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Calculation of wastewater flow rate

Category

Water consumption

Households

120 l/c/d

School

12 l/student

Boarding school

120 / boarder

Hospital

400 l/bed

Cinemas

8 l/seat

Office

24 l/employee

Shops

24 l/employee

Public toilets

12 l/user

Hotels

400 l/bed

Tuition classes

12 l/student

Loading rates per serviced property (KS)

Sewage flows are estimated based on water consumption figures
subject to a wastewater return factor of 0.8.
Residential water consumption is taken as 120 liters per capita per
day and estimated to correspond to a wastewater flow of 96 liters
per capita per day.
Average number of persons per household is approximately 5. The
average number of employees in commercial shops is approximately
6 per 100 m2 of floor space.
Non-residential water consumption is estimated on the basis of
actual water production and consumption data.

Design Parameters (KS)

Daily Variations
The peak hourly flow is equal to 2.5 x the average daily flow

Infiltration and Inflow

An additional 10% is added to the peak hourly flow estimates for
groundwater infiltration and wet weather inflow/infiltration into
sewers.
Minimum Grades For Self-Cleansing
Self cleansing velocity of grit and debris shall be based on achieving a
wetted cross section average velocity of at least 0.8m/sec a peak dry
weather flow.
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Calculation of wastewater flow rate

Predicted population to design year
Population growth rate is p% and number of years is n (to design year)
Population of current year = P
Population in design year = PD= P(1+p/100)n
Wastewater Flow rate for domestic
Domestic wastewater flow rate = PD x 120 l/c/d x 0.8
Wastewater Flow rate for Urban and Commercial population

Calculation of wastewater flow rate

Total average flow rate
Total average flow rate (Qave) = domestic WW + Urban and Commercial
WW
Consider the Infiltration flow
Assume infiltration is i% of average flow rate
Infiltration flow rate = i% x Qave
Peak flow rate

Consider peak flow factor is 2.5 times average flow

Peak flow rate = 2.5 x Qave
Design flow rate
Design flow rate= QD = i% x Qave + 2.5 x Qave
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Screen Design
Bar width = w cm
Bar space = s cm
Assume channel width is a
Angle of inclination is to the horizontal
Number of unit is 2
Flow for each screen=Q= (QD )/2
Assume horizontal velocity (VH)
Effective area of the screen (AE)

S+w

AE = Q/ VHs

=
+

Screen Design
Inclined net area of the screen
Height of the channel
Height of the steel bar (hb)

= Anet / sin
= Anet/ a
= Anet/ (a x sin )

Number of bars (n)

Check the total width of screen = [ (n+1) w + nx s] a

V- Horizontal velocity (flow through velocity)
U- Approach velocity

U=V
+
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Screen Design

Head loss
1
2 2
=
x
< 15
0.7
2

Design parameters for aerated grit chamber

Item

Value
Range

Typical

Dimensions:
Depth, m

2:5

Length, m

7.5:20

Width, m

2.5:7.0

Width- Depth ratio

1:1 5:1

1.5:1

Length-width ratio

3:1 5:1

4:1

Detention time at peak

flow, min

2-5

Air supply,
m3/min .m of length

0.15-0.45

0.3

Grit and scum

quantities:
Grit, m3/103 m3

0.004-0.200

0.015

Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. [5-36]

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Grit chamber Design

Number of unit is 2
Flow for each screen=Q= (QD )/2
Assumptions:
Horizontal velocity (VH) (0.3 -0.45 m/s)
Detention time is t (45-90 s)
=

2
=
1

Length of the chamber (L)

Design Length (LD)

= t x VH
= 1.5 L

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Grit chamber Design

Settle down velocity (VS)
=

( 0.6 1.2
)
18

< ( )

Assume free board is f and depth of grit collection is d

DD= Dtotal= D+f+d
Minimum settle down time

= Dtotal /Vs t

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Grit chamber Design

Check for the detention time

= =
= HRT

(45-90 s)

Assume supply of air rate is 0.15 0.45 m3/min/m of length

Air requirement

= Air rate X L m3/min

Assume 0.015 m3 : 1000 m3 is the average grit removed

The total quantity of grit to be handled per day in one unit

0.015

1000

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Primary Sedimentation Tank Design

Flow for each screen=Q= (QD )/2

Average flow rate with infiltration flow = Qa+i
Assumption
Number of unit is 2
Detention time t (1.5-2.5h)
Surface loading rate @ peak flow (Qsur) is 100 m3/m2/day
L:W=4:1
L
Weir load 200 m3/m/day
W
Floor area of each tank (A) = Q/ Qsur
Detention time = (A x D)/Q
Depth of tank D =
(3- 5.5 m)
Design depth DD = D + free board

D
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Primary Sedimentation Tank Design

Design of weir
Weir length Lw = Qa+i per tank / Weir load
Assumption
Number of weir is n
d:w = 1:4
w
d

n x 2 (d+w) = Lw
d=
w=
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Design criteria for primary sedimentation tank

