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Cementing-OptiCem Analysis
Overview
Cementing can be used to optimize cementing operations and minimize
the possibility of costly cementing errors.
In this section of the course, you will become familiar with all aspects
of using the Cementing-OptiCem module, including:
Available analysis modes
Defining operating parameters
Defining cement fluids
Calculating centralizer placement
Defining the cement job
Defining analysis parameters
Analyzing results
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Workflow
Activate Cementing by clicking the
button.
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Be careful that you dont enlarge the wellbore in the Hole Diameter field and then
again using the Volume Excess % field.
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Use Case > Fluid Editor to define cement spacers by specifying the
basic characteristics of the fluid.
You dont need to activate the
spacer. Spacer use is specified
using Parameter > Job Data.
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Use Case > Fluid Editor to define cement slurries by specifying the
basic characteristics of the fluid.
You dont need to activate the
cement. Cement use is specified
using Parameter > Job Data.
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Note: Mud
Erodibility
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Analyzing Results
Results for the Cementing analysis are presented in plots, tables and a
report. All results are available using the View menu.
Use the View > Plot > Circ Pres and Den - Frac Zone plot to
determine the circulating pressure fluid volume pumped at the fracture
zone specified on Parameter > Additional Data.
The circulating pressure during the displacement
stage exceeds the fracture pressure.
These lines indicate when the
various stages occur.
Fracture
pressure
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The View > Plot > Comparison of Rates In and Out plot displays the
total annular return rate and corresponding pump rate versus the fluid
pumped into the well. This data may be correlated with information in
the Volume and Rates Calculations table in the Cementing Report.
(View > Report)
Differences between the two rate curves indicates free fall without
nitrogen injection. If free fall occurs and the well goes on vacuum, the
rate out will initially exceed, and then fall below, the planned pumped
rate.
Use the View > Plot > Calculated Wellhead/Surface Pressure plot to
view the pressure changes as varying density fluids are pumped at
varying rates through the well. If the Surface Iron option was selected
(on the Case > Cement Circulating System dialog) this graph is titled
Calculated Surface Pressure. This data may be correlated with
information in the Volume and Rates Calculations table on the
cementing report.
The calculated wellhead pressure is lower than pump pressure because
of the hydrostatic head and friction in the lines between the pump and
cementing head.
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A horizontal graph line along the x-axis indicates free fall. Often, as the
majority of the cement moves from the casing to the annulus, the slope
of this curve beings to increase. Usually, it continues to increase as the
heavier cementing fluids are forced up the annular gap.
Because the circulating pressure exceeds the fracture pressure using the
rates specified on the Parameter > Job Data dialog, you can allow the
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The View > Plot > Comparison of Rates In and Out plot displays the
total annular return rate and corresponding pump rate versus the fluid
pumped into the well. This data may be correlated with information in
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Use View > Foam Schedule dialog to calculate and view the Foam
Pumping Schedule. This dialog lists liquid volume and gas rates of the
fluids left in the annulus at the end of the simulation. The calculated
hydrostatic pressure for the frac zone and reservoir zones are displayed
at the bottom of the table. The frac zone and reservoir zones are
specified using the Parameter > Additional Data dialog.
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Notice that some of these fluids may not be foamed. Some fluids may
not appear in this report if they were pumped completely out of the
annulus.
If an error occurs during the calculation process, an error dialog appears
displaying a description of the error. When you finish reading it, click
OK. The Error dialog and the Calculate dialog close so you can begin
working on solving the source of the error.
These are design depths (as specified on the Job Data dialog) and may not be the actual
depths. Review the View > Final Density and Hydrostatic plot for accurate cement
locations.
Click Calculate to ensure
you are looking at accurate
results.
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Checking Results
If TOC is....
then do this:
Low
Light
Low
Acceptable
Low
Heavy
Low
Light
Acceptable
Acceptable
Do nothing.
Acceptable
Heavy
Acceptable
Heavy
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Light
High**
Acceptable
High**
Heavy
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