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INTRODUCTION
9.2
OBJECTIVE
9.3
9.4
SIGNALING TYPES
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
SUMMARY
9.9
9.10
9.1
INTRODUCTION
GSM, signaling is any transfer of data that enables speech and data connection
between users and supports mobility management and GSM services handling.
9.2
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this chapter is to understand the need and development of GSM
Signaling. On completion of this chapter, the trainee will get:
Overview about CCS 7.
To know about use of signaling in GSM,
To know about the various Application Part of CCS 7
9.3
PSTN needs signaling for call establishing, call release and call maintaining. In
GSM, signaling can also be independent from speech. The different functions of signaling
are call control, control of services, and charging control. Mobile networks have some
special functions, such as location update, handover, subscriber administration, and short
message service.
GSM signaling can be divided into three main categories:
o Speech and data connection (set up, supervise and release a call)
o Mobility management (location update, handover)
o Subscriber administration (including all basic and supplementary GSM services)
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9.4
SIGNALING TYPES
Signaling messages can be categorized into two main types.
o Circuit-related Signaling
o Non-circuit-related Signaling
9.4.1
CIRCUIT-RELATED SIGNALING
NON-CIRCUIT-RELATED SIGNALING
Non-circuit-related Signaling occurs when the Signaling message does not contain
information about the circuit, but instead contains other information depending on the use
of the Signaling.
LAI data and (TMSI)/ (IMSI) in case of location update
Short messages in case of sending or receiving a short message
Forwarding numbers in case of activation of the call forward supplementary
service B-Mobile Subscriber International ISDN Number (MSISDN) in the Send
Routing Information (HLR Inquiry).
9.5
9.6
Originally, CCS7 consisted of two parts. The first part, the MTP, was responsible
for transferring messages within a Signaling network. The second part, the User Part
(UP), was the user of the MTP. The UP was only used for circuit-related Signaling.
However, CCS7 was created for GSM-type networks. In GSM, CCS7 is also divided into
two parts, but they are called the Functional Part (FP) and the MTP. The user is the
functional part that sends, receives, and acts depending on received Signaling
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9.7
When a subscriber makes a call, a functional part in the BSC sends the dialed
number to a functional part in the MSC. The functional part in the BSC is the BSSAP and
the functional part in the MSC is also the BSSAP. After the MSC analyses the dialed
number, the MSC knows that the call has to be routed to the PSTN because it is a PSTN
number. Thus, another functional part in the MSC will start sending call setup message
(the dialed number together with the CIC are included) to the PSTN. The ISUP is the
functional part in the MSC and in the PSTN in this case. Another Example is the location
update message is sent from the mobile to the VLR via the BSC. The BSSAP is a
functional part in both the BSC and VLR. If the VLR needs to ask subscriber data from
the HLR, another functional part will be used in the VLR and HLR. This functional part
is used only in the NSS areait is a GSM specific functional part. As a result, a MAP is
used in both the VLR and the HLR. The CCS7 protocols are shown in Figure.
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9.8
SUMMARY
In GSM, CCS no 7 signaling is used and it can also be independent from speech. The
different functions of CCS 7 in GSM are call control, control of services, and charging
control. GSM networks have some special functions, such as location update, handover,
subscriber administration, and short message service which is handled by CCS 7.
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9.9
1.
2.
GSM
signalling
can
be
divided
into
__________________________________________
three
main
categories
____________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. Signaling
messages
can
be
categorized
into
two
main
types_____________________________ & ______________________________
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) protocol is part of the Intelligent
Network (IN) implementation used for communication between a
______________________________& _________________________________.
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INTRODUCTION
10.2
OBJECTIVES
10.3
ROLE OF CSC
10.4
10.5
IMPORTANT FACTS
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
SUMMARY
10.1 INTRODUCTION
In the highly competitive environment of Mobile Communication Operations, Subscriber
handling is one of the key issues that needs at most attention and care. For better
customer care every Mobile Service provider gives high importance to the smooth and
effective functioning of CSCs (Customer Service Centre). The mobile subscriber base of
any mobile service operator depends on How well the CSCs are handling the subscriber
requirements / needs.
