Cpted 2012

Crime Prevention
Through Environmental
Design (CPTED)
IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE
Reka Bentuk Bandar Selamat
Panduan Pelaksanaan
Department of Town and Country Planning,

Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Malaysia
Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia
Published 31 August 2012
Copyright Unit Khas NKRA Bandar Selamat

This Implementation Guide is prepared based on the recommendation of
NKRA Lab: Reducing Crime which was held on 5 October to 19 November
2009 to raise public safety. The Safe City Program consist of 3 Strategies and 15
Measures for crime prevention. This Implementation Guide supports Strategy
1: Environmental Design Initiatives and Measure 2: Crime Prevention through
Environmental Design (CPTED).
Unit Khas NKRA Bandar Selamat

Jalan Cenderasari,
50646 KUALA LUMPUR
www.townplan.gov.my
03 2698 9211
iii
PROCEDURE FOR USE OF CRIME
PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE
This Manual is prepared to show the procedure for the use of the Implementation
Guide for Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED).
The Circular from the Secretary-General of the Ministry of Housing and Local
Government No. 5 Year 2009, Uniform Template for Document Check-list and Detailed
Check-list for Outside Technical Agencies for Development Approval Process through
One-Stop-Centre (OSC) has outlined several document check-lists and detailed
check-lists as guide and reference for applicants preparing development proposals
for Planning Permission proposals, Building Plans, Engineering Plans and Landscape
Plans.
This CPTED Implementation Guide is for reference during the planning, design and
implementation stages of a development proposal. This includes the design of the
layout plan, building plan, engineering plan, landscape plan, and issuance of the
Certicate of Completion and Compliance (CCC). The concept, guidelines and checklists in this Implementation Guide help the Local Authorities and technical agencies in
checking the development proposals, and ensure the applicant incorporates CPTED in
development proposals for crime prevention (refer Table 1).
iv
Development Type
General Guide (page)
Check List (page)
15
21
27 - 29
43 - 44
47
51
55
57
16 - 20
22 - 26
30 - 42
45 - 46
48 - 50
52 - 54
56
58 - 60
15
21
47
16 - 20
22 - 26
48 - 50
27 - 29
30 - 42
51
49
52 - 54
APPLICATION FOR PLANNING PERMISSION

a. Layout design
b. Building design
c. Access and pedestrian path
d. Landscape and elements of urban design
e. Car park
f. Lighting
g. Security devices
h. Management and maintenance
BUILDING PLAN APPLICATION
a. Layout design
b. Building design
c. Car park
APPLICATION FOR ROAD AND BUILDING PLAN
Access and pedestrian path
APPLICATION FOR STREET LIGHTING PLAN
a. Car park
b. Lighting
Development Type
General Guide (page)
Check List (page)
43 - 44
47 (v)
40 - 42
45 - 46
-
Installation of Lift / Escalator G11

a. Building design
21
26
Building G12
a. Building design
21
22 - 26
27 - 29
30 - 42
15
55
20
56
27 - 29
30 - 42
APPLICATION FOR LANDSCAPE PLAN

a. Access and pedestrian path
b. Landscape and elements of urban design
c. Car park
APPLICATION FOR CCC (Site Visit)
Sewerage Reticulation G14

Outdoor Electricity Supply System G16
a. Layout design
b. Security devices
Roads and Drainage G17
Street Lighting G18
a. Lighting
51
52 - 54
Telecommunication G20
7 & 29
33 - 36
Landscape G21
a. Landscape and elements of urban design
b. Management and maintenance
43 - 44
57
45 - 46
58 - 60
vi
CHART ON PROCESS OF USE
IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR CPTED
vii
LIST OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CPTED CONCEPT
CPTED PRINCIPLES
3
4
5
Natural Surveillance
Natural Access Control
Territorial Reinforcement
Maintenance & Management
CPTED STRATEGY
CPTED USERS
DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS
8
9
10
Layout Design
Access and Pedestrian Path
Landscape and Elements of Urban Design
Car Park
Lighting
Security Devices
Management and Maintenance
GENERAL GUIDE AND CHECK LIST
Layout Design
Building Design
Access and Pedestrian Path
Landscape and Elements of Urban Design
Car Park
Lighting
Security Devices
15
21
27
43
47
51
55
57
2
URBANIZATION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Aim of Guide
Occurrences of Crime
This Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Implementation Guide is prepared to support Measure 2:
Implementation of Environmental Design for Safe City under
Strategy 1: Environmental Design Initiatives, Safe City Program
2010.
Several studies which have been undertaken on victims abroad

have provided evidence that rapid urbanization seems to be the
major factor in increasing the the rate of crime. A crime will only
occur if three basic elements are present which are the criminal,
the victim and the environment/ situation which provide the
opportunity for the criminal.
This guide contains a summary of concepts, general guidelines

and a CPTED check-list. This check-list can be used as a guide
during the preparation and checking of development layout
plans and building plans as well as evaluating the progress and
implementation of projects on the site.
When is CPTED applicable?

