Professional Documents
Culture Documents
78
Chapter 3
TRV
CB
/ / /// //
Figure 3.1 Grnphical representation of an Electric Network illustrating the sources
of the Transient Recovery Voltage.
79
80
Chapter 3
2.
3.
4.
5.
81
L
i = .f'i. x f,ms. x ro x t
Where:
t == time in seconds
As it will be seen later this concept will be used extensively for the
calculation of Transient Recovery Voltages.
3.1.3 Traveling Waves and the Lattice Diagram
82
Chapter 3
along the line in parallel as is shown in figure 3.2. When an electrical system
is visualized in this fashion, it can be seen that if a voltage is applied to the
end of the line, the first capacitor will be charged immediately, and the
charging of the capacitors located downstream from the point where the
voltage was initially applied will be sequentially delayed as a consequence
of the inductors, that are connected in series between the capacitors. The
observed delay will be proportionally longer at each point down the line.
If the applied voltage is in the form of a surge signal that starts at zero
and that returns to zero in a short time, then it is reasonable to expect that
the voltage across the capacitors will reach a maximum value before
returning to zero. As this pattem is repeated, at each capacitor junction
point along the line, it can easily be visualized that the process serves as a
vehicle to propagate the applied surge in the form of a wave which moves
along the line. During the propagation of the wave, the original
characteristics of the surge signal remain basically unchanged in terms of
their amplitude and waveform.
Since, in order to charge the capacitors, at each connection point along the
line, a current must flow through the inductances that are connecting the
capacitors; then, at any point along the line, the instantaneous value of the
voltage e(t) will be related to the instantaneous value of the current i(t) by the
following relationship :
e(t) = Zi(t)
Where the constant of proportionality Z represents the surge impedance
of the line, which is given by:
83
):
KRS = -1
KTS = O
KRo = + l
Kro =+2
The back and forward moving waves will pass each other undisturbed along
the line, and the potential at any point along such line is obtained by adding
the potentials of all the waves passing through the point in either direction.
With the aid of a lattice diagram. figure 3.3, it is possible to keep track of
all waves passing through a given point al a given moment. A lattice
diagram, can be constructed by drawing a horizontal line from "a" to "b"
which
84
Chapter 3
"a"
"b"
INCIDENT WAVE
2T
3T
2nd.
4T