Kris-Nhan Grace G.

Alzate

Architectural Comprehensive

BS-Architecture 5
Reference: Architectural Theories of Design (George Salvan)
Theory of Architecture and Tropical Design
PROTECTIVE ELEMENTS 1. The roof protects the interior from the elements of
climate like typhoon, heat of the sun, etc
WARMER CLIMATE 2. The roofs are usually rather flat and colourful. As in the rich
red and brown tile roof of Italy.
COLDER CLIMATES 3. The roofs become steeper an d less colourful. The necessity
of shedding the rai n and snow makes the greater pitch to the roofs more practical.
WINDOWS 4. Permit the entrance of light and circulation of air Doors, stairs,
corridor-circulation of human traffic and materials
TOPOGRAPHY 5. In its broadest sense, may mean the general terrain or contour of
the surface of the entire country.
MASS 6. Also known as volume or evidence of the 3 dimension
direction -vertical or horizontal axis of the mass
shape - geometric qualities
AREA 7. Surface with two dimensions as in a facade of a building
TEXTURE 8. Surface treatment identified with materials whether rough or smooth
TONE 9. Light and shade caused by openings, projections
COLOR 10. Inherent or applied color caused by spectrum hues
FORM 11. In an architectural discussion the accepted definition of form deals with
shape and when the
figure is three dimensional, it becomes mass.
VOLUME 12. A plane extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction
becomes a volume. Conceptually, a volume has three dimensions: length, width and
depth.
COLOR 13. The hue, intensity, and total value of a form's surface; color is the
attribute that most clearly distinguishes a form from its environment. It also affects
the visual weight of a form.
TEXTURE 14. The surface characteristic of a form; texture affects both tactile and
light-reflective qualities of a form's surfaces.

POSITION 15. A form's location relative to its environment or visual field.

ORIENTATION 16. A form's position relative to the ground plane, the compass
points or to the person viewing the form.
VISUAL INERTIA 17. The degree of concentration and stability of a form; the visual
inertia of a form depends on its geometry as well as its orientation relative to the
ground plane and our line of sight.
SHAPE 18. If refers to the edge contour of a plan e or the silhouette of a volume.
UNACCENTED RHYTHM 19. If equally spaced windows are introduced on the
unbroken wall, then regular repetition is present.
ACCENTED RHYTHM 20. If the openings or details are arranged in such a manner
that some are more important than others, then the eye grasps the significance of
this relationship and pauses longer in contemplating the larger elements.

COMPETITION 21. When elements compete with each other for the place of
importance. There is competition. This causes ' DUALITY' or the presence of two
strong conflicting personalities or masses resulting in redundancy. The towers

appear attenuated and unstable. The shared element is too weak to counteract the
overturning force acting on the towers.

CONFUSION 22. Another kind of competition where dissimilarity is too pronounced.

There is no harmonious treatment and dissimilarities in architectural elements such
as door, windows are combined. There is no definite architectural character and no
central theme.

EVAPORATIVE COOLING 23. n hot arid regions. a method of cooling simpler than
that of the compressive evaporate refrigeration cycle can be very effective.
Employing one electric motor instead of three, if saves a great deal of energy,
though it use a little of water.

ORIENTATION TO THE WIND 24. Windbreaks consist of either a fence or a row of

trees or shrubs which reduce air infiltration through windows by diminishing the
wind pressure. The most effective location for a windbreak is upwind a distance of 1
1/2 to 2 1/2 times the height of a building.

SHADE TREES 25. Deciduous trees provide shad~ in the summer and admit light in
the winter. Evergreens provide shade in the summer and reduce window heat loss
to the right sky in winter.
A South-facing window shaded by a deciduous tree receives less solar heat than an
unshaded north -facing window (The-north Window received diffused radiation from
clouds)

ARCH CONSTRUCTION 26. Covering an open space by placing wedge-shaped

units together with their thick ends outward.

CORBEL OR CANTILEVER 27. a projection from the face of a wall .fixed in position
to support a weight

TRUSS CONSTRUCTION 28. Allowing for the use of a pointed roof.

CULTURAL IDENTITY 29. Cultural differences reflect individual needs to identity

with the traditional, as opposed to challenges to keep up with what is fashionable.
FUNCTIONAL FORM 30. Space should appear "positive" rather than "negative",
ex: it should seem to have been purposefully designed, rather than left to chance