Parameter

Value
Range

Typical

1.5-2.5

2.0

Average flow

30-50

40

Peak flow

80-120

100

Length

15-90

24-40 (usually 30)

Width

3-24

10

Depth

3-4.9

Depth

3-4.9

Diameter

3.0-60

12-45

1/16-1/6

1/12

Detention time, h
Surface loading rate / Overflow rate,
m3/m2.d

Dimensions, m
Rectangular

Circular

Bottom slope, mm/mm

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Primary Sedimentation Tank Design

Design of weir
Number of weir width per one layer (c) = W/w
Number of layers
= n/c

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Aeration Tank Design

OLR calculation
Using BOD data, you can calculate the influent BOD5 loading rate
BOD5
= OLR kg-BOD5/day
Total average flow
= Qavg
BOD5 concentration = OLR/Qavg

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Aeration Tank Design

X0, Q0, S0

Xe Qe S

Influent

Effluent
V, X, S

Xr Qr
Return Activated sludge

Xr Qw
Waste Activated sludge

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Aeration Tank Design

=

()
=

coefficient =

=
=
= 0.8

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Aeration Tank Design

(0 )
=
;
1 +

0 ,

=
1 +

(1 + )
=
1
(0 )
= 0
= 0 (0 )
1 +
5 =
5 =

(0 )
0

(0 )
0

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Aeration Tank Design

0
( ) =

=

0
=

= 20 (1.056)20
@ = @20 (1.056)20

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Aeration Tank Design

Assuming
Primary sedimentation tank removes 25% of BOD5
BOD5 = 0.68 BODL
X0= 0
MLSS in return sludge = 10,000 mg/L
Aerator basin MLVSS (X) = 3,500 mg/L
Effluent biological solution concentration = 20 mg/L
65% of it is biodegradable
Y 20= 0.4
kd 20 = 0.025 /day
Number of units 2
Room temperature is 28 C
c = 10 days
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Aeration Tank Design

= 20 (1.056)20
@ = @20 (1.056)20

Flow for each tank=Q0= (Qavg + Qinfiltration)/2

S0= (OLR/Qavg) x 0.75
Xr = 10,000 x 0.8 = 8,000 mg/L
Stotal =Ssoluble + Ssuspended
Biodegradable solid

= Stotal x 0.65

Biodegradable solid
Ultimate BODL

= Stotal x 0.65
= Stotal x 0.65 x 1.42

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Aeration Tank Design

BOD5
BOD5
S

(Ssuspended)

5
5

= 0.65 x BODL
= (Stotal x 0.65 x 1.42) x 0.65
= Stotal - (Stotal x 0.65 x 1.42) x 0.65

(0 )
=
0

(0 )
=
0

Calculate the reactor volume (V)

=

(0 )
1 +

=
0

V=
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Aeration Tank Design

Calculate the HRT ()

=
0

Acceptable level = 3 10 hr

Calculate the Sludge return rate (Qr)

0
=

=
0

Acceptable level = 0.25 1.0

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Aeration Tank Design

X0, Q0, S0

Xe Qe S

Influent

Effluent
V, X, S

Xr Qr
Return Activated sludge
Xr Qw
Waste Activated sludge

Mass balance equation

Q0= Qe+ Qw
Qe = Q0 - Qw

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Aeration Tank Design

=
+
=

= 20
0.8

+ (0 )

Qw

Calculate the F/m ratio

0
=

Acceptable level = 0.2 0.5 /day

Calculate the volumetric loading rate

=

0 0

Acceptable level = 0.8 2.5

kg/m3/day/BOD5

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Aeration Tank Design

Calculate the biomass production rate
= 0

(0 )
1 +

Calculate the O2 required per day

Calculate the O2 required per day = BODL 1.42 Qw Xr
= Q0 (S0-S)/0.68 1.42 Qw Xr

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Secondary Sedimentation Tank Design

X0, Q0, S0

Xe Qe S

Influent

Effluent
V, X, S

Xr Qr
Return Activated sludge
Xr Qw
Waste Activated sludge

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Secondary Sedimentation Tank Design

Assuming
Number of units is 2
Average surface loading rate (30-50 m3/m2/day)
Free board is 0.4 m
Depth of tank is D [3 - 4.9 m (base of the diameter)]
Flow for each tank=Q0= (Qavg + Qinfiltration)/2
Q0+ Qr

Qe

Mass balance equation

Qr + Q0= Qr + Qe+ Qw
Qe = Q0 - Qw
Qr + Qw

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Secondary Sedimentation Tank Design

Calculate the Surface area of the tank
=

0
. .

2
=
4

Calculate the solid loading rate

0 +
=

0
= 0.777

= /0.8

Calculate the weir loading rate

. . =

Acceptable level = 100-200 m2/day

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Secondary Sedimentation Tank Design

Calculate the HRT
=

=
+ + 0 +

Acceptable level = 2-4 days

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