Thiet lap

HE THONG TI

e trong co chat lng cao

Muc luc

CUN SCH NY C THC HIN DI S HP TC CA

D n b sa Vit B (VBDP)
F11, s 14 ng Thy Khu, Ty H, H Ni, Vit Nam
Tel:

(+84) 4 3734 4278

Phan gii thieu

Fax:

(+84) 4 3734 4279

Email:

vbdairyproject@vnn.vn

Chng 1: Thiet lap he thong ti

1.

La chon at

2.

Vat lieu va dung cu

S 2, Ngc H, Ba nh, H Ni, Vit Nam

3.

Thiet ke

23

Tel:

(+84) 4 3734 5443

Fax:

(+84) 4 3844 3811 / (+84) 4 3843 6802

4.

Lap at

29

Email:

cn@mard.gov.vn

5.

Lam at trc khi gieo hat

39

Cc Chn Nui (DLP)

Chng 2: Trong co Uc trong he thong ti

41

C quan hp tc k thut B ti H Ni (BTC H Ni)

1.

Gieo hat

42

F7 - F9, s 14 ng Thy Khu, Ty H, H Ni, Vit Nam

2.

Ti co

47

3.

Phan bon

49

4.

Lam co dai

51

5.

S phat trien cua co Hon hp Uc

54

6.

Thu hoach

55

Tel:

(+84) 4 3728 0571

Fax:

(+84) 4 3728 0572

Email:

vietnam@btcctb.org

Din n Ngnh sa Vit Nam

F11, s 14 ng Thy Khu, Ty H, H Ni, Vit Nam

Chng 3: Quan ly va van hanh he thong ti

57

(+84) 4 3734 4279

1.

Quan ly va van hanh he thong ti

57

info@dairyvietnam.org.vn

2.

S dung he thong ti e bon phan

66

Tel:

(+84) 4 3734 6426

Fax:
Email:

Website: www.dairyvietnam.org.vn

www.nganhsuavn.org.vn

Tc gi: Lien Terryn, Ng Tin Dng, Raf Somers

Thit k: Cng ty Thit k v Qung co La Bn
Tel: (+84.4) 6269 6761

Chng 4: Duy tu va bao dng he thong ti

69

1.

S dung va bao dng may bm

69

2.

Ra bo loc

73

3.

Ra tep phun nc

75

4.

Lam sao e han che chi ph bao dng

76

Li noi au
D an bo sa Viet B (VBDP) vi muc tieu tang thu nhap cho ho chan nuoi bo sa tren c s
san xuat sa trong nc phat trien mot cach ben vng tai 5 tnh d an la Ha Noi, Ha Tay, Ha
Nam, Vnh Phuc va Bac Ninh. D an do Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon (MARD) thc
hien vi s ho tr ky thuat cua C quan Hp tac Ky thuat B (BTC) t thang 3 nam 2005 en
thang 3 nam 2010.
Tap huan chan nuoi bo sa cho nong dan la mot trong nhng hoat ong chnh cua d an.
D an s dung phng phap ao tao cho tap huan vien (TOT) nham ao tao cho cac chu
ho trnh dien tr thanh cac tieu giao vien c s e tap huan cho cac nhom ho chan nuoi
bo sa tai cac xa d an. Cuon sach Thiet lap he thong ti e trong co chat lng cao
ch la mot trong nhng tai lieu se c chuyen cho cac ho chan nuoi bo sa, moi mot
phan nho trong cuon sach nay lien quan en cac chu e trong Thc hanh chan nuoi bo
sa gioi. Cuon sach nay la tai lieu bo tr cho cac tai lieu giang day c s dung trong
qua trnh tap huan. Toan bo cuon sach va tai lieu giang day co the c tai ve t website
cua Nganh sa Viet Nam: www.dairyvietnam.org.vn
Mac du mot so khai niem va noi dung con kha tru tng oi vi cac ho chan nuoi bo sa,
nhng a c cac tac gia dien giai het sc n gian, ngan gon, ket hp vi cac hnh anh
sinh ong va de hieu e tao hng thu cho ngi oc va ieu quan trong nhat la thuyet
phuc ngi chan nuoi lam theo hng dan cua cuon sach.
Chung toi chan thanh cam n nhng y kien ong gop cua ong Pham Kim Cng, cac can
bo t van thc an thc a (Tran Hoang Chat, ao Lan Nhi, Hoang Th Thng, Hoang Huy,
Le Tuan Thnh va Ngo Van Hiep) va ong Niel T. Schultz (Cong ty Khuyen nong), ngi a
hng dan cac can bo ky thuat va cac ho nong dan thiet lap thanh cong he thong nay.
Chu trach nhiem noi dung

