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A. OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT
1. To examine the amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying (FSK) in digital
techniques.
2. To investigate the generation and reception of ASK and FSK process.
B. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
1. Emona Telecoms Trainer 101
2. Oscilloscope and Patch leads
3. Dual Channel Oscilloscope
C. SUMMARY OF THEORY
In amplitude Shift keying, logic levels are represented by different amplitudes of signals. Usually, one
amplitude is zero for logic digital logic zero while is logic 1 represented by the actual amplitudes of
some sine wave signal. Figure 1 shows the expected waveforms in ASK. Note that the ASK signals
envelopes are the same shape as the data stream (although the lower envelope is inverted). Recovery of
the original data at the receiving end can be implemented using a simple envelope detector and filters.
Figure 3
Figure 4
Part C Restoring the recovered digital signal using a comparator
1. Set-up the connection for block diagram shown in Figure 5.
2. Refer Figure 2 and Figure 3 for ASK generation and envelope detection.
3. Set the Variable DCV modules Variable DC control to about the middle of its travel. Compare the
signals. If theyre not the same, vary the Variable DCV modules Variable DC control until they
are.
4. Monitor the digital input signal and the restored signal.
Figure 5
Part D Generating a FSK signal
1. Set the scopes Trigger Source control to the EXT position.
2. Set the scopes Trigger Source Coupling control to the HF REJ position.
3. Set the scopes Channel 1 and Channel 2 Input Coupling controls to the DC position.
4. Locate the VCO module and set its Gain control to about half its travel.
5. Set the VCO modules Frequency Adjust control to about a quarter of its travel (about the position
of the number 9 on a clock face).
6. Set the VCO modules Range control to the LO position.
7. Locate the Sequence Generator module and set its dip-switches to 00. Tip: To do this, push both
switches up.
8. Connect the set-up shown in Figure 6 below.
Note: Insert the black plugs of the oscilloscope leads into a ground (GND) socket.
Figure 6
9. Set the scopes Timebase control to the 0.5ms/div position.
10. Set the scopes Mode control to the DUAL position to view the Sequence Generator modules
output and the FSK signal out of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator module.
11. Compare and monitor the Ch 1 and Ch 2 output signals. Determine the mark and space frequency.
VCO
RECTIFIER
out
out
sine
IN
IN
Figure 7
Part F Restoring the recovered data using a comparator
This experiment shows that the comparator is a useful circuit for restoring distorted digital signals.
The next part of the experiment lets you use a comparator to clean-up the demodulated FSK signal.
1. Set-up as shown in Figure 8 below.
2. For FSK generation and FSK demodulation: Follow the Figure 6 and Figure 7.
3. Note the amplitude of the filtered signal into the COMPARATOR. It varies from about 0 volts to a
maximum level.
4. Set the Variable DCV modules Variable DC voltage output to a level which is half of the level. This
signal is setting the threshold voltage of the COMPARATOR.
Figure 8
E.
F. DISCUSSION
1.
2.
Why is the recovered digital signal not a perfect copy of the original?
3.
4.
How does the comparator turn the slow rising voltages of the recovered digital signal into sharp
transitions?
5.
Can ASK/FSK modulation technique be used for high data rate long range wireless transmission?
Explain why?