10.2 OBJECTIVES
After reading this unit, you should be able to:
Understand two basic types of subscriber category.
Understand Preliminary steps in subscriber creation.
Understand the basic role of CCN, CSR and CRM.
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4. (a) Using the CAF details the CSR creates a new customer using the
SIM provided to CCN and a MSISDN available in the
inventory.
(b) The new customer will be created in Customer relation
management (CRM) application. In BSNL Kenan FX software (of
Comverse) is used for CRM and Billing purpose.
5. After all the data entry by CSR and activation process initiation, the
new SIM is handed over to the customer.
6. Mobile services get activated within 24 hrs and now new customer
becomes new subscriber of BSNL Mobile Services.
Figure 1
The interrogation of subscriber related parameters is done from CSC.
To process the change of Mobile Number request received from the existing
mobile subscriber, the necessary instructions are initiated from the CSC.
Moreover using Kenan FX the CSR can Add / Delete facilities, change billing
Plans on customer account as per the customer request at any point of time.
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10.9 SUMMARY
The Customer Care Nodes or the Customer Service Centre, provides
assistance to the mobile subscriber for his Billing, GSM add-on services
and GPRS related requests. The activation, deactivation suspension of
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
After all the data entry by __________ and activation process initiation, the
_____________ is handed over to the customer.
7.
8.
9.
Write down the various categories of mobile subscriber and briefly describe them.
10. Analyse the mobile market, which category of subscriber is higher and why?
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INTRODUCTION
11.2
OBJECTIVE
11.3
VAS
11.4
WHY VAS
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
NEW VAS IN 3G
11.1 INTRODUCTION
In India, Mobile VAS has become a big part of the mobile user's life today.
With huge mobile phone subscribers in India today and having the second largest
subscriber base in the whole world - Indian Telecom Industry has started witnessing an
era when Users buy mobile phones not just to be in touch, but to express themselves, their
attitude, feelings and interests.
11.2 OBJECTIVE
Today mobile phones have moved beyond their fundamental role of voice
communications and are increasingly being used to provide a number of value added
services. Proliferation of mobile services has given an opportunity to service providers to
develop new VAS applications and generate new revenue streams. Customers
continuously want more application and services from their phone. They use their cellular
phones to play games, read news headlines, surf the Internet, keep a tab on astrology, and
listen to music, make others listen to their music, or check their bank balance.
11.3 VAS
Value Added Services are those services which are not part of basic voice but are availed
by telecom service providers to enrich their offerings.
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Page 6 of 25
Typically, in nineties SMS and itemized billing would be categorized as VAS. Later on
with the evolution of mobile networks from GSM to GPRS and EDGE Personalized
Ringtones, Caller Ringback tones(CRBT), SMS based information, Multi media
messaging (MMS) etc became the main value added services.
VAS data services are based on bearers like SMS, USSD (Unstructured Supplementary
Services Data), WAP,GPRS, EDGE and 3G.
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11.8
These services are available on short code through content providers own WAP site.
A wide range of corporate and consumer applications are enabled by non-voice mobile
services such as SMS and GPRS. This section will introduce those that are particularly
suited to GPRS.
a) Chat
b) Textual and Visual Information
c) Still Images
d) Moving Images
e) Web Browsing
f) Internet Email
g) Vehicle Positioning
h) MMS
The Multimedia Messaging service (MMS).
It is an advanced messaging service, which allows you to send Wallpapers, Video clips,
picture message.
In GPRS Network user can get the Max. /Theoretically speed upto 171.2 Kbps. To use
GPRS service user need the Handset setting.
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multimedia content to customers. BSNL has planned Video on Demand (VoD), video
streaming and other multi-media applications in 3 G network.
BSNL Live is a WAP Portal which offers one stop shop for all Information,
Entertainment, and Communication related requirements. Through BSNL Live one can
access on demand Videos clips for various categories like Bolloywood, Astrology,
recipes/ cookery, entertainment, cricket, comics/ animation, Movies and Movie trailers,
Music, Multimedia games and wallpapers, and different tones/tunes etc. It enables us to
get many Value Added Services in much simpler and friendly way.