Chu trach nhiem phat hanh

Nhan dp nay chung toi bay to long biet n va anh gia cao ti cac ho chan nuoi, cac
can bo ky thuat - nhng ngi a tap huan cac ho chan nuoi lam theo nhng ch dan cua
cuon sach nay.
Xin tran trong cam n!
Chung toi san sang on nhan moi y kien ong gop ve cuon sach nay!

PHAN GII THIEU

Ti

phun la phng phap lam ma nhan tao, nc c

phun thong qua he thong ng ong di ap lc cua may
bm. Khi nc c phun qua he thong tep phun, cac hat
nc c tach nho va ri eu tren mat at. Khi thiet ke he
thong may bm, ong, cut, van, tep phun va c che van hanh
phai ong bo th he thong hoat ong mi hieu qua.

May bm ien cong suat 1 hp co the van hanh he thong nay,

nhng tai cac a phng do nguon ien khong on nh (ien
qua yeu), ien b cat thng xuyen, he thong ti thiet lap
qua xa nguon ien nen s dung bm ien nhieu khi bat li,
v vay mot so ho nong dan van thch dung may chay bang
xang hoac diezel hn. May bm chay bang xang co the cai
tien e chay bang kh Bioga nham tiet kiem chi ph va bao ve
moi trng.

MOT SO LU Y TRC KHI OC CUON SACH NAY

ay la cuon sach hng dan cac ho chan nuoi thiet lap he thong ti (dien tch khoang 1.000 m2 - 2.000 m2).
Co rat nhieu ky thuat thiet lap he thong ti, tuy nhien cuon sach nay ch hng dan cac ho chan nuoi thiet

Mac du chi ph au t thiet lap he thong ti con tng oi

cao (khoang 9 trieu ong cho 1.000 m2 - nam 2008), nhng he
thong nay rat tien li nh giam thi gian ti, ti ong eu
va ong bo, nang cao hieu qua s dung nc va phan bon
cho cay trong ac biet vi co chat lng cao. Cho bo an co
chat lng cao, bo se an nhieu, lng thc an tinh giam, sc
khoe cua bo tot, bo se cho nhieu sa va sa co chat lng
tot hn.

lap he thong ti da tren nhng kinh nghiem t thc tien ap dung tai cac ho chan nuoi bo sa trong a
ban d an Bo sa Viet B.
Chung toi a rat nhieu ten va loai vat t s dung trong he thong ti, tuy nhien chung ta co the s dung

2c loai vat lieu tng t hien co tren th trng.

ca

Trong trong co viec cung cap u nc va phan bon co se phat

trien nhanh va co the cho san pham quanh nam, ac biet trong
mua ong. Ngoai ra, s dung nc thai bioga e ti co se
giam c rat nhieu lng phan bon hoa hoc tham tr khong
dung en phan hoa hoc va gia thanh san xuat co se giam.