Concepts and principles of CPTED should be incorporated at the
planning and designing of layout and building plans stage for
all types of developement. CPTED also can be implemented in
existing areas especially at areas which are unsafe and exposed to
crime.
Source: DSP Research and Consultancy, Netherlands, 2000 (pg. 4)

CPTED CONCEPT
CPTED CONCEPT
CPTED is based upon the idea that the detailed and eective
design of the physical environment can inuence human
behaviour from committing a crime as well as reducing the fear of
crime and the incidence of crime while increasing the quality of
the environment and the quality of life.
The concept of CPTED has been applied in the planning of cities
abroad such as New York, Glasgow, Adelaide, Melbourne, Seoul,
Singapore and others. Studies have proven that CPTED is eective
in reducing the crime rate as follows:
i. Reduction of crime on petty traders by as much as 50% for

petty thefts and 65% for robberies;
ii. An average of 15-100% reduction of drug sales, house breakins and other crimes within certain communities in the United
States of America and Canada;.
iii. Reduction of molestation crimes among school children;
iv. Increase in benets, productivity and quality of life of
community; and
v. Reduction of cost and resources through ecient design by
implementing natural strategies compared to management
and mechanical strategies (Source: Sinclair Knight Merz,
Nusajaya Security Training 2008).
CPTED PRINCIPLES
Natural surveillance for car parking areas
CPTED PRICIPLES
Source:
Adapted and modied from Crime

Prevention Through Housing Design,
edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (pg.48)
There are 4 universal principles in CPTED used by the international community as

below:
Natural Surveillance
The main aim of this principle is to increase the awareness of the public through eyes on
the street approach towards the criminal and subsequently reducing the condence of
the criminal to commit the crime.
Natural surveillance means the ability of the environment to create a clear and wide
opportunity for surveillance from various angles, whether indoors or outdoors, by the
residents or security guards through the design and location of windows, lobbies or
doors of buildings.
CPTED PRINCIPLES
Natural Access Control
Territorial Reinforcement
Access control aims to prevent a person

from entering an area or premises where
he should not be. Access control can be
implemented through the use of doors
with security cards, fencing, landscaping
and other physical means.
The main aim of territorial enforcement

is to show ownership of an area. A clear
distinction between between public and
private territory can be marked out through
the use of physical elements such as fencing,
doorways, landscaping and others.
Boundary division with landscaping
Use of security card
Source: Adapted and modied from Crime Prevention Through Housing Design,
edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (pg.48)
CPTED PRINCIPLES
Back lanes which are not maintained
Drug addicts den in neglected public park
Abandoned houses can breed crime
Communication pole becomes a tool for criminals

to break into houses
Underground walkway which is not maintained
Overhead walkway with view obstructed by

advertisement and roong
Maintenance and Management

This principle emphasizes the need
to maintain and manage the area and
buildings regularly and continuously
by the management, occupants,
owners and community. The presence
of a deteriorated or abandoned site or
building can breed criminal activities
such as drug addiction and other antisocial activities.
CPTED STRATEGY
CPTED STRATEGY
All the principles of CPTED can be implemented through 3 strategies which are:
i. Natural surveillance is facilitated through the design of space, provision of landscape
and windows or doors which face public areas.
ii. Mechanical surveillance is facilitated through the use of electronic and mechanical
equipment such as lighting, CCTV, security mirrors, security alarm and others; and
iii. Organised surveillance is facilitated through police patrol, security guards or residents
associations.
For the best design technique, these three strategies are implemented in an integrated
manner, with priority given to the natural surveillance strategy at the early stage of
environmental design to reduce the costs of rehabilitation of the area in the future.
Natural surveillance
CCTV which uses solar energy
Mechanical surveillance
(security mirror)
Organised surveillance
CPTED USER
CPTED USER
CPTED users comprise of citizens who reside in the designed
spaces as well as various agencies which are involved directly
during the preparation of the layout plans / building plans and
during progress evaluation and implementation of the project at
the site.
i. Public (Citizens)
The public are the main users and clients in the designed
spaces. The feedback from the residents regarding crime issues
can be the basis for environmental design.
ii. Designers (Town planners, Architects, Landscape
architects, Engineers, Surveyors, Interior designers)
All designers should refer to the CPTED Implementation Guide
when designing the layout or building plans for all types of
development.
iii. State Authorities (SAs), Local Authorities (LAs) and Local
Planning Authorities (LPAs) and Government Agencies
SAs, LAs, LPAs and the relevant government agencies
play an important role to ensure the implementation of
the CPTED concept especially in the process of granting
planning permission and approving building plans as well as
raising awareness of the community towards creating a safe
environment through CPTED.
iv. Royal Malaysian Police (RMP)

