Ms en 1993 1 1 2010 Malaysia National Annex To Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures Part 1 1 General Rules and Rules For Buildings PDF

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MALAYSIAN
STANDARD
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
(NATIONAL ANNEX)
MALAYSIA NATIONAL ANNEX TO

EUROCODE 3: DESIGN OF STEEL
STRUCTURES - PART 1-1: GENERAL RULES
AND RULES FOR BUILDINGS
ICS: 91.010.30, 91.080.10

Descriptors: eurocode, design, steel structures, rules, building
Copyright 2010
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS

The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national
standards and accreditation body of Malaysia.
The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,
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standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy,

promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of
the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and
furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.
Malaysian Standards (MS) are developed through consensus by committees which
comprise balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others with
relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. To the greatest
extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international
standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the
Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 [Act 549]. Malaysian Standards are reviewed
periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are
made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or
any other similar ways.
STANDARDS MALAYSIA has appointed SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop,
distribute and sell the Malaysian Standards.
For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:
Department of Standards Malaysia
OR
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Level 1 & 2, Block 2300, Century Square
Jalan Usahawan
63000 Cyberjaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA
SIRIM Berhad
(Company No. 367474 - V)
1, Persiaran Dato Menteri
Section 2
40000 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA
Tel: 60 3 8318 0002

Fax: 60 3 8319 3131
http://www.standardsmalaysia.gov.my
Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

Fax: 60 3 5510 8095
http://www.sirim.my
E-mail: central@standardsmalaysia.gov.my
E-mail: msonline@sirim.my
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation ..........................................................................................................ii

Foreword.................................................................................................................................... iii
NA0
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
NA1
Scope............................................................................................................................ 1
NA2
Nationally Determined Parameters .............................................................................. 1
NA3
Decisions on the status of informative annexes ........................................................... 7
NA4
References to non-contradictory complementary information (NCCI) ......................... 8
Table NA1 Recommendation for the selection of lateral torsional buckling curve for cross
sections using equation (6.57) ............................................................................... 5
Table NA2 Vertical deflection limits ......................................................................................... 6
Table NA3 Horizontal deflection limits ..................................................................................... 7
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 9
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
Committee representation
The Industry Standards Committee on Building, Construction and Civil Engineering (ISC D) under whose authority
this Malaysia National Annex was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Department of Standards Malaysia
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
National Housing Department
Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
The Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
The Technical Committee on Code of Practice for Design of Steel Structures which developed this Malaysia National
Annex was managed by The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) in its capacity as an authorised StandardsWriting Organisation and consists of representatives from the following organisations:
Alpine Pipe Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Association of Consulting Engineers, Malaysia
BlueScope Lysaght (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Malaysian Structural Steel Association
M. C. Hee & Associates
Megasteel Sdn Bhd
Melewar Industrial Group Berhad
Shin Eversendai Engineering (M) Sdn Bhd
SSM Associates Sdn Bhd
STAMsteel Sdn Bhd
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (Secretariat)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universiti Malaya
YL Design Consultancy Services
ii
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
FOREWORD
The Malaysia National Annex was developed by the Technical Committee on Code of
Practice for Design of Steel Structures under the authority of the Industry Standards
Committee on Building, Construction and Civil Engineering. Development of this national
annex was carried out by The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia which is the StandardsWriting Organisation (SWO) appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for structure.
This Malaysia National Annex shall be used together with MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Eurocode 3:
Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
Acknowledgement is given to BSI for the use of information from UK National Annex to
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.
iii
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
MALAYSIA NATIONAL ANNEX TO MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, EUROCODE 3:

DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - PART 1-1: GENERAL RULES AND
RULES FOR BUILDINGS
NA0
Introduction
This national annex has been prepared by the Technical Committee on Code of Practice for
Design of Steel Structures. In Malaysia, it shall be used in conjunction with MS EN 1993-11:2010, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings.
NA1
Scope
This national annex gives:

a) the Malaysia decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters described in the
following subclauses of MS EN 1993-1-1:2010:
-
2.3.1(1)
3.1(2)
3.2.1(1)
3.2.2(1)
3.2.3(1)
3.2.3(3) B
3.2.4(1) B
5.2.1(3)
5.2.2(8)
5.3.2(3)
5.3.2(11)
5.3.4(3)
6.1(1)
6.1(1) B
6.3.2.2(2)
6.3.2.3(1)
6.3.2.3(2)
6.3.2.4(1) B
6.3.2.4(2) B
6.3.3(5)
6.3.4(1)
7.2.1(1) B
7.2.2(1) B
7.2.3(1) B
BB.1.3 (3) B
b) decisions on the status of MS EN 1993-1-1:2010 informative annexes; and

c)
references to non-contradictory complementary information (NCCI).
NA2
Nationally Determined Parameters
NA2.1
General
Decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters decided in MS EN 1993-1-1:2010 are

given in NA2.2 to NA2.26.
NA2.2
Actions and environmental influences [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 2.3.1(1)]
There are no additional regional, climatic or accidental situations to consider.

NA2.3
Other steel material and products [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.1(2)]
If other steels are used, due allowance should be made for variations in properties, including
ductility and weldability. Further information on the ductility requirements for steel is given in
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.2(1).
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
Steel castings and forgings may be used for components in bearings, junctions and other
similar parts. Castings should conform to BS EN 10293 and forgings should conform to BS
EN 10250-2. Further guidance on steel castings is given in reference [8].
For higher strength steels see BS EN 1993-1-12.
Further information on other steel material may be found in Clause NA4.

NA2.4
Material properties [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.1(1)]
The nominal values of the yield strength fy and the ultimate strength fu for structural steel
should be those obtained from the product standard. The ultimate strength fu should be taken
as the lowest value of the range given for Rm in the product standard. Further information on
the yield and ultimate strength for structural steel is also given in Clause NA4.
NA2.5
Ductility requirements [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.2(1)]
a) Elastic global analysis

The limiting values for the ratio fu/fy, the elongation at failure and the ultimate strain u for
elastic global analysis are given below:
fu/fy 1.10;
elongation at failure not less than 15 %; and
u 15y.
b) Plastic global analysis
Plastic global analysis should not be used for bridges. For buildings the limiting values for the
ratio fu/fy, the elongation at failure and the ultimate strain u for plastic global analysis are
given below:
fu/fy 1.15;
elongation at failure not less than 15 %; and
u 20y.
NA2.6
Fracture toughness [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.3(1)]
For buildings and other quasi-statically loaded structures the lowest service temperature in
the steel should be taken as the lowest air temperature which may be taken as 20 C.
For bridges the lowest service temperature in the steel should be determined according to the
NA to BS EN 1991-1-5 for the bridge location. For structures susceptible to fatigue it is
recommended that the requirements for bridges should be applied.
In other cases (e.g. the internal steelwork in cold stores, highland areas) the lowest service
temperature in the steel should be taken as the lowest air temperature expected to occur
within the intended design life of the structure.
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
NA2.7 Toughness properties for members in compression [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,

3.2.3(3)B]
The recommendations given in the NA to BS EN 1993-1-10 should be used.
NA2.8 Through-thickness properties [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.4(1)B]

The recommendations given in the NA to BS EN 1993-1-10 should be used.
NA2.9 Effects of deformed geometry of the structure [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 5.2.1(3)]
For plastic analysis of clad structures provided that the stiffening effects of masonry infill wall
panels or diaphragms of profiled steel sheeting are not taken into account:
cr 10
For plastic analysis of portal frames subject to gravity loads only with frame imperfections:
cr 5
provided the following conditions are satisfied:
a) the span, L, does not exceed 5 times the mean height of the columns; and
b) hr satisfies the criterion:
(hr /sa)2 + (hr /sb)2 0.5
in which sa and sb are the horizontal distances from the apex to the columns.
NOTE. For a symmetrical frame this expression simplifies to hr 0.25L.
NA2.10
Structural stability of frames [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 5.2.2(8)]
This method should only be used for frames that comply with 5.2.2(6). In such cases the sway
moments in the beams and beam-to-column connections should be multiplied by kr, unless a
smaller value is shown to be adequate by analysis. kr may be evaluated using the following
expression provided that cr 3.0:
kr =
cr
1-
NA2.11 Design values of initial local bow imperfection [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,