S o trang 5 ch ra cac bc tien hanh khi thiet lap he thong

ti phun cho ong co. Sau khi la chon at, ve s o tha
ruong va lap thiet ke he thong ti la rat can thiet. ng ong
chnh c thiet ke lam sao e tiet kiem chi ph va phu hp vi
nguon nc, a hnh va kch thc cua tha ruong. S dung
cac loai vat lieu co chat lng va o ben cao, bao quan va
cham soc ung quy trnh ky thuat se keo dai tuoi tho cua he
thong ong va ong co en 15 nam.
Chng cuoi la quy trnh ky thuat trong co Hon hp Uc vi he
thong ti. Quy trnh nay D an Bo sa Viet B hien ang ap
dung thanh cong tai cac ho chan nuoi bo sa tai Mien Bac
Viet Nam.

Chng 1 Thiet lap he thong ti phun

Cac bc tien hanh khi lap at he thong ti
1. Chon at

Nguon nc
2. Vat lieu

May bm
He thong ng ong
ng ong chnh
3. Thiet ke

ng ong phu
Cot phun
ao ranh
4. Lap at

Noi ng ong
Lap may bm

5. Chuan b at
va gieo hat

Lap ranh
Cay ba va san phang
Gieo hat

Co hon hp Uc
trong he thong ti
4

1. La chon at
1.1. Cac yeu to can quan tam khi la chon at

1.2. Trc khi lap at he thong

Don sach cay trong cu va co dai

Cay ba ky, nhat sach goc cay, gach, a

a hnh:
-

at bang phang (o doc < 5%)

Neu o doc > 5%: s dung cac tep phun chuyen dung (Tep co bu ap suat Waterbird
cua hang Toro )

Hnh dang: tot nhat la at co dang hnh ch nhat hoac hnh vuong, cac hnh dang
khac van co the lap at nhng chi ph thng cao hn

V tr at: nen la chon at gan nguon nc (ao, ho hoac gieng nc)

Dien tch: t nhat 750 m, neu dien tch nho th chi ph lap at neu tnh tren 1 n v dien
tch se cao hn

Loai at:
-

at cat pha, at phu xa, at tht nhe

at trung tnh va mau m

Chon at thoat nc tot. oi vi at thoat nc kem (at tht nang, at set) nen
lam ranh theo chieu doc cua ruong e thoat nc khi tri ma to

Cay ba at va lam sach co dai, goc cay, gach, a

2. Vat lieu va dung cu

2.1. Nguon nc
Nguon nc cang gan tha ruong cang tot.
Nguon nc cho may bm bao gom:

Song / suoi

Ao, ho

Gieng, gieng khoan, ...

7

2.2. Be cha nc
Nen xay be bang be tong e cha nc va co the hoa nc vi phan bon, nc thai bioga
hoac nc ra chuong e ti co.

Nen chia be lam 2 ngan: 1 ngan cha nc sach va 1 ngan cha nc thai. Trc khi
thu hoach 10 ngay, ch s dung nc sach e ti co e tranh mui nc thai con tren
co khi thu hoach

Lu y

Co the bm nc trc tiep t gieng e ti co. Tuy nhien, neu xay be cha nc
va hoa phan bon (phan am hoac nc thai bioga) e ti co se mang hieu qua
cao hn

au hut cua may bm c chia lam 2 nhanh noi trc tiep en ngan be (nc sach
va nc thai) bang van (co cho loc). Khi can thiet co the khoa van be nc thai e
bm nc sach ti co

ng ong cua gieng khoan phai ln hn ng ong hut cua may bm (toi thieu
48 mm)

nh ky 2 - 3 thang nen ra va don be tranh a, bun

Nc sach
at may bm gan song

ong co

Bm nc t di ao
Nc thai
Van

Bm

Lu y

Luon che ay be cha nc thai tranh bay hi am

Trng hp khong chia be lam 2 ngan, neu:

-

Nc thai c van chuyen ra ruong va ti trc tiep cho cay trong

Nc c bm trc tiep t gieng khoan

The tch be cha nc

2.3. May bm

The tch be cha (Vbe) t nhat phai ap ng u lng nc cho 1 lan ti

Nhiem vu

Vbe =

Thi gian ti (gi) x Lng nc qua tep phun (l/gi) x so tep phun
1.000

[m]

