PITTURE INTUMESCENTI

Intumescent coatings
Claudio Pagella, IRIS Coatings

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Outline

Intumescence
Intumescent coatings
Fire
Fire protection
Reaction to fire
Resistance to fire

Fire testing
Regulation & standards
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Intumescent coatings

Char buildup (T > 200-250 C)

Thermal insulating char layer (expansion ratio 1:50 to 1:100)

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Pitture intumescenti - composizione

Carbonifico (carbon source)
Es. Pentaeritritolo

Donatore dacido (acid donor)

Es. APP = Ammonio Polifosfato

Espandente (blowing agent)

Es. Melamina

Legante (binder)
Es. Resine acriliche, vinilacriliche, viniliche
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Prodotto della reazione di intumescenza

Prof. Serge Bourbigot

Universite de Lille, France
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Intumescent systems at work

Intumescent coating in the cone calorimeter

(S. Bourbigot, University of Lille, 2008)
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After the fire

acrylic intumescent paint for steel

intumescent clearcoat for wood

Expansion ratio: up to 1:100 (standard 1:70 1:80)

Thermal conductivity: < 0,01 W/mK i.e. 10 times lower
than an average passive insulating foam
Protection time: up to 2 hours (R 120) or more
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Thermal properties of intumescent coatings

0.5
Thermal conductivity (W/moC)

closed profiles
open profiles

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0

200

400

600
800
o
Temperature ( C)

1000

1200

Effective thermal conductivity vs. temperature

FSD, (2002), Sweden

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Intumescent coating systems

INTUMESCENT
COATING
Sandblasted

TOPCOAT

PRIMER

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Steel

The intumescent coatings technology

1960s
Scientific studies
Pioneering applications

1980s
Industrial use

1990s
Improved testing methods

2000s
European standardization
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Fire

Every year in the European Union 4,000 people

are killed and 80,000 injured by fire
The cost of fires to European countries is on
average 1% of GDP

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Fire

RESISTANCE TO FIRE
Delay loss of loadbearing capacity (R)
Avoid passage of smoke + fire through (E)
Limit temperature on unexposed side (I)

REACTION TO FIRE
Combustibility
Self-estinguishing properties
Spread of flame rate
Behaviour at ignition/flashover
Smoke release
Optical density
Toxicity (composition index of toxic components)

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Fire protection of wood

Resistance to fire
Reaction to fire
INTUMESCENT COATINGS:
reduce carbonization rate
delay ignition

Pictures courtesy prof. Ryszard Kozowski, Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan

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Fire protection of polymers

(HIPS = High Impact PolyStyrene)

Source: ENFIRO, EU research project FP7: 226563

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Fire protection of building constructions

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Mechanical properties of steel vs. T

Loadbearing capacity
vs. temperature

Elastic modulus
vs. temperature

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Thermal capacity of steel:

the section factor

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Dimension tables
Tcr = 550 C
R (minutes)
mass factor
(m-1)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400

15

30

45

60

Tcr = 650 C
90

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Dry Film Thickness (DFT)

300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300

300
300
300
300
300
344
408
468
523
575
624
670
713
754
792
828
862
895
926

300
300
392
527
652
767
875
974
1067
1154
1236
1312
1384
1452
1516
1576
1634
1688
1739

300
458
664
854
1029
1191
1341
1481
1611
1733
1847
1954
2055
2150
2240
2325
2405
2481
2553

30

45

60

90

Dry Film Thickness (DFT)

530
885
1210
1508
1784
2038
2275
2494
2699
2891
3070
3239
3397
3547
3688
3821
3947
4067
4181

300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300

300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
318
353
385
415
444
471
496
521
544
565

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300
300
300
317
410
496
576
650
720
784
845
902
956
1006
1054
1099
1142
1183
1221

300
300
436
580
714
837
951
1058
1157
1250
1337
1419
1496
1569
1637
1702
1764
1822
1877

347
622
874
1106
1320
1518
1702
1873
2033
2182
2322
2453
2577
2694
2804
2908
3007
3100
3189

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Intumescent coatings vs. competitive technologies

Thin layer

+++

Fit to surface

+++

No change of shape

+++

Performance/DFT

+++

Low amount

+++

Little use resources

++

R time 15-60 min

+++

R time 90-120 min

Environment
Durability

+/?

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Intumescent coatings fire testing

i.e. to measure the contribution to fire resistance of
intumescent coatings
(barrier to heat transfer)

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Regulation & Standards

Eurocodes

EN 1992-1-2, EN 1993-1-2, EN 1994-1-2, EN 1995-1-2, EN

1996-1-2, EN 1999-1-2

EU product classification

Resistance-to-fire: EN 13501-2, EN 13501-3

Reaction-to-fire: Decision 2000/147/CE

Standard fire

ISO 834

Furnace standards

EN 1963-1, EN1363-2

Standard reaction-to fire

test methods

EN ISO 1882, EN ISO 1716, EN 13823 (SBI), EN ISO

11925-2, EN ISO 9239-1

Standard resistance-tofire test methods

ENV 13381-1: Horizontal protective membranes

ENV 13381-2: Vertical protective membranes
ENV 13381-3: Applied protection to concrete members
ENV 13381-4: Applied protection to steel members
ENV 13381-5: Applied protection to concrete/profiled sheet
steel composite members
ENV 13381-6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow
steel columns
ENV 13381-7: Applied protection to timber members
ENV 13381-8 Applied reactive protection to steel members

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Fire testing (resistance to fire)

ENV 13381-4 test setup, before and after the test

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Furnace
The ideal
furnace
Fuel
Burners
Internal lining
(density)
Size
Plate
thermometers
(photo: courtesy Pavus)

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The assessment of fire test results

800
Temperature ( oC)

numerical regression
differential equation
(constant lambda)
differential equation
(variable lambda)
graphical method

Heating curve
600
400

Experimental
EC3 prediction

200

FEA
Wickstrom's method

Numerical methods ?

0
0

10

20

30

40
50
Time (min)

60

70

80

Kang Hai Tan et al., 2004

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90

The end

Grazie dellattenzione!
Per tutto quello per cui mancato il tempo:
claudio.pagella@iriscoatings.it

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