FPL PROJECT

ON

Under the guidance of - Ms. T.A.Paigude

Submitted by
Aayush Mahant (162)
AbhishekFadnavis (161)
Sanket (120)
AnkushRathod(164)

INTRODUCTION
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic
semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic
binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a
scripting or glue language to connect existing components together. Python's simple, easy to
learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance.
Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse.
The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary form
without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed.
Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the increased productivity it provides.
Since there is no compilation step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging Python
programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a segmentation fault. Instead, when the
interpreter discovers an error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the
exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level debugger allows inspection of local
and global variables, evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping through
the code a line at a time, and so on. The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to
Python's introspective power. On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program is to
add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-test-debug cycle makes this simple
approach very effective.

HISTORY
The history of the Python programming language dates back to the late 1980s. Python was
conceived in the late 1980s and its implementation was started in December 1989 by Guido van
Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC programming language capable of
exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's
principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction Of Python is reflected
in the title given to him by the Python community, Benevolent Dictator for Life (BDFL).

FEATURES
1. Simple - Python is a simple and minimalistic language. Reading a good Python program
feels almost like reading English, although very strict English! This pseudo-code nature
of Python is one of its greatest strengths. It allows you to concentrate on the solution to
the problem rather than the language itself.
2. Easy to Learn - As you will see, Python is extremely easy to get started with. Python has
an extraordinarily simple syntax, as already mentioned.
3. Free and Open Source - Python is an example of a FLOSS (Free/Libr and Open
Source Software). In simple terms, you can freely distribute copies of this software, read
it's source code, make changes to it, use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you
know you can do these things. FLOSS is based on the concept of a community which

shares knowledge. This is one of the reasons why Python is so good - it has been created
and is constantly improved by a community who just want to see a better Python.
4. High-level Language - When you write programs in Python, you never need to bother
about the low-level details such as managing the memory used by your program, etc.
5. Portable - Due to its open-source nature, Python has been ported (i.e. changed to make it
work on) to many platforms. All your Python programs can work on any of these
platforms without requiring any changes at all if you are careful enough to avoid any
system-dependent features.You can use Python on Linux, Windows, FreeBSD,
Macintosh, Solaris, OS/2, Amiga, AROS, AS/400, BeOS, OS/390, z/OS, Palm OS, QNX,
VMS, Psion, Acorn RISC OS, VxWorks, PlayStation, Sharp Zaurus, Windows CE and
even PocketPC!
6. Extensible - If you need a critical piece of code to run very fast or want to have some
piece of algorithm not to be open, you can code that part of your program in C or C++
and then use them from your Python program.
7. Embeddable - You can embed Python within your C/C++ programs to give 'scripting'
capabilities for your program's users.
8. Extensive Libraries -The Python Standard Library is huge indeed. It can help you do
various things involving regular expressions, documentation generation, unit testing,
threading, databases, web browsers, CGI, ftp, email, XML, XML-RPC, HTML, WAV
files, cryptography, GUI (graphical user interfaces), Tk, and other system-dependent
stuff. Remember, all this is always available wherever Python is installed. This is called
the 'Batteries Included' philosophy of Python.

VERSIONS AND RELEASE DATES

The history of the Python programming language dates back to the late 1980s.Python was
conceived in the late 1980s and its implementation was started in December 1989 by Guido van
RossumPython 2.0 was released on October 16, 2000, with many major new features including, a
cycle-detecting garbage collector for memory management and support for Unicode. However,
the most important change was to the development process itself, with a shift to a more
transparent and community-backed process.Python 3.0, a major, backwards-incompatible
release, was released on December 3, 2008 after a long period of testing. Many of its major
features have also been backported to the backwards-compatible Python 2.6 and 2.7.
Python 1.0 - January 1994
Python 1.5 - December 31, 1997
Python 1.6 - September 5, 2000
Python 2.0 - October 16, 2000
Python 2.1 - April 17, 2001
Python 2.2 - December 21, 2001
Python 2.3 - July 29, 2003

Python 2.4 - November 30, 2004

Python 2.5 - September 19, 2006
Python 2.6 - October 1, 2008
Python 2.7 - July 3, 2010
Python 3.0 - December 3, 2008
Python 3.1 - June 27, 2009
Python 3.2 - February 20, 2011
Python 3.3 - September 29, 2012
Python 3.4 - March 16, 2014
Python 3.5 - September 13, 2015

ADVANTAGES
1. Those arbitrary and annoying little matters of style such as curly-bracket
positioning to open and closing blocks simply (and thankfully) go away.
2. Python works with the very little code the way most common use cases require,
reserving lengthy explicit coding for outliers and exceptions.
3. Python is highly approachable by complete beginners, and yet still powerful enough for
pros to use as shortcut-glue in enterprise-class apps

DISADVANTAGES
1. Concurrency and parallelism, although completely possible in Python, are not designedin for super-elegant use, as with JavaScript and Go.
2. If you choose JavaScript on the server (and by default on the client), then you only ever
need to know one language, and Python feels unnecessary.
3. If you like meta programming of the sort popular in LISP, then Pythons one-liner
anonymous functions called Lamdas are going to be limiting.

EDITORS
1. Sublime Text
2. Vim
3. Emacs
4. Notepad++
5. TextWtangler
6. IDLE
7. Atom
8. Aquamacs
9. GNU Nano
10. Kate
11. gedit