V du

Dien tch ti: 1.000 m

52 tep phun

Lng nc qua tep phun: 250 l/gi

Ti 45 phut (0,75 gi)

Vbe =
Tep phun Toro

0,75 * 52 tep phun * 250 l/h

1.000

= 9,75 m

Hut va ay nc t nguon nc qua he thong ong va tep phun e ti ong co. oi vi

he thong ti nen s dung may bm ay se co hieu qua hn. Cong suat may bm t nhat
la 1 hp (hp = 0,75 kW). Tuy thuoc vao nguon nang lng ma co the dung cac loai may
bm nh sau:

May bm ien: cong suat >1 hp (0,75 kW)

May bm xang: cong suat 4 hp (3 kW) hoac may bm dau Diezel

Hoac cai tien may bm xang tren e chay hoan toan bang kh Bioga

Lu y

Gia mua may bm ien khong ch re ma chi ph van hanh cung re hn may bm
xang

Chi ph cho van hanh cua may bm cai tien chay bang kh bioga la thap nhat

Nen xay be cha co dung tch t nhat 10 m.

Lng nc va thi gian ti phu thuoc ieu kien thi
tiet, ket cau at va o day cua co. Do vay, be cha
ln se ap ng c trong moi ieu kien, ac biet trong
ieu kien thi tiet kho han, co phat trien nhanh, tham co
cao va day th lng nc can ti cho co la rat ln.

May bm cai tien chay bang kh bioga

10

11

V tr at may bm cang gan nguon nc cang tot. Neu at may bm gan nguon nc,
tieu hao nang lng e hut nc se giam va nc c ay qua he thong se manh hn.

Nha e

May bm ien

Nhan hieu: Sea Land (Italy)

o cao ay, H: 15 - 30 m (chieu cao c tnh bang mc

nc be mat hut en chieu cao cua cac tep phun)

Lng nc bm, Q: 35 - 130 l/phut

Cong suat: 1 hp (0,75 kW)

may bm
Do nguon ien yeu va khong on nh tai mot so a phng, nen s dung on ap la can
thiet nham am bao cho may bm hoat ong ung vi cong suat thiet ke va he thong
ti hoat ong hieu qua.
Mot so ho chan nuoi co kinh nghiem thng ti co vao buoi sang sm. Tai thi iem nay
nguon ien khoe va on nh hn so vi buoi tra va buoi chieu khi he thong ien thng
b qua tai.
at may bm gan nguon nc

Day dan ien cang ngan th cang

co li, tranh hao ton ien tren ng
day.

May bm ien Sea Land (Italy)

12

13

May bm xang

Nhan hieu: Koshin (ong c Honda)

o cao ay, H: 30 m

Van hanh may bm

o sau hut: 8 m

oc ky hng dan va s dung trc khi dung!

Lng nc ay, Q: 600 l/phut

Cong suat: 4 hp (3 kW)

May bm s dung la may bm ly tam, ben trong cu bm co 1 bo phan canh quat ay

c gan vao truc cua ong c va quay tron. Nc vao trong cu bm c canh quat
ay quay tron tao ra lc vang ly tam ep chay ra ngoai.
May bm ly tam ch hoat ong khi trong cu bm cha ay nc. Do vay phai moi ay
nc vao cu bm trc khi van hanh may. Neu van hanh may bm khi khong co nc
hoac khong u nc cha trong cu bm, may ch bm khong kh va co the se b chay.
May bm xang Koshin (Honda)

Lu y

Cac loai may bm tren th trng cung tnh nang eu co the s dung cho he thong

Nen tnh toan dien tch va so tep phun lap at e a ra quyet nh mua may bm
cong suat bao nhieu cho hp ly

cnh qut ly tm

ng x nc

ng ht
trc

Mot so loai may bm

hien ban tren th trng

Cau tao may bm ly tam

14

Moi nc trc khi

van hanh
15

Lap at may bm xang

2.4. He thong bm

oi vi may bm xang, s dung mot oan ong nha mem ( 50 mm) e noi gia au ra
cua may bm va au vao cua he thong ti tren ng ong chnh bang cac ai sat. Gia
au ra cua may bm va au vao cua he thong ti co noi vi bo loc nc bang cach s
dung 2 au noi ren trong 48 mm (so 10 trong trang 16).

