Inductance PDF

C
Chapter 30
Inductance
30-1 Mutual Inductance
30-2 Self-inductance and Inductors
30-3 Magnetic Field Energy

30-5 The L-C Circuit
30-6 The L-R-C Series Circuit
Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem
Objective
Calculate mutually-induced EMF given the mutual
inductance between two circuits
I and I are both constant.
Question:
What if instead of straight wires we have coils?
Also, there is a changing current in one of the coils.
Remember that:
If the coils are in vacuum:
M21 is a constant.
It depends on the geometry of both coils
(size, shape, number of turns, orientation
of each coil, separation between coils).
For our case, we assume that any magnetic

material present has constant Km so that M21 is
constant.
For any two coils (symmetric or not):
SI Unit of mutual inductance M:
1 H = 1 Wb/A
Example:
Equation to be used:
Example:
Equations to be used:
Seatwork:
The figure shows two insulated coils wrapped around each
other with mutual inductance M = 0.5 H. If the current in coil 2
varies as I(t) = 8t2 + 2t + 14, what will be the induced emf in
coil 1 after 1 s?
10
Chapter 30
Inductance

11
Objective
Calculate self-induced EMF given the self-inductance of the
circuit
12
Any circuit that carries a varying current has an emf induced in it

by the variation in its own magnetic field.
Self-Induced emf
It can occur in any circuit.
The effect is greatly enhanced if circuit includes a coil with
N turns of wire.
13
Self-Inductance/Inductance
Since current i in the circuit changes

with time t,
From Faradays Law:
14
Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor
If the rate of change of current is zero:
15
Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor
16
What is the physical significance of inductance
L?
When L is large, the rate of change of current is small.
When L is small, the rate of change of current is large.
So, what is the use of an inductor in a circuit?
An inductor helps to prevent rapid changes in current.
17
18
Example:
19
Example:
20
Seatwork:
A current i flowing from a to b passes through an inductor of
inductance L, as shown in the figure. It is observed that the
potential at b is higher than at a.
Which of the following describes the current passing through
the inductor? increasing, decreasing or constant?
21
Chapter 30
Inductance

22
Objective
Calculate the total magnetic energy stored in an inductor
and its magnetic energy density after current is increased
from zero to a final-state value
23
Energy Stored in an Inductor

The total energy U supplied while the current increases from
zero to a final value I is
This is actually stored

in the magnetic field
within the coil.
When the current decreases from I to zero, the inductor
acts as a source that supplies a total amount of energy U.
Note:
When a steady current flows through an inductor,

there is no energy flow in or out. .
24
Resistor vs. Inductor

A resistor is a device in which energy
is irrecoverably dissipated.
Energy stored in a current-carrying

inductor can be recovered when the
current decreases to zero.
25
Magnetic Energy Density

Magnetic energy density in vacuum
Magnetic energy density in a material where = Kmo
26
Example:
27
Seatwork:
How much current is required to store an energy of 7.2 kJ in
a coil with an inductance of 100 H?
Equation to be used:
28
Chapter 30
Inductance
OPTIONAL: *30-4 The R-L Circuit
29
R-L Circuit
A circuit that includes both a resistor and an inductor, and possibly a
source of emf
Current growth
Current decay
30
Current Growth in an R-L Circuit
Current in an R-L circuit with emf:
31
Current Growth in an R-L Circuit

Current in an R-L circuit with emf:
Time constant of an R-L circuit:
At time , the current has risen to or about

63% of its final value /R.
32
Example:
What is the current through the ideal battery after a very
long time the switch S is closed?
33
Current Decay in an R-L Circuit

Current in an R-L circuit:
Io: initial current in the circuit
34
Current Decay in an R-L Circuit

Current in an R-L circuit:
Io: initial current in the circuit

Time constant of an R-L circuit:
At time , the current has decreased to or

about 37% of its initial value Io
35
Example:
36
Seatwork:
For the circuit shown, find the currents I1, I2, and I3
(a) immediately after switch S is closed and
(b) a long time after switch S has been closed.
37
Chapter 30
Inductance

38
Objective
Describe the charge and current variation in time in an L-C
circuit
39
L-C Circuit
A circuit that includes both an inductor and a capacitor
Both charge and current in an L-C circuit oscillate sinusoidally with time, with an
angular frequency of
Capacitor charge:
If at time t = 0:
Current in the circuit:
the left-hand capacitor plate has

its maximum charge Q and the
current i is zero, then
40
L-C Circuit
Capacitor charge:
Imax
41
Energy in an L-C Circuit

Total energy of the LC circuit:
(inductor)
(capacitor)
The total energy

in an LC circuit is
constant.
Recall:
Capacitor charge:
Imax = Q
42
Example:
Use the following equations:

(a) Since = , =
(b) = 1 2
then =
(c) Energy = 2 2 where = ()

43
Seatwork (4 pts):
Use the following equations:

2
(a) = 42
(b) =
1
(c) = 2 2
(d) = 2/
44
Chapter 30
Inductance

45
Objective
Describe the charge, voltage and current variation in time
for underdamped, critically damped and overdamped L-R-C
circuits
46
L-R-C Series Circuit

An inductor with inductance L and a resistor of resistance R are
connected in series across the terminals of a charged capacitor.
3 cases:
1. Underdamped oscillation
2. Critically damped
3. Overdamped
47
Underdamped
(Small R)
CRITICALLY damped OVERdamped

(Large R)
(Very large R)
48
Example:
An L-R-C series circuit includes a 2.0- resistor. At t = 0 the
capacitor charge is 2.0 C. For which of the following
values of inductance and capacitance will the charge on the
capacitor not oscillate?
A. L = 3.0 H, C = 6.0 F
B. L = 6.0 H, C = 3.0 F
C. L = 3.0 H, C = 3.0 F
Hint:
49
Seatwork (1 pt):
Consider an R-L-C series circuit with resistance 1 . Which
values of inductance L and capacitance C will the charge on
the capacitor undergo a damped oscillation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
L = 1.0 H, C = 4.0 F
L = 3.0 H, C = 12.0 F
L = 3.0 H, C = 18.0 F
L = 3.0 H, C = 6.0 F
L = 1.0 H, C = 8.0 F
50
51

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C

30-3 Magnetic Field Energy

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

I and I are both constant.

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

For our case, we assume that any magnetic

For any two coils (symmetric or not):

SI Unit of mutual inductance M:

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

30-3 Magnetic Field Energy

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Any circuit that carries a varying current has an emf induced in it

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Since current i in the circuit changes

From Faradays Law:

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor

If the rate of change of current is zero:

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

What is the physical significance of inductance

When L is large, the rate of change of current is small.

When L is small, the rate of change of current is large.

So, what is the use of an inductor in a circuit?

An inductor helps to prevent rapid changes in current.

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

30-3 Magnetic Field Energy

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Energy Stored in an Inductor

This is actually stored

When a steady current flows through an inductor,

Resistor vs. Inductor

Energy stored in a current-carrying

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Magnetic Energy Density

Magnetic energy density in a material where = Kmo

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

OPTIONAL: *30-4 The R-L Circuit

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Current Growth in an R-L Circuit

Current in an R-L circuit with emf:

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Current Growth in an R-L Circuit

Time constant of an R-L circuit:

At time , the current has risen to or about

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Current Decay in an R-L Circuit

Io: initial current in the circuit

Physics 72 Bareza AY 15-16 1st sem

Current Decay in an R-L Circuit