The RMP plays an important role as an advisor in the design of
the layout of a development so as to prevent the occurrence of
crime.
v. Non-Government Organisations (NGO) and Agencies
Non-government organisations and agencies as well as
residents apply the concept of CPTED to plan and to carry out
activities which can reduce crime such as education and public
awareness, establishing neighbourhood watch and so on.
vi. Developers
Developers play the role of incorporating the concept of
CPTED in all types of development.
10
The seven development components
identied to implement the CPTED
concept:
Layout Design
i. Mixed Development
Mixed development consists of
residential, commercial, industrial and
public space development activities.
Mixed development is strongly
encouraged to create an active and
busy environment throughout the day.
Objectives:
Activate the area with various land
use activities such as residential
activities, shops, restaurants, oces,
public space, cultural activities,
recreational activities and so on
Create natural surveillance and
improve security in the area
especially in places at high risk of
crime; and
Increase the sense of belonging and
awareness of the community and
environment.
ii. Activity Generation

Encourage activities that are allowed to
draw attention of the local community
such as night market, alfresco caf,
restaurants, sports and recreation, and
so on.
Objective:
Enhance safety of the surroundings
and natural surveillance through
the eyes on the street approach.
iii. Entrapment spot and dead end

Entrapment spots are spaces that are
deserted, isolated and surrounded.
Designs should avoid creation of
entrapment spots especially in car
parks, pedestrian walkways, dead-end
roads or backlanes.
Objective:
Prevent hideouts for criminals and
threats from criminals / intruders.
11
Clear view of space
iv. View of space

Provide clear, maximised and unobstructed
view of space at short and long distance,
especially for areas surrounding the
pedestrian walkways. Large pillars,
fences that are not transparent, poorly
maintained shrubs and other obstacles
near the pedestrian walkways can create
hideouts for criminals / intruders to
threaten or attack the public.
Avoid entrapment spots in the design
Objectives:
Facilitate the detection of criminals;
and
Reduce the fear of becoming a victim
of crime.
Source: Adapted and modied from Crime Prevention Through Housing Design,
edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (m.s.27)
12
Car Parks
The provision of parking areas should
emphasize on safety measures such as
car parking lots facing towards business
premises and has good lighting.
Objektives:
Increase safety and reduce criminal
incidents; and
Increase natural surveillance
Access and Pedestrian Walkways

Access includes roads and pedestrian
walkways consisting of tunnels, pedestrian
bridges and narrow lanes. Isolated and
narrow pedestrian tunnels are not allowed
in new development areas. However, for
existing pedestrian tunnels, overhead
bridges and narrow lanes, security
measures such as adequate lighting and
installation of safety mirrors must be
implemented. Use of clear signage as
direction indicator and reminder has to be
planned in an integrated manner so that
the user is not confused and is wary of the
surrounding area.
Objective:
Prevent or reduce road and pedestrian
walkways that are separated, quiet,
hidden and trapped.
Soft Landscaping and Urban

Design Element
The use of soft landscaping (trees, shrubs,
tree fences and vegetation ground
cover) and elements of urban design /
hard landscaping covers all types manmade structures such as street furnitures,
pedestrian walkways, gazebos, foutains,
garden lamps, statues and so on, can be
used to determine public and private
boundaries by reference to the National
Landscape Guidelines 2008.
Objective:
Create an environment that is userfriendly, safe and attractive
Use as a barrier to prevent snatch
thefts; and
Acting as a border separator, junction
indicators, bend indicators and
directional guide.
13
Lighting
The provision of bright lighting especially

at night allows an individual to be able
to see or be seen clearly. Bright lighting
can reduce public fear especially in car
parks, bus stops, ATM machines and so on.
Lighting should be at a level that allows a
persons facial features to be identied in
normal vision and assist the CCTV system
to monitor crime areas more eectively.
Areas belonging to residential, commercial,

industrial, infrastructure and utilities, and
places of public concentration which are
owned by the government, government
agencies, personal and private sectors
should be maintained regularly and
periodically to enhance the level of safety,
for example, pruning of lush trees, clearing
of bushes that obstruct lighting, CCTV and
public view, and also rehabilitation of areas
/ buildings that are abandoned.
Objectives:
Prevent existence of dark and dimmed
space; and
Enable criminals / intruders to be easily
recognised and identied.
Security Devices
Security devices include safety mirrors,
security alarm, CCTV and warning sign
boards.
Objective:
Provide reminder, awareness and
warning to the public to be vigilant.
Objectives:
Prevent existence of dilapidated and
abandoned area / buildings; and
Enhance safety level
14
GENERAL GUIDE
Mixed development which is suitable for