Lap at may bm ien

Vat lieu
1. Goc noi 90O

34 mm
8

2. Ong nha 34 mm
3. Noi thang ren ngoai

34 mm

12

10

11

10

4. Noi thang 2 au ren ngoai kim

loai 34 mm
5. Noi thang 2 au ren trong
giam kim loai 48 - 34 mm
6. Noi thang ren ngoai

48 mm

7
9
6

7. Ba trac (T) 90O 48 mm (Loai

C3 - Tien Phong)

8. Van nha

48 mm

9. Ong nha

48 mm

10. Noi thang ren trong

4
2

48 mm

11. Bo loc Toro F - 40

12. Goc noi 90O 48 mm (neu can
thiet)

: ng knh ong
16

17

S dung bang tan quan cac ren khi lap bo loc nham tranh nc ro r sau nay.

2.5. Bo loc
Cho loc cua may bm
Cho loc (van 1 chieu) c lap at tai au cuoi ong hut va noi vi
may bm. Tac dung cua cho loc:

Ngan cac vat trong nc hut vao ng ong

Loc va han che cac chat can ban, tang hieu qua hoat ong
cua bo loc noi au ra cua may bm. Gi mc nc tnh (cot
nc trong ng ong) khi may bm ngng hoat ong

Cho loc - Van 1 chieu

Lap at cho loc se giam ang ke thi gian thao ra tep phun
khi b tac.
Neu muon thao va mang may bm ve nha, co the s dung 2 bch noi (giac co) e lap at,
1 bch noi c lap tren ng ong hut (trc cu bm) gia v tr 1 va 3 (anh trang 16) va
1 bch noi c lap at sau bo loc - gia v tr 10 va 12 (anh trang 16).

Lu y:
ng ong hut phai ln hn co hut cua may bm.

at cho loc

Cho loc khong c at sat vi ay be hoac tiep giap vi bun

(cach ay 15 cm) e tranh tac khi may hut nc

Co the dung can nha e ieu chnh cho loc tranh hut bun khi
may bm hoat ong

Can nha ieu chnh

khong cho cho loc tiep
xuc vi bun

Bo loc nc

S dung bo loc (Toro F - 40) rat co li cho cac ho khi dung he

thong ti. Bo loc co tac dung loc cac chat can ban trong nc
(nc ao, nc thai bioga) tranh tac ng ong va tep phun

Cong suat loc cua bo loc Toro F - 40 co the at 18.000 l/gi

Lu y

Bch noi may bm vi nguon nc va he thong ti

18

Neu nc sach

khong can s dung bo loc

Nen lap cho loc (van 1 chieu) hoac li loc tai au hut cua
may bm se tang hieu qua loc cua bo loc nc
Bo loc F40

19

2.6. ng ong

2.7. Cut noi

Chon ng ong dan nc di at e bao ve

ng ong khoi b v va tranh b pha huy cua anh
nang mat tri. S dung ong co chat lng tot (v
du PVC Class 2 - Tien Phong) rat de lap at, thi
gian lap at nhanh hn, o ben cao va thi gian
s dung co the tren 10 nam.

