PETE310

Lectures#22&#23
Chapter11:Pages31719,32122,326333

LiquidDensity
Calculatedusingidealsolutionprinciples(i.e.
additivevolumes&masses)
Nc

m
i =1
Nc

V
i =1

EvaluationMethods
Lessinformation

Compositionofsaturatedliquidknown
(iterativeprocedure)
Compositionofsaturatedliquidknown
(correlations)
SolutionGasOil,GasComposition,andStock
Tankoilgravityknown
SolutionGasOil,GasSpecificGravity,and
StockTankoilgravityknown

Problems
C1 &C2 arenotliquidsatatmospheric
conditions
Aliquidmixtureatreservoirconditionswill
partiallyvaporizeatstandardcondition
Solution
CreateafictitiouspseudodensityforC1 andC2 and
fortheliquid

PseudodensitiesofC1 &C2

C2

C1
MixtureDensity(stc)

ApparentliquiddensitiesofC1 andC2
Page302(figure11.2)

a ,C = 0.312 + 0.450 po
1

a ,C = 15.3 + 0.3167 po
2

EquationsfromAppendixB(startingpage
509)

PressureCorrection
(Tsc , PR ) = at (Tsc , Psc ) + (PR )

47.4 = 45 + 2.4

TemperatureCorrection
(TR , PR ) = (Tsc , PR ) (TR )
Frompreviousplot
47.4=45+2.4
43.4=47.4 4

NowfollowexamplesinExcelfiles
providedinourWEBsite

CorrectionusingW1,W2

CorrectionforH2S
42.1 = 43.4 1.3

ApparentLiquidDensitiesofGases

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
MethodsDiscussed
Givencompositionofsaturatedliquid iterative
procedure(guesscontributionofC1&C2)
Excelfile&Ex.114
Givencompositionofsaturatedliquid
correlation usingW1&W2 Excelfile&Ex.
115
Givensolutiongasoilratio,gascomposition
andstocktankoilgravity(orAPI) Excelfile&
Ex.116

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
MethodsDiscussed(cont.)
Allthesemethodsevaluateoildensityin
stages
a) PseudooilatTsc,Psc
b) Correctoildensityin(a)1st forreservoirpressure
c) Correctdensityin(b)forreservoirtemperature

JCPTpapermethod&Example117oftext
book

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
JCPTpapermethod&Example117oftextbook
Bothrequiresolutiongasoilratio,separatorgas
gravity,APIgravityofstok tank,pressure,and
temperature
JCPTincludesamorecurrentcorrelation
Bothcalculatepseudoliquid densityatstandard
conditionsandadjustforreservoirpressureand
temperatureusingsameequationsasintheother
methods.
Comparedensitiesfrombothmethods

Oildensityisatorbelowpb

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
Example117highlights
Givendata:API,Rs,T,p,gs
Findmolecularweightofgasas

Mwg = gs 29
FindmassofgasdissolvedinoneSTBofoilas

Rs
SCF lb mole
lb
Mwg [=]

id
STB
SCF
lb mole
VM
Findmassofoilin1STBas(yourturn!)

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
Example117highlights(more)
Pretendthattheoilcomponentsaretwo:stocktankoil
&surfacegas

Figure11.8

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
ComparethedensitiesobtainedbyJCPT
procedurewiththatfromExample117
Discussresults
Differentevaluationmethodswillresultin
differentvaluesofBo

ConsolidateOilReservoirDensity
Calculations
Theoilformationvolumefactorisevaluatedator
belowpb

Bo =

STO + 0.01357 Rs gs
OR

HowdoweevaluateBo abovethebubblepoint?

ForPressuresAbovepb

TheOilDensityAbovePb

CoefficientofIsothermalCompressibility
ofOil(Co)

Why??

CorrelationsforCo
Abovebubblepointpressure
(undersaturated)
Belowbubblepointpressure(saturated)

Co forpressureshigherthanpb

Co forpressuresabovepb(AppendixB
page522)

Coforpressuresbelowpb
Oilvolumewillchangebecauseof
Pressure
Gasinsolution

Bo
Rs 1
Bg
Bo
Co =
p
p
Bo Rs
Rs 1

Bg
Bo
Co =
p
Rs p
Co = Bo

Bo
Rs

Bg
p
Rs

Coforpressuresbelowpb
YoucanevaluateCousingthemethodsofJCPT
paper
NeedtohaveBg

Bo Rs
Rs 1

Bg
Bo
Co =
p
Rs p
Bo
1 Rs

Bg
Co = Bo
p
Rs

Co for p < pb

Co forpressuresbelowpb(AppendixB)

Boforpressuresbelowpb

Boforpressuresbelowpb

Theseancientplotsareusefulto
Establishrangesofapplicability(API,Rs,
p)
Determinetrendsforthephysical
propertiesasafunctionofp,T,API,etc.
DoesBoincreasewithRs?
DoesBoincreasewithAPI?

Providequickestimates(sometimes)
Exerciseourvisualskills

TotalFormationVolumeFactor

OilViscosity
Viscosityisameasureoftheresistancetoflow
exertedbyafluid
Thisiscalleddynamicviscosityandhasunitsof
centipoise=gmass/100seccm

Kinematicviscosityisviscosity/density,unitsare
in
centistokes=centipoise/g/cc

NeedsofCrudeOilViscosity
Calculationoftwophaseflow
Gasliftandpipelinedesign
Calculateoilrecoveryeitherfromnatural
depletionorfromrecoverytechniquessuch
aswaterfloodingandgasinjection
processes

VariationofOilViscosity

Oil Viscosity

T = constant

Gas Out of
Solution

Two Phase Flow

Single Phase Flow

Pb

EvaluationofOilViscosity
Evaluatedeadoilviscosity(nogasin
solution)givenoilAPIandreservoir
temperature(Figure1113)
Correctforpressurebyaddinggasin
solution(Fig1114)
Mostoftheoilviscositycorrelationsareoil
dependent(largeerrors)

DeadOilViscosity

DeadOilViscosity(AppendixB)

SaturatedOilViscosity(addgas)

SaturatedOilViscosity(AppendixB)

Oil Viscosities above pb

OilViscosityAbovePb
p> pb
pb

Nocorrectionforp=pb
Largercorrectionsfor
higherpressures

ViscosityofUndersaturatedBlackOils

ViscosityCorrelations

JudgeTheseOilViscosityCorrelations

JudgingCorrelations

JudgingViscosityCorrelations

JudgingBubblePointCorrelations
Untitled

Correlation Comparison
Bubble Point
3000

Bubble Point, psia

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

Vazquez and Beggs

Kartoatmodjo
Generalized Standing
1800
Standing
Kaye
Petrosky
Palmer, Poillion and Todd
1600
Mendez
0
Lasater
Osorio
Glaso
Obomanu - Okpobiri
Omoregie
Al-Marhoun

10

15

20

Correlation
Reg: CPTC PSS - Chevron Oil Corporation

ViscosityReferences

ViscosityReferences

OilViscosityReferences