encouraging interaction among residents and
creating a sense of security
LAYOUT DESIGN
15
LAYOUT DESIGN
i. Design integrated layout for mixed
development. Development should be
contiguous and not separated to create
an active environment, with better natural
surveillance and population interaction
during the day and the night.
ii. Design layout of neighbourhood that has a
clear sight line and orderly.
iii. Diversify housing types to meet the needs
of the residents from various socioeconomic levels.
iv. Provide parks and public places in a
conspicuous location and within walking
distance according to Guidelines on
Community Facilities, 2000.
v. Potential places of crime should be seen
clearly by the user from adjacent buildings.
Parks and public places in front of the building increase the level of natural surveillance
16
CHECK LIST 1:
LAYOUT DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
LAYOUT DESIGN
i. Each neighborhood unit must have a 400 metres walking distance
from the neighbourhood centre.
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Layout design must be clear and orderly.
Industrial Area
Justication:
Public facilities
Establish a network of pedestrian walkways that are separated

from motor lanes, continuous and integrated.
Increase higher level of natural surveillance.
Create walkable community and enhance social cohesion.
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Community facilities
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Town
Centre
High density development in

and around town centre
Source: David Prior, City of Melbourne, November 2006

Open Space
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 1:
LAYOUT DESIGN
ii. Avoid marginalised, isolated and trapped space.
Dead end roads (cul-de-sac) shall be straight and not exceeding
75 m. This requirement does not conict with the planning standards
of 150 m and requirement of Uniform Building By Laws (UBBL) 91.4 m
for dead end roads.
Avoid public facilities such as childrens playgrounds, public toilets
and garbage depots in remote locations.
Justication:
Identify strangers easily.
Increase natural surveillance.
Enhance the quality of the environment.
Create a sense of belonging to the environment.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
17
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Design of dead end roads (cul-de-sac) not exceeding 75 m eases

identication of strangers
18
CHECK LIST 1:
LAYOUT DESIGN
iii. Layout design has to create:
i. Natural surveillance.
ii. Promote visibility from dierent angles.
Create corner shop, stalls and mobile or permanent kiosks at

appropriate location of public conservation areas
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Designs that can improve natural surveillance
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 1:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
LAYOUT DESIGN
iv. Buildings should face the central parking area.
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
19
REMAKS
Residential Area
Justication:
Facilitates monitoring and surveillance of the public towards the
parking area that can be the location of thefts and burglaries.
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Road
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Road
Road
Religious
Central car parking area

20
CHECK LIST 1:
LAYOUT DESIGN
v. Position of public toilets, prayer room, and other public use area must
be planned in an integrated and wholeness manner in the building as
well as not isolated and easily seen
Justication:
Increase natural surveillance from the public and avoid public toilets
from being the location of rape incident and abandoned babies.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
BUILDING DESIGN
21
BUILDING DESIGN
The design of the building facade that does not block the view
i. Building design should provide space that is open, unhidden

and with high visibility.
ii. Have a clear distinction between private, semi-private and
public space.
iii. Building fencing does not block the view to the public space.
iv. Ensure the design and location of elements such as dividing
wall, rubbish disposal places, low roof or tree branches does
not help with the criminal activities.
v. Develop dilapidated / abandoned areas with appropriate
activities to prevent being a criminal hideout.
vi. Create activities that encourage walking in areas of high and
medium density.
22
CHECK LIST 2:
BUILDING DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF BUILDING PLAN)
BUILDING DESIGN
i. Building design must:
Ensure doors, windows, house foyer of the residential property

faces the road, open space and car parking area.
Ensure doors, windows, house foyer of the building faces the road.
Avoid blind wall.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 2:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
BUILDING DESIGN
ii. Length of car porch for a 2-storey house and above must not exceed
10 feet from the building line.
Justication:
Facilitates monitoring towards the gate from the main bedroom /
front of the upper level of the house
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
23
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Length of car
porch must not
exceed 10 feet
from the building
10
Post Oce
Security
Religious
10
24
CHECK LIST 2:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
BUILDING DESIGN
iii. Ensure that fencing wall / separator wall does not exceed 5 feet.
Enclosed space allowed not exceeding 2 feet from ground level (refer
to gure below). Design of the fence should be transparent and
dicult to climb.
Residential Area
Justication:
Facilitate monitoring and viewing by neighbours/ residents/users
Public facilities
50% transparent
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Enclosed
space 2 feet
Fence height
5 feet
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 2:
BUILDING DESIGN
iv. Emergency stairs or stairs to the car parking area inside the building
must be clearly visible from outside and inside of the building.
Justication:
Facilitate monitoring from the public and prevent the stairs from
becoming hiding location.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
25
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
26
CHECK LIST 2:
BUILDING DESIGN
v. Elevator doors and walls must be transparent.
Justication:
Increase the visibility of the public from outside and inside of the
elevator to prevent incidence of crime.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
Width of vehicle lane should be suitable with the level
27
Bright lighting along the road and needs of