Khi lap at ng ong ngoai thc a, can phai co:

ng knh ong phu thuoc vao v tr cua ng

ong (ng ong chnh hay phu) va chieu dai cua
tha ruong.
Ba chac 90O ( T )

Ba chac 90O chuyen bac ( T )

Noi goc 90O

au noi chuyen bac

Ong nha PVC Tien Phong (Tiphoplast)

ng ong chnh: ng knh cua ong lien quan en chieu dai cua ng ong chnh (t
be cha nc en cuoi cua tha ruong)

< 40 m dai:

48 mm

40 - 80 m dai:

60 mm

80 - 150 m dai:

90 mm

> 150 m dai:

110 mm

ng ong phu:

34 mm

Chieu dai toi a cua ng ong phu la 80 m, neu qua 80 m, ng ong chnh phai at v
tr gia cua tha ruong nham am bao ap lc cua nc len ng ong va cac tep phun.
Cot tep phun:

21 mm, chieu dai cua oan ong nay la 1,3 m.

Bt au
20

Noi thang

Van
21

3. Thiet ke

2.8. Cot phun va tep phun

Tep phun c lap at vao cot phun nc bao gom:

Nguyen tac khi thiet ke he thong ti

1.

Ba chac 90O chuyen bac

21 - 34 mm

2.

Neu cac ho muon thao ri mang ve nha th phai lap them bo ren

3.

Ong PVC

4.

Noi thang ren trong

5.

Tep phun (Red Nozzle Toro Waterbird VI mini - sprinkler, 200 - 250 l/h)

Gan nguon nc

6.

Chan nc oi vi cac tep phun ngoai bien

at theo chieu ngan cua tha ruong

ng knh phu hp vi chieu dai cua ng

ong chnh (ng ong chnh cang dai, ng
knh cang ln)

21mm

21 mm: 1,3 m
21 - 16 mm

Mot ban thiet ke chuan se giam rat nhieu chi ph

au t va van hanh he thong. Do vay khi thiet ke
phai tuan theo cac tieu ch sau:
ng ong chnh:

Neu at doc:

Cot va tep phun nc

ng ong chnh phai noi t v tr cao nhat

en v tr thap nhat

ng ong phu: at theo ng ong mc

(cung o cao) vi tha ruong

May bm va bo loc: phu hp vi dien tch tha

ruong va so tep phun van hanh moi lan

Lu y
Thao cac cot tep phun ve sau moi lan s dung mat rat nhieu thi gian.

22

Ve ban o hien trang tha at

trc khi thiet ke

23

Da theo kch thc cua tha ruong va v tr cua nguon nc e phac thao thiet ke he
thong ti.
e am bao lng nc phan bo eu va thiet ke mang tnh khoa hoc, thiet ke he thong
ti phai tnh en:

Bc 1: ng ong chnh
V tr tot nhat e lap at ng ong chnh la:

T phan at cao en phan at thap cua

tha ruong nham am bao ap lc cua cac
ng ong phu nh nhau

Xac nh o tham cua at

Theo chieu ngan nhat cua tha ruong

Bao dng he thong

Gan nguon nc

Can nhac viec sau nay m rong he thong

ti

Chieu cao va khoang cach gia cac tep phun

Cong suat cua may bm s dung (1 - 4 hp)

Thiet ke am bao s dung toi a nhng g a co, tiet kiem chi ph lap at, van hanh va
nhanh hoan von au t.
Ba bc trong qua trnh thiet ke phai tien hanh ong thi:

Xac nh v tr ng ong chnh

Ve s o ng ong phu

V tr at tep phun: 5 x 5 m

Lu y:

ng ong chnh co ng knh ln van

chuyen nc hieu qua hn. Nc cho cac
van cua ng ong phu se c cung cap
ay u va ap lc nc qua cac voi phun
se cao hn

Tha ruong co dien tch ln, ng ong

chnh nen at gia - ap lc ng ong va
tep phun se am bao

ng ong chnh thang la tot nhat

Ban thiet ke hoan hao = Chi ph lap at va

van hanh thap nhat

Trang 28 phac thao s o thiet ke he thong ti

Thiet ke khoa hoc se am bao

lng nc phan bo ong eu
24

ao ranh lap at ng ong chnh

25

Bc 3: Cot phun nc va tep phun

Bc 2: ng ong phu

Tren ng ong chnh c 5 m lai cat va noi vi 1 ng ong phu. Moi ng ong phu
c noi vi 1 van