5.3.2(3)]
The values given in Table 5.1 shall be applied.
NOTE. It is allowed to use different values from the values of Table 5.1 if it is proved by documented analysis that the
required safety level of the Eurocode can be reached even with the use of the more accurate values.
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
NA2.12
Amplitude of imperfections [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 5.3.2(11)]
The method given in MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 5.3.2(11) should not be used for buildings.
NA2.13 Imperfections for lateral-torsional buckling in bending [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,

5.3.4(3)]
The value of k should be taken as 1.0.
NA2.14 Partial factors for structures not covered by BS EN 1993 Part 2 to Part 6 [MS
EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.1(1)]
For structures not covered by BS EN 1993 Part 2 to Part 6, the partial factors should be
appropriate for the structure and agreed with the client.
NA2.15
Partial safety factors for buildings [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.1(1)]
For buildings the following partial factors should be used:

M0 = 1.00
M1 = 1.00
M2 = 1.20
NA2.16 Imperfection factors for lateral torsional buckling [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,
6.3.2.2(2)]
The recommended values given in MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Table 6.3 and Table 6.4 should be
used.
NA2.17 Lateral torsional buckling for rolled sections or equivalent welded sections
[MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.3(1)]
For buildings and bridges the following values of LT,0 and should be used:
a) For rolled sections and hot-finished and cold-formed hollow sections:
LT,0 = 0.4
= 0.75
b) For welded sections:
LT,0 = 0.2
= 1.00
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Table 6.5 should be replaced by Table NA1
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
Table NA1. Recommendation for the selection of lateral torsional buckling curve for
cross sections using equation (6.57)
Cross-section
Limits
Buckling
curve
Rolled doubly symmetric I and H sections and hot-finished

hollow sections
h/b 2
2.0 < h/b 3.1
h/b > 3.1
b
c
d
Angles (for moments in the major principle plane)
All other hot-rolled sections
Welded doubly symmetric sections and cold-formed hollow

sections
NA2.18
h/b 2
2.0 h/b < 3.1
c
d
Modification factor f [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.3(2)]
The recommended expression for f should be used in which kc is given in Table 6.6.
Alternatively, kc is given by:
kc =
1
C1
where,
M
C1=
cr
cr
for the actual bending moment diagram

for a uniform bending moment diagram
values of C1 are given in the references listed in Clause NA4.

NA2.19
The slenderness limit c0 [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.4(1)B]
For I, H, channel and box sections used in buildings the value of c0 should be taken as 0.4.
NA2.20
Modification factor kfl [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.4(2)B]
The value of the modification factor kfl should be taken as:

kfl = 1.0 for hot rolled I-sections;
kfl = 1.0 for welded I-sections with h/b 2; and
kfl = 0.9 for other sections.
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
NA2.21
Interactions factors kyy, kyz, kzy and kzz [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.3(5)]
The interaction factors kyy, kyz, kzy and kzz for doubly symmetric sections may be determined
using either alternative Method 1 (given in MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex A) or alternative
Method 2 (given in MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex B). Alternative Method 2 (given in MS EN
1993-1-1:2010, Annex B) may also be used for sections that are not doubly symmetric when
modified in accordance with NA3.2.
NA2.22 General method for lateral and lateral torsional buckling of structural
components [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.4(1)]
This method is only valid for nominally straight components subject to in-plane monoaxial
bending and/or compression.
In this method op should be taken as the minimum value of and LT. Where is determined
in accordance with MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.1 for lateral buckling and LT is determined in
accordance with MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2 for lateral torsional buckling.
NA2.23
Vertical deflections [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 7.2.1(1)B]
Table NA2 gives suggested limits for calculated vertical deflections of certain members under
the characteristic load combination due to variable loads and should not include permanent
loads. Circumstances may arise where greater or lesser values would be more appropriate.
Other members may also need deflection limits.
On low pitch and flat roofs the possibility of ponding should be investigated.
Table NA2. Vertical deflection limits
Descriptions
Vertical deflection limits
Cantilevers
Length/180
Beams carrying plaster or other brittle finish
Span/360
Other beams (except purlins and sheeting