development

i. Width of the road must comply with
existing guidelines adopted by the
Local Authority.
ii. Road network must be inter-connected
and has clear hierarchy. Dedicated
pedestrian walkway is separated from
motorised lanes.
iii. Ensure that new and existing roads
have connectivity so that there is no
separation between old and new areas.
iv. Ensure that the hierarchy and design
of the road is suitable to the type of
development and speed limit allowed.
v. Pedestrian walkway is not encouraged

to be connected to the dead end road.
vi. Provide lighting in dark areas along the
street and pedestrian walkway at the
appropriate distance and height.
vii. Maintenance of access and pedestrian
walkway regularly and constantly so
as to be in good and clean condition
to raise public condence that the said
area is well-maintained and safe to use. Pedestrian walkways which are safe, comfortable
and easily visible
28
viii. The provision of through road which

passes through residential area to the
surrounding area is not allowed.
ix. Access roads should be limited and
controlled (not exceeding 2 access points)
for each development (refer to Planning
Guidelines on Gated Community and
Guarded Neighbourhood for details).
x.
Provide connected pedestrian walkways
in residential areas, neighbourhood
centres, business area and areas of public
concentration for the comfort of the
pedestrians.
xi. Ensure pedestrian walkways are provided
on both sides of the road especially in
areas of public concentration.
xii. Provide pedestrian walkways that can be
visible directly from nearby premises and is
not obstructed by any structure.
xiii. Avoid space that is concealed, hidden and
space that can increase the potential for
crime on the pedestrian walkways.
xiv. Provide pedestrian walkways that can
obtain optimal natural lighting during the
day but comfortable to the users through
the provision of appropriate shade and
landscaping element.
xv. Bicycle lanes should be separated from
vehicle lanes (available next to the
pedestrian walkway but has a separate
lane).
xvi. Avoid design of telecommunication
service system that encourages
criminals to commit crime. For example,
telecommunication poles with steps.
Pedestrian walkways which are safe, comfortable and easily visible

xvii. Overhead bridges are not covered by

any object such as signages, banners,
advertisement board, trees and
billboard, as well as having bright
lighting and a clear view.
xviii. Underground walkways are not
allowed to prevent criminal acts.
xix. Identify high prole zones (bank
activities, money changers, jewellers,
shops operating 24 hours) to ease
police monitoring and enable the
sharing of security devices (CCTV,
security alarm, trac calming).
Communication poles with steps
Trapped space in overhead bridge
29
Dedicated bicycle lanes
High prole zone

30
CHECK LIST 3:
ACCESS AND PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
ACCESS
i. Sharp bends and steep gradients should be avoided.
Sharp bends are not allowed.

For steep corners, a set back of no less than 20 feet must be
provided.
For existing development, safety device has to be provided such
as safety mirror, trac signages and so on.
Landscaping plants that obstruct views of tight corners must be
pruned.
Justication:
Sharp corners will create entrapment spots that generate criminal
incidents.
Sucient setback will improve visibility ahead.
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Cutting Earth
Area
Education
Original Ground Level
Road Centre Line
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Road Formation Level
Security
Religious
Setback
6.1 m (20 feet)
Source: Planning Guidelines for Development in Hilly and Highland Areas, 2009
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 3:
ACCESS
ii. Road network system should have a clear view of space.
Justication:
Increase clarity of front view.
Increase the natural surveillance of road users towards criminal
incidents.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
31
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Clear front view of space
32
CHECK LIST 3:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
ACCESS
iii. Restrict access at backlanes and sidelanes of the building (existing
residential development).
Restrict access with the installation of temporary bollards and
guardrail.
Justication:
Improve the safety level of residents from burglary.
Restrict motor vehicle access
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Temporary Road
Bollards
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 3:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
ACCESS
iv. For new development, the concept of terrace houses without
backlanes are encouraged through a number of alternatives:
a) Alternative 1: Without backlanes (Section 33 UBBL)
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
33
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
b) Alternative 2: Backlane as a landscaped pedestrian walkway
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Source: Draft Planning Guidelines for Backlane, 2010
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Backlane as green area
34
CHECK LIST 3:
ACCESS
Renovation of the back of the house up to the boundary lot is not