Chieu dai toi a ng ong phu la 80 m, neu qua 80 m, ng ong chnh nen at
gia ruong va khi o 2 ng ong phu oi xng se lech nhau 1 khoang e lam sao cho
de lap at va 2 ng ong gan nh thang hang (khoang 30 cm)

ng ong chnh gia tha ruong

26

Do ban knh phun nc cua cac tep phun la 5 m nen khoang cach gia cac cot phun
nc c lap at la 5 x 5 m

Lap at tat ca cac cot phun nc theo khoang cach tren e am bao cho nc
c phun eu tren tha ruong

oi vi b ruong, lng nc c ti thng khong u (b gio tat, cho khong co s

giao thoa cua 2 tep phun). S dung chan nc (180O) va lap cac tep phun ra sat b
ruong se am bao u lng nc cho co

ng ong chnh pha au tha ruong

27

4. Lap at

Thiet ke
ng ong phu

34 mm

Bt au ng ong chnh

Bt

ng ong chnh

Van

34 mm

34 mm

He thong ti co the lap at bat ke thi gian nao. Tuy nhien, tot nhat la lap at he thong
nay phai ket hp vi gieo hat ngay v nhng ly do sau:

Tiet kiem thi gian lam at khi lap at va gieo hat (ch cay, ba 1 lan sau o gieo hat
ngay)

Khong e at trong sau khi lap at, han che xoi mon va ra troi

Neu lap at ma khong gieo hat ngay, co dai moc va hat co dai lai rung trong at se
nay mam

5m

T ng ong chnh noi ong phu

Nguon
nc

Thi gian lap at:

5m

Xem lch gieo hat trang 42

Thiet ke 1: ng ong chnh at mot pha tha ruong,
ng ong phu lap 1 ben

5m
Tep phun

30 cm
5m

Bm
Be cha
nc

Thiet ke 2: ng ong chnh at gia tha ruong,

ng ong phu lap 2 ben
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4.1. Chuan b at

Xac nh dien tch va kch thc e thiet ke. S dung coc, day e cam va xac nh
moc gii theo nh thiet ke

ao ranh lap at ng ong va sau khi lap at phai lap he thong ng ong

Cay ba ky, san phang at trc khi gieo hat

4.2. ao ranh at ng ong

Khi thiet lap he thong ti, viec

au tien la phai ao ranh e
at he thong ng ong.

S dung cuoc, xeng, coc va

cang day e ao ranh cho
thang

o sau cua ranh

- ng ong chnh: 40 cm
- ng ong phu: 30 cm

ao ranh lap at ng ong di at

Lu y: Lam at sau khi lap at ng ong

Do ng ong c chon di at (o sau 30 - 40 cm) nen khi cay ba phai can than
-

Tot nhat la nen cay ba trong khoang at gia 2 ng ong phu

Khong c phep cay ba cat ngang he thong ng ong e tranh v ong

Khi thu hoach co khong cho may chay cat ngang qua ng ong phu

Chuan b at trc khi gieo hat

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ng ong chnh:
Lap ng ong chnh ve pha gan may bm
trc
Noi ng ong chnh

4.3. Noi ng ong

Lau sach cat, mun vet cat ong, nc va cac chat ban tren ong va cut noi v cac chat
ban va nc lam giam o dnh cua keo

