The University of Sydney

School of Mathematics and Statistics

Assignment
MATH1903: Integral Calculus and Modelling (Advanced)

Semester 2, 2015

Lecturers: Florica-Corina Cirstea and Anne Thomas

Instructions to students:
This assignment counts for 10% of your overall assessment for MATH1903.
The assignment has 2 questions, and all questions are weighted equally.
You should submit this assignment by giving it to your tutor in your regular
MATH1903 tutorial in Week 10, Tuesday 6 October.
Your answers should be well written, neat, thoughtful, mathematically concise, and a
pleasure to read. Please show all working, and present your arguments clearly. After
all, mathematics is about communicating your ideas. This is a skill that takes time
and effort to master.
Your tutor will give you feedback and allocate an overall letter grade to your assignment using the following criteria:
A+ : Outstanding and scholarly work, answering all parts of all questions, with
clear and accurate explanations and working, appropriate acknowledgement of
sources (if necessary), and at most minor or trivial errors or omissions.
A: Very good work, making excellent progress on all questions, but with one or two
substantial errors, misunderstandings or omissions throughout the assignment.
B: Good work, making good progress on all questions, but making more than
two distinct substantial errors, misunderstandings or omissions throughout the
assignment.
C: A reasonable attempt, making substantial progress on most parts of the 2 questions.
D: Some attempt, with substantial progress made on only 1 question.
E: No substantial progress made on either of the 2 questions.

Please turn over for the assignment questions. Enjoy!

c 2015 The University of Sydney

Copyright

1.

(a) Let a and b be real numbers with a < b, and let f be a function which is Riemann
integrable on [a, b]. Using Definition 1.6 in the course notes, prove that for any real
number c, the function cf is Riemann integrable on [a, b], and
Z

Z
cf (x) dx = c

(b)

f (x) dx.
a

(i) Suppose that a function f is Riemann integrable and increasing on [1, ).

Prove that for all integers n 2,
Z n
f (x) dx f (2) + + f (n).
f (1) + + f (n 1)
1

(ii) Now take f from part (i) to be the function f (x) = ln x, and deduce that for
all integers n 2,
(n + 1)n+1
nn

n!

.
en1
en
(iii) You are given that for all integers n 2,
(n + 1)n+1
nn+1

.
en
en1

n
1
n!
= .
Use this inequality and part (ii) to show that lim
n n
e
2.

(a) Let P : [0, A] R be a continuous function, where A > 0 is a constant.

If 0 (x) P (x) (x) on [0, A], show that

Z x
P (t) dt
for all x [0, A].
(x) (0) exp
0

(b) Consider the three initial-value problems

du

= u2 ,
u(0) = 1,

dx

dy
= x + y 2 , y(0) = 1,

dx

dv = 1 + v 2 , v(0) = 1.
dx
Assume that [0, A] is an interval for which all three problems exist.
(i) Without solving the equations, explain why u(x), y(x) and v(x) are all greater
than or equal to 1 for all x [0, A].
(ii) Find explicitly the solutions of the differential equations satisfied by u and v
(including their initial condition). In particular, observe that A < 1.
(iii) Using (a), show that u(x) y(x) v(x) for all x [0, A]. (Hint: For the first
inequality, define = y u.)

(c) Imagine an object of mass m thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth
with initial velocity v0 . We will calculate the value of v0 , called the escape velocity,
with which the object can escape the pull of the gravity and never return to earth.
Suppose v is the velocity of the object (measured upwards) at time t. Since the
object is moving far from the surface of the earth, we must take into account the
variation of gravity with altitude. If the acceleration due to gravity at sea level is g,
the gravitational force, F , on the object of mass m at an altitude h above the surface
mgR2
, where R is the radius of the earth.
of the earth is given by F =
(R + h)2
(i) Use Newtons Law of Motion to explain why
dv
gR2
=
.
dt
(R + h)2

(1)

(ii) Using the chain rule, rewrite equation (1) with h instead of t as the independent
variable and show that
gR2
dv
=
.
(2)
v
dh
(R + h)2
(iii) Solve the differential equation in (2).
(iv) Find the escape velocity, the value of v0 such that v is never zero.