BSNL Live provides a variety of services to suit our every day mood. To name a few
following services are on offer Movies: Movies will be streamed on demand i.e. the content will be played in real time
on your mobile from BSNL Live directly without first getting stored.
Videos: Video clips of 3-5 minutes on an average are available on demand. We can
choose videos and download from the available huge library of content. The categories of
content varies from astrology, recipes/ cookery, entertainment, cricket to beauty tips/
clips, comics/ animation, Movies and Movie trailers, Music, Multimedia games and
wallpapers, and other different tones/tunes.
Music - Full track song download: You can download full track audio songs (mp3)
of our choice through BSNL Live.
Games: Various Categories of Games viz. Regular (Simple & premium) and
multiplayer branded games are available. We can see only games which are compatible
with our handsets. Thus one needs not to worry about compatibility of games. At the time
of download the customer will be required to pay charges of games.
Accessing BSNL Live:
Any handset with WAP browsing capability can be used to access BSNL Live. BSNL
Live can be accessed by all GSM (2.5 G and 3G) subscribers. However the videos,
movies and full track songs and multiplayer games are heavy on data and to access these
services one needs to have a 3G connection otherwise his experience will be greatly
reduced and the downloads for audio and video clips will take longer time. Before one
can access the BSNL Live, one needs to have correct settings in his mobile.
APN Settings may be got done in the following way:The Handset setting is required to access the different GPRS/ 3G services by user.
a) All the settings required to access BSNL Live & avail different services on
BSNL Live will be pushed to your handset by BSNL.
b) One can also ask for the settings by sending <make> space <model> of your handset to
58355 by SMS e.g. <Nokia> space <N79> to 58355. After you send the SMS you will in
response get several settings on your handset viz.bsnllive / bsnlstream /bsnl
mms/bsnlnet etc.
c) One may also call BSNL Customer Care Center 1503 (Toll Free) to know the settings.
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Once we get all the settings, we have to save all of them. Out of these several settings the
one pertaining to BSNL Live (will appear as bsnllive) should be saved as default. In
some handsets the word Bookmark is used instead of default. Thereafter whenever one
wants to access BSNL Live one can click on his Web browser in his mobile; the BSNL
Live bookmark will be visible and clicking on it will leads to the Welcome page.
Settings for movie streaming (will appear as bsnlstream) may also be saved in mobile.
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11.11 CONCLUSION:
For the orderly and fast growth of VAS industry and the entire VAS ecosystem the
challenges and hurdles before the industry needs to be addressed promptly. The revenue
from mobile advertising is likely to open a new revenue stream for VAS players. Mobile
advertising will benefit operators, VAS players, advertisers as well as consumers. On the
user front awareness is likely to remain a problem for high end VAS. However traditional
VAS- SMS, CRBT and Ring-tones are likely to continue to grow with increased user
awareness. A facilitating regulatory framework and transparency in allocation of the
spectrum would go a long way in encouraging the service providers to aggressively push
VAS. VAS players entering into partnership with handset manufactures for implementing
embedded applications and service providers bundling the handsets may lead to greater
adoption of VAS.
Competition is really becoming fierce in VAS space and each service provider including
BSNL is making all out effort to grab a share of VAS market. BSNL has introduced
numerous VAS services on its 3G platform BSNL Live and other VAS services. There
is a need to create awareness about recently introduced services and to popularize the
services.
What are VAS services? How the differ from normal voice and SMS services.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
List and explain the end user perspective & the important considerations for VAS.
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INTODUCTION
12.2
OBJECTIVE
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
SUMMARY
12.7
12.8
12.1 INTODUCTION
In this we will discuss the call processing aspect and look into specifics case of a mobile
originated (MO) call and a mobile terminated (MT) call. We also look into short message
(SMS)
12.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the chapter is to understand the concept of call flow in GSM
network. On completion of this chapter, the trainee will get:
To know about use of RF channel in Call setup ,
To know about the MO call , MT call and SMS
Setup phase.
Ringing phase.
Conversation phase.
Release phase.