allowed
Encourage backlane / sidelane as green area
Utility lane as wide as 5 feet in front of the building
Residential road reserve a minimum of 50 feet
Length of a row of houses not exceeding 75 metres or (8 units of
houses in one row of terrace houses)
Justication:
Environment that is safer and of better quality
Fire safety can be improved.
Increase natural surveillance.
Enhance neighbourhood community cohesion.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Utility facilities in front of the house
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 3:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
ACCESS
v. For existing commercial area (shop house / shop oce), buildings
converted to double frontage and street mall concept in backlanes
and sidelanes is encouraged.
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
35
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Ubah suai kepada double frontage
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Jalan
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Jalan
Health
Laluan pejalan kaki
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Lorong belakang diubah suai menjadi Street mall
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Back view of the shop

(Double Frontage)
Front view of the shop

(Double Frontage)
36
CHECK LIST 3:
ACCESS
vi. Trac calming measures are provided to control the speed of trac
and safety of area such as road humps and speed table.
Justication:
Slow down the speed of vehicles in any incidence of crime.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 3:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
ACCESS
vii. Design of strata housing should provide one entrance and one
exit. The rst gate is used as the main entry and exit and the second
gate is used as an escape route which is opened in the event of an
emergency (refer to Planning Guidelines on Gated Community and
Guarded Neighbourhood).
For non-strata housing schemes, only two access roads for entrance
and exit are encouraged.
Justication:
More eective and ecient supervision of vehicle access.
Facilitate surveillance by CCTV.
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
37
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Source: Planning Guidelines on Gated Community and

Guarded Neighbourhood, 2010
38
CHECK LIST 3:
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
viii. Pedestrian bridges and yovers are not obstructed by objects like
signages, banners, signboards, trees and outdoor signs.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 3:
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
vix. For new business development:
Row of shops are encouraged to use the concept of double

frontage, street mall and free standing building.
Five-foot way designed for row of shops is widened to 10 feet
for pedestrians. The pedestrian walkways must be levelled and
without any steps.
Design of row of shops without any ve-foot way is also
encouraged to provide pedestrian walkways of 10 feet wide (this
proposal does not conict with the guidelines of the National
Landscape Department, 2008 that is at a distance of 12 feet).
Encourage one-way streets in business areas.
Encourage high prole zones (bank activities, moneychangers,
goldsmith shops, 24 - hour convenience shops)
Justication:
Improve consumer safety.
Expand the views and improve the level of natural surveillance.
To facilitate police monitoring.
Encourage cost savings via sharing of safety equipment such as
CCTV, trac calming, security alarms and others.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
39
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Wide pedestrian walkways in front of shops

40
CHECK LIST 3:
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
x. Provide connected and uninterrupted pedestrian walkways in
residential areas, public facilities and communities of 1.52 metres
wide (5 feet) and unobstructed by any permanent structures.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 3:
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
xi. Pedestrian walkways should be separated from motorised lanes with
a buer zone or street furniture such as:
Bollard;
Railing;
Planting landscape; and
Kerb of 90 degrees
For existing developed areas, use of street furniture at pedestrian
walkways acts as an obstruction to snatch thefts.
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
41
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Height:
Railing is 1 m 1.1 m.
Bollard is 0.9 m.
Height should be tailored to
human scale.
Security
Religious
Setback:
Railing and bollard is placed
0.3 m from kerb.
42
CHECK LIST 3:
PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
xii. Elements of urban design along pedestrian walkways buer zone
should not hinder public view.
Height of small plants (shrubs) and hedges, street furniture or railings
should not exceed 0.9 m (3).
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Source:
Adapted and modied from Crime Prevention Through

Housing Design, edited by Paul Stollard 1989 (pg.53)
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN
43
Safe landscape
LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS

OF URBAN DESIGN
i.
Ensure the siting of street furniture provide comfort to users and

decreases the opportunities for crime.
ii. Plant hedges with a height of not more than 0.9 m (3) along
pedestrian walkways in areas requiring high natural surveillance.
This requirement does not conict with Section 36 of the Street,
Drainage and Building Act.
iii. Avoid planting of trees near to windows and roof of buildings.
iv. Avoid planting trees or plants that can cover doors and windows,
obstruct lightings, signboards, CCTV and other security systems.
v. Ensure signboards have bright colours with easily comprehensible
graphics and according to standards.
44
LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN
vi. Locate signage at strategic locations such as main access,

entrances and at node of activities.
vii. Encourage the use of multi-functional street furniture. For
example, a lamp post could also be used for installation of
signage, CCTV and others.
viii. Use suitable structures and durable building materials that
are not easily vandalised.
Strategically located signboards that are easily visible, large, clear and brightly colored.
CHECK LIST 4:
LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
LANDSCAPE
i. Elements of soft and hard landscape provided must:
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
45
REMAKS
Residential Area
Not obstruct sight line;

