kh
-Cng dng: Khng khun, tiu c, tn phong, gim tit dch mi. Dng cha mn nht, gh nga,
trng nhc, chy nc mi, thiu iod
-cch dng: cha mn nht: 6-12g/ ngy dng sc, cao thuc. Biu c: dng qu p dp hm ly
nc ung thay nc
*).B cng anh
-B phn dng: Dng l, thu hi khi cy xanh tt, ly l bnh t, lm sch phi sy kh
-Cng dng: thanh nhit, gii c khi mn nht, gh nga, inh c, vim v do tc tia sa, trng
nhc
-cch dng: 10-20g/ngy dng sc, dng l ti nu nc tm hoc gi nt p ln ch sng ty
*)Cy nc nc
-BPD: V thn,v cnh
-Cng dng:khng khun,khng vim,chng d ng,thanh nhit,gii c dng cha cc chng bnh d
ng,mn nga,chc l,vng da,ho,khn ting tr em ln si,pht ban,chn thng phn mm
-Dng:6-12g/ngy/dng sc
*)Sm i hnh
-BPD:Thn hnh
-Cng dng:hnh huyt,tiu c,khng khun,tiu vim rt tt,c dng cha hoa mt,nhc u do
thiu mu,vng da,vim hng,mun nht,l nga
-Cch dng:6-10g khoohoawcj 12-20g ti,dng thuc sc,hm,bt hoc vin
*)Xuyn tm lin
-BPD:Ton cy
-Cng dng:khng khun,thanh nhit,gii c,tiu vim,dng cha cc chng bnh: vim rut,vim
ng h hp,cm st,gii nhit,gii c,ph thng,pht st,vim phi,vim hng,rn cn
-Dng:2-3 ln mi ln 5-10g kh,10-20g ti dng sc,bt vin
6: Nhm dc liu cha bnh ph n

*)Cy ch mu
-BPD:Ton cy tr gc r v qu
-Cng dng:iu ha kinh nguyt,lu thng kh huyt,li tiu dng trong cc tr/h:kinh nguyt ko
u,au bng kinh,t huyt sau khi sinh n.Qa c t/d nh ton cy ngoaif ra cn lm sng mt,cha
bnh thin u thng
-Cch dng:8-16g/ngy/dng sc
Cao lng:ng 250ml dung30ml/ln dng 2 ln /ngy
*)Ngi cu
-BPD:Dng thn cnh mang l v ngn
-Cng dng:iu ha kh huyt,iu kinh,an thai,cm mu,dng trong cc tr/h: kinh nguyt ko
u,rong kinh,cm mu trong mt s tr/h chy mu
-Cch dng:6-12g/ngy/dng sc ngoi ra c dng cao hng ngi ng chai 250ml,dung30ml/ln 2
ln /ngy
*)Hng ph
-BPD:Thn r
-Cng dng:iu ha kh huyt,gim au,kin t v,dng cha cc chng bnh ph n kinh nguyt ko
u,au bng kinh,vim c t cung mn tnh,cc bnh ph n trc v sau khi sinh
-Cch dung:6-9g/ngy/dng sc
*)M hoa trng
-BPD:Thn cnh mang l
-Cng dng:chng vim,thanh nhit,gii c,tr thp,dng trong cc tr/h:ph n kinh nguyt ko
u,bch i,vim loet c t cung,vim mt,vng da,mun nht,l nga,au lng,mi gi,h/a tng
-Dng:12-16g/ngy dng sc,hon tn
*)Hng hoa
-BPD:Hoa
-Cng dng:tng co bp t cung,tng trng lc tim,tng h/a.dng trong cc tr/h:kinh nguyt ko
u,b kinh, huyt,t huyt do chn thng mn nht
-Dng:3-9g/ngy/dng sc
*)Gai
-BPD:R
-Cng dng:an thai,cm mu,thanh nhit,gii c,li tiu,khng khun dng trong cc tr/h:ng
thai,au bng,ra huyt,xch bch i,vim c t cung,mn nht

