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Here the desired load is a car battery with rating of about 40AH. Since the charging
current of a battery should be 10% of the battery rating, the required charging current would
be around 4A.
2.
Now the required transformer secondary current would be around 1.8*4, i.e. approx 8A
current. Since required load voltage is 12V, we can settle for a transformer with 12V/8A
rating. Now the required RMS value of AC voltage is around 12V, the peak voltage would
be around 14.4V, i.e.15V.
3.
Since here we are using a bridge rectifier, the PIV for each diode should be more than
four times the peak AC voltage, i.e. more than 90V. Here we select diodes 1N4001 with PIV
ratings of about 100V.
4.
Since here we are also designing a regulated power supply, the maximum allowable
ripple would be equal to the capacitor peak voltage minus the required minimum input
voltage for the regulator. Here we are using a voltage regulator LM7812 to provide a
regulated 5V supply to the relay and the 555 Timer. Thereby the ripple would be around 4V
(Peak voltage of about 15V and input regulator voltage of around 8V). The filter capacitor
value would thus be calculated to be around 10mF.
Designing of the feedback and load section involves selection of resistors for the voltage divider
section. Since the diode will conduct only when battery voltage reaches 14.4V, the values of
resistors should be such that the positive voltage fed to the diode is at least 3V when battery
voltage is around its maximum.
Keeping that in mind and with necessary calculations we select a 100 Ohm potentiometer and
other resistors of 100Ohms and 820 Ohms each.
Also Read the Post Solar Battery Charger Circuit Working and Applications
1.
This circuit is portable and can be used at places where AC voltage supply is available.
2.
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