Comply with Guidelines of the National Landscape Department;
and
Take into account the height of matured trees.
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Minimum height of lower branches of average or big tree should be

2.0 m (6) above ground.
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Small plant (shrub) should not be higher than 0.9 m (3).
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
2.0 m
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
0.9 metre
(3 feet)
Security
Religious
Trees should be pruned so as not to obstruct views, endangering

motorists and pedestrians.
46
CHECK LIST 4:
LANDSCAPE AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

ii. Signboard or signages provided must have:
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Information that is clear and easily read;

Regular and frequent maintenance;
Made of durable and vandal proof material; and
Does not obstruct view and pedestrian walkways.
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Jarak
Perletakan
Pandangan
(Jarak papan
Terhadap
tanda dari
Papan Tanda
lokasi sebenar) Yang Disyorkan
Kelebaran
Jalan
Saiz Ukuran
Papan Tanda
Minimum
30 m
1.1 mp
180-245 m
75 m
30 m dan 20 m
3 mp
100-180 m
60 m
20 m, 12.2 m
15.2 m
0.5 mp 0.7 mp
45 100 m
60 m
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Source: Garis Panduan Perancangan Papan Iklan Luar, 2009
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
0.9 m
1.5 m
Religious
Signage at predestrian walkways

APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CAR PARKING
Car park is within easy view from the Landscaping with plants in car parks should not hinder
street and nearby buildings.
public view.
47
Separate pedestrian walkways at car park areas.
CAR PARKING
i. The size of car parks provided must be
according to the specications of the
Local Authority.
ii. Car parks should be designed within
easy view from the street and nearby
buildings as well as optimising the use
of natural day-light.
iii. Car parks should be within reach from
nearby premises to enable easy natural
surveillance and convenience to the
user.
iv. Provide on-street car parking as a
pedestrian barrier from motorised
lanes.
v. Provide suitable element of urban

design such as soft landscaping
(shrubs) and hard landscaping
(bollards, railings, signages) as a buer
to separate motorist lanes or pedestrian
walkways with on-street car parks with
clear boundaries.
vi. Avoid hidden spots which can increase
the potential occurrence of crime in car
parking areas.
vii. Avoid provision of car parking areas
isolated from main human activities
and away from continuous and natural
surveillance of public.
viii.Provide security features such as CCTVs,

security mirrors, warning signs and
security guards in areas of weak natural
surveillance and security.
ix. Regular and continuous maintenance
of car parks to increase public
condence level.
48
CHECK LIST
SENARAI
SEMAK
5: 5:
TEMPAT
CAR
PARKING
LETAK (DURING
KENDERAAN
CHECKING
(SEMASAOF
SEMAKAN
LAYOUT PELAN
PLAN) SUSUN ATUR)
CAR PARKING
i. Centralised car parking should be designed facing the building or
areas with high concentration of human activities.
Justication:
Increase natural surveillance and safety.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Example of car parks located within easy view from the street and nearby
buildings.
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Centralised car parking area should have natural surveillance and be

within clear view from nearby buildings.
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 5:
CAR PARKING (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)
CAR PARKING
ii. Car parks must be properly and adequately lit.
Justication:
Provide a sense of security to users and increase fear of oenders
to commit a crime.
Improve level of visibility of drivers and pedestrians to avoid
accidents.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
49
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
50
CHECK LIST 5:
CAR PARKING (DURING CHECKING OF LAYOUT PLAN)
CAR PARKING
iii. Motorcycle parking bays should be provided at areas wihin easy view,
main access routes and not isolated.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Motorcycle parking bays with locking system is encouraged.
Industrial Area
Justication:
Reduce incidences of motorcycle thefts.
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
LIGHTING
51
LIGHTING
i. Provide adequate lighting to backlanes,
hidden and dark places.
ii. Ensure streets and pedestrian walkways
have optimum natural light during the
day.
iii. Provide adequate lighting during the
night so that the face of a person can
be seen from a distance of 10 m and
clearly recorded by CCTV.
Brightly lit areas with clear visibility
52
CHECK LIST 6:
LIGHTING (CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL OF STREET LIGHTING PLAN & SITE INSPECTION)
LIGHTING
i. Provide lighting on back and side lanes, front of buildings, pedestrian
bridges and bus-stops.
Justication:
Enable natural surveillance during the night.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 6:
LIGHTING
ii. Bright and overlapping lighting should be provided to ensure the
face of a person is easily identiable at a distance of 10 metres (32
feet) and clearly recorded on CCTV.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
53
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Avoid dark spaces
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Source: Draft on Lighting Implementation Guide, 2007
54
CHECK LIST 6:
LIGHTING
iii. Lighting should be provided at existing entrapment areas.
Justication:
Increase the visibility and safety of the public.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Provide lighting to entrapment spot at night
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
SECURITY DEVICES
55
SECURITY DEVICES
i. Security devices such as CCTV, panic button, security mirror
and warning signboard should be provided along pedestrian
walkways, at junctions or intersections between motorised lanes
and pedestrian walkways, places of high population, high prole
areas and crime prone areas as well as areas with weak natural
surveillance.
ii. Install security devices infrastructure around and inside the
building premises.
Security devices
56
CHECK LIST 7:
SECURITY DEVICES (CONDITIONS FOR APPROVAL OF LAYOUT PLAN & SITE INSPECTION)
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
SECURITY DEVICES
i. Security devices such as security alarm, emergency telephone, CCTV,
security mirror, panic button, warning signboard and information
should be provided accordingly:
Areas or places without clear visibility space;