Boi keo 2 au trc khi noi e am bao o kht

Noi 2 au ong

An chat 2 au ong va gi khoang 10 - 20 giay e keo ket dnh

Noi ng ong chnh

Noi cac ong lai vi nhau bang keo

Cat ng ong chnh e noi vi ng

ong phu

Khoang cach cac iem cat tren ng

ong chnh la 5 m

S dung Ba chac 90O chuyen bac e noi

ng ong chnh co ng knh to hn vi
ng ong phu co ng knh 34 mm

Dung ca cat sat e cat ong PVC

Cuoi ng ong chnh: bt lai bang au bt

Lau sach ong va gan keo

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Rai ong tren ranh a c ao

Noi ng ong phu

Hng dan s dung keo dan:

Lap ng ong sau khi lap at

Cat ng ong chnh e noi ng

ong phu

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ng ong phu

Lap at ng ong phu:

Noi ng ong phu ( 34 mm) vi ng ong chnh bang Ba chac 90O chuyen bac, tren
ng ong phu sat vi ng ong chnh co gan Van 34 mm.

Rai ong tren ranh va noi cac ong nc

o dai 4 m lai vi nhau

34 mm co

Co 2 cach thiet ke

Cat cac ong noi nay thanh oan dai 4,9 m

Cach 1: ng ong chnh sat b ruong, ng ong phu 1 pha so vi ng ong chnh

Cach 2: ng ong chnh gia tha ruong neu ng ong phu dai hn 80 m. Lap ng ong
phu oi xng so le nhau khoang 20 - 30 cm

Tai cac iem cat, noi vi 3 chac chuyen bac

21 mm va sau o gan vi cac cot phun nc

Cuoi ng ong phu: bt lai bang au bt

34 -

Xay gach hoac dung 1 so vat dung khac e bao ve van

34 mm.
Sau khi lap at xong, lap ng ong va co nh cot
phun nc.

Thiet ke 1: ng ong chnh sat b ruong

34

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Thiet ke 2: ng ong chnh gia ruong, ng ong phu oi xng so le nhau

Bao ve van

Cot phun nc:

ac tnh cua tep phun Toro Waterbird Micro - Sprinkler

S dung ong ( 21 mm) va cat vi chieu dai 1,3 m, phan lap at 30 cm va phan tren
mat at 1 m

Co the hoat ong di ap suat thap

Lng nc can 200 - 250 lt/gi

Mot au c noi vi ng ong phu bang Ba chac 90O chuyen bac

(Cut T) va au kia c noi bang cut noi ren trong 21 - 10 mm

t chu anh hng cua gio

Noi tep phun vi bo au noi ren trong

Hat nc to va phun eu cac pha

Co the thao tng phan e ra khi b tac. Quy trnh thao ra tep phun trang 75

34 - 21 mm

e phong mat trom, co the mang cot va tep phun ve nha bang cach noi bo ren gia
cot phun nc.

oi vi at doc, s dung loai tep phun chuyen dung co bu ap e am bao lng nc

c phan bo ong eu (e.g. Toro Pressure compensation Waterbird )
Chan nc e han che lng nc phun ra ngoai pham vi khong can thiet.

1m

1.3 m

4
3
1

Mat ruong

1: ng ong phu
2: Ba chac chuyen bac

Cot, tep phun nc va chan nc

3: Cot phun nc
4: Cut noi ren trong chuyen bac
5: Tep phun

Lu y: Bat tien khi thao cac cot phun nc ve nha

36

at va cat co the de dang chui vao ng ong

Moi lan ti viec thao ra va lap vao mat rat nhieu thi gian

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5. Lam at trc khi gieo hat

Lap toan bo ng ong

Cay ba ky at trc khi gieo hat

Sau khi cay, ba at phai c san bang phang tranh hien tng ung cuc bo khi co
ma to hoac khi ti

Ra he thong ng ong di at trc khi lap at tep phun

Lu y:

Chuan b at (cay ba va san phang) sau khi lap at he thong ti va san sang gieo hat

Ra he thong ng ong di at trc khi lap at tep phun bang cach van hanh he
thong khong co tep phun e ay toan bo cat, at a, mun va cac chat can ban trong he
thong ng ong ra ngoai.
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