-Cch dung:16-20g/ngy dng sc,hon


*)H kh tho
-BPD: Cm qu ca cy
-Cng dng:mt gan,khng khun,li tieur,tiu vim,h h/a,dng trong cc tr/h:vim sng v,vim t
cung,vim da,vy nn,l nga,mn nhotjlao,trng nhc,h/a tng,nhc u,chng mt,au nhc mt
-Cch dng:9-15g/ngy dng sc.hoc dng ti gi dp ln ch sng ty
7)Nhm DL tc dng nhun gan,li mt
*)Cy ngh
-BPD:Thn r(c)
-Cng dng:nhun gan,li mt,st khun,chng vim,h h/a.dng trong cc tr/h:vim gan,vng
da,vim loet d dy v rut,c bit cho ph n sau khi sinh n
-Cch dng:4-12g/ngy/dng sc ngoi ra c dng vin,bt,kem ngoi da
*)Cy nhn trn
-BPD:thn cnh mang l v hoa
-Cng dng:nhun gan,li mt,li tiu khu phong tr thp dng trong cc tr/h:vim gan hong
n,tiu t,tiu c,tiu vng,dng cho ph n sinh n
-Dng:10-15g/ngy/dng sc.dng dng tr hm thay nc
*)Cy actiso
-BPD:L
-Cng dng:phc hi tb gan,tng chc nng chng c ca gan,phng nga x va ng mch,lm h
cholesterol,gim lipit mu,bo v gan,thng tiu tin,dng cha cc bnh v gan thn
-Cch dng: l actiso dungf6-12g/ngy dng sc,hm,siro thuc,cao lng,cao mm hay thuc tim
tinh cht l actiso
*)Dnh dnh
-BPD: Qa
-Cng dng:thanh nhit,lng huyt,li tieeurr,gii c,cm mu.dng cha cc chng bnh:v gan
mt,vng da,vim gan,st nng trong ngi,bun bc,th huyt,i tiu tin ra mu,mn nht
-Cch dng:6-12g/ngy/dng sc,dng ti.Dng ngoi gi p ln vt thng bm tm
8) Nhm DL c tc dng li tiu
*) Cy m
-BPD: Dng ton cy,tr gc r

-Cng dng:Thi tr ure,acid uric,mui,li tiu,khng khun,khng vim,dng trog cc tr/h:b tiu
tin ,ph thng,tiu ra mu,vim thn,vim bng quang,ho lu,ho ko di,dng ngoi p mn nht
-Cch dng:10-20g/ngy/dng sc
Ht :10-15g/ngy/dng sc
Sc ung thay nc hoc rc ln ch au
*)C tranh
-BPD: Dng thn r
-Cng dng:lm mt huyt,cm mu,li tiu,dng trong cc tr/h: ph thng,b tiu tin,i but,i
rc,st cao,st vng da
-Cch dng:9-30g/ngy/dng sc hoc dng ti
*)Trch t
-BPD:thn r
-Cng dng:li tiu,tr thp nhit,mt thn,tr t,l v b huyt cho ph n ang nui con,dng cha
cc chng bnh:b tiu tin,thy thng,vim thn,i tiu ra mu,i but,cc kh,bng y
trng,ph n t sa
-Cch dng:6-9g/ngy/dng sc,hon tn
*)Phc linh
-BPD:Qa
-Cng dng:li tiu,kin t,an thn,dng lm thuc cha cc chng bnh: b tiu tin,thy thng
trng mn,tiu ha km,tiu chy,bng y trng,km ng,chn tay mi,hi hp,lo u,
-Cch dng:9-15g/ngy/dng sc ,thuc bt
*) Ru ng
-BPD: Vi v nm nhy bp gi ca cy ng
-Cng dng:li tiu,tiu thng, thng mt,cm mu,dng trong cc tr/h: ph thng,i rt,i
but,vim ng tit niu,vim ti mt, vng da
-Cch dng:10-20g/ngy/dng sc or cao lng
*)T gii
-BPD: Thn r
-Cng dng:li tiu,khu phong,tr thp,dng cha cc chng bnh b tiu tin,nc tiu c,i
but,i rt,tiu c ,mn nht,au gn ct do phong thp
-Cch dng:12-18g dng sc or thuc bt

*)Thng tho
-BPD:Li thn
-Cng dng:li tiu,li sa,thng kh,thanh nhit,dng cha cc chng bnh:b tiu tin,thy
thng,tiu kh,
-Dng:3-5g/ngy dng sc or hon tn
*)Mc thng
-BPD:Thn leo
-Cng dng:li tiu,lu thng kh huyt,li sa,iu ha kinh nguyt,dng trong cc tr/h:b tiu
tin,thy thng,i rc,b kinh t sa v au khp
-Cch dng:3-6g/ngy, dng thuc sc

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