Potential and existing areas exposed to crime;
Entrapment areas;
Population concentration areas; and
Security devices should be designed with durable materials that
cannot be easily vandalised.
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Security devices
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE
Unoccupied and abandoned buildings should be fenced up
57
Unkempt residential and commercial premises

i. Ensure that all areas and public or private buildings are properly
managed and maintained.
i. Encourage planned monitoring such as security guards, rukun tetangga,
RELA, community policing to improve safety in an area.
iii. Ensure the design of the premises and surrounding areas do not require
regular maintenance and high cost.
58
CHECK LIST 8:
MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE (SITE INSPECTION)

i. Ensure that landscape plants and elements of urban design do not
require regular maintenance and high cost.
Justication:
The Local Authority or residents associations may maintain and keep
the surrounding areas in good order to create a sense of belonging.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
Landscape with plants that require low maintenance

APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS
CHECK LIST 8:

ii. Improved surveillance could be provided through rukun tetangga,
community policing or security services.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
59
REMAKS
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
60
CHECK LIST 8:

iii. Signages for housing estates, roads and buildings should be clearly
seen and easily read.
APPLICABLE TO LAND
USE ACTIVITY
Residential Area
Commercial Area
Industrial Area
Public facilities
Recreational Park/
Public/
Open Space
Public Transport
Terminal
Public Toilet
Flyover
Pedestrian Bridge
Health
Education
Community Hall
Public Library
Welfare
Post Oce
Security
Religious
APPLICATION
STATUS
( / X)
REMAKS

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Crime Prevention

Reka Bentuk Bandar Selamat

Department of Town and Country Planning,

Published 31 August 2012

Copyright Unit Khas NKRA Bandar Selamat

Unit Khas NKRA Bandar Selamat

General Guide (page)

Check List (page)

APPLICATION FOR PLANNING PERMISSION

General Guide (page)

Check List (page)

Installation of Lift / Escalator G11

APPLICATION FOR LANDSCAPE PLAN

Sewerage Reticulation G14

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR CPTED

This Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Several studies which have been undertaken on victims abroad

This guide contains a summary of concepts, general guidelines

When is CPTED applicable?

Source: DSP Research and Consultancy, Netherlands, 2000 (pg. 4)

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

i. Reduction of crime on petty traders by as much as 50% for

Natural surveillance for car parking areas

Adapted and modied from Crime

There are 4 universal principles in CPTED used by the international community as

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Natural Access Control

Access control aims to prevent a person

The main aim of territorial enforcement

Use of security card

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Back lanes which are not maintained

Drug addicts den in neglected public park

Abandoned houses can breed crime

Communication pole becomes a tool for criminals

Underground walkway which is not maintained

Overhead walkway with view obstructed by

Maintenance and Management

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

CCTV which uses solar energy

iv. Royal Malaysian Police (RMP)

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

ii. Activity Generation

iii. Entrapment spot and dead end

Clear view of space

iv. View of space

Avoid entrapment spots in the design

Access and Pedestrian Walkways

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Soft Landscaping and Urban

Management and Maintenance

The provision of bright lighting especially

Areas belonging to residential, commercial,

Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia

Mixed development which is suitable for

Layout design must be clear and orderly.

Establish a network of pedestrian walkways that are separated

High density development in

Source: David Prior, City of Melbourne, November 2006

Design of dead end roads (cul-de-sac) not exceeding 75 m eases

Create corner shop, stalls and mobile or permanent kiosks at