rails)
Span/200
Purlins and sheeting rails

NA2.24
To suit the characteristics of particular

cladding
Horizontal deflections [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 7.2.2(1)B]
Table NA3 gives suggested limits for calculated horizontal deflections of certain members
under the characteristic load combination due to variable load. Circumstances may arise
where greater or lesser values would be more appropriate. Other members may also need
deflection limits.
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
Table NA3. Horizontal deflection limits
Descriptions
Horizontal deflection limits
Tops of columns in single-storey buildings

except portal frames
Height/300
Columns in portal frame buildings, not

supporting crane runways
To suit the characteristics of the particular

cladding
In each storey of a building with more than

one storey
Height of that storey/300
NA2.25
Dynamic effects [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 7.2.3(1)B]
Reference should be made to specialist literature as appropriate. For floor vibrations see
Clause NA4.
NA2.26 Hollow section buckling lengths in lattice girders [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,
BB.1.3(3)B]
The recommended values may be used and further information is given in Clause NA4.
NA3
Decisions on the status of informative annexes
NA3.1
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex A
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex A may be used. The scope of Method 1 given in Annex A

should be limited to doubly symmetric sections.
NA3.2
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex B
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex B may be used.

Where applied to sections that are not doubly symmetric z and z should be taken as the
values of and from the highest value of T to MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.1.3 or to MS
EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.1.4.
Where the sections are not I, H or hollow sections Class 1 and Class 2 sections should be
designed as Class 3 sections.
NA3.3
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex AB
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex AB may be used.

NA3.4
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex BB
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, Annex BB may be used.
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
NA4 References to non-contradictory complementary information

(NCCI)
References cited in this national annex to non-contradictory complementary information

(NCCI) can be found at www.steel-ncci.co.uk, SIRIM Berhad and The Institution of Engineers,
Malaysia.
Whilst this material is likely to be technically authoritative, not all of it has been reviewed by
the UK national committee nor the Malaysian Technical Committee, and users should satisfy
themselves of its fitness for their particular purpose. In particular, they should be aware that
material indicated as not having been endorsed by the committee might contain elements that
are in conflict with the Eurocode.
MS EN 1993-1-1:2010
Bibliography
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced documents (including any amendments) applies.
[1] NA to BS EN 1991-1-5, UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-5: Plated structural elements
[2] BS EN 1993 (Parts 2 to 6), Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures
[3] NA to BS EN 1993-1-10, UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness properties
[4] BS EN 1993-1-12, Eurocode3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-12: Supplementary
rules for high strength steels
[5] BS EN 10025-2:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery
conditions for non-alloy structural steels
[6] BS EN 10250-2, Open steel die forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 2: Nonalloy quality and special steels
[7] BS EN 10293, Steel castings for general engineering uses
[8] Castings in steel construction, SCI publication P 172, The Steel Construction Institute,
Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7QN
Acknowledgements
Members of Technical Committee on Code of Practice for Design of Steel Structures

Assoc Prof (UiTM) Ir. Dr Sooi Took Kwong
(Chairman)
Ir. Teoh Teik Seng (Secretary)
Ir. Lee Kee Bau
Ir. Azmi Kassim
Ir. Koh Wei Sang
Ir. M. Ramuseren
Ir. Gnana Sekaran Doraisamy
Mr Kelvin Tee Wee Hock
Ir. Mat Jusoh Mamat
Mr Albert Quah
Ir. M C Hee
Mr Sabrudin Suren/Ir. R. Shantini
Ir. Chin Shyi Her
Mr Kandasamy Govindaraj @ K G Raj
Ir. Haji Shan Suleiman
Ir. Keh Chin Ann
Ir. Mun Kwai Peng
Assoc Prof Dr Khalim Rashid
Dr Nor Hafizah Ramli @ Sulong
Prof Dr Shahrin Mohamad/
Assoc Prof Dr Ahmad Baharuddin Abd Rahman
Ir. Tu Yong Eng
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia/

Universiti Teknologi MARA
Alpine Pipe Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
Association of Consulting Engineers,
Malaysia
BlueScope Lysaght (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Malaysian Structural Steel Association
M. C. Hee & Associates
Megasteel Sdn Bhd
Melewar Industrial Group Berhad
Shin Eversendai Engineering (M) Sdn Bhd
SSM Associates Sdn Bhd
STAMsteel Sdn Bhd
Universiti Malaya
YL Design Consultancy Services
External Technical Advisors

Dr Leroy Gardner
Prof Dr N. E. Shanmugam
Imperial College, London

Copyright 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the Department of Standards Malaysia.

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Licensed to University College of Technology Sarawak / Downloaded on : 24-Nov-2014 10:28:01 AM / Single user license only, copying and networking

MALAYSIA NATIONAL ANNEX TO

ICS: 91.010.30, 91.080.10

DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS

standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy,

Tel: 60 3 8318 0002

Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

Committee representation ..........................................................................................................ii

Nationally Determined Parameters .............................................................................. 1

Decisions on the status of informative annexes ........................................................... 7

References to non-contradictory complementary information (NCCI) ......................... 8

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

MALAYSIA NATIONAL ANNEX TO MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, EUROCODE 3:

This national annex gives:

b) decisions on the status of MS EN 1993-1-1:2010 informative annexes; and

references to non-contradictory complementary information (NCCI).

Nationally Determined Parameters

Decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters decided in MS EN 1993-1-1:2010 are

Actions and environmental influences [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 2.3.1(1)]

There are no additional regional, climatic or accidental situations to consider.

Other steel material and products [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.1(2)]

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

Further information on other steel material may be found in Clause NA4.

Material properties [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.1(1)]

Ductility requirements [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.2(1)]

a) Elastic global analysis

Fracture toughness [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.3(1)]

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

NA2.7 Toughness properties for members in compression [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,

NA2.8 Through-thickness properties [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 3.2.4(1)B]

Structural stability of frames [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 5.2.2(8)]

NA2.11 Design values of initial local bow imperfection [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

Amplitude of imperfections [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 5.3.2(11)]

NA2.13 Imperfections for lateral-torsional buckling in bending [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010,

Partial safety factors for buildings [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.1(1)]

For buildings the following partial factors should be used:

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

Rolled doubly symmetric I and H sections and hot-finished

Angles (for moments in the major principle plane)

All other hot-rolled sections

Welded doubly symmetric sections and cold-formed hollow

Modification factor f [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.3(2)]

for the actual bending moment diagram

values of C1 are given in the references listed in Clause NA4.

The slenderness limit c0 [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.4(1)B]

Modification factor kfl [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 6.3.2.4(2)B]

The value of the modification factor kfl should be taken as:

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

Vertical deflections [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 7.2.1(1)B]

Vertical deflection limits

Beams carrying plaster or other brittle finish

Other beams (except purlins and sheeting

Purlins and sheeting rails

To suit the characteristics of particular

Horizontal deflections [MS EN 1993-1-1:2010, 7.2.2(1)B]

STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

Table NA3. Horizontal deflection limits

Horizontal deflection limits

Tops of columns in single-storey buildings

Columns in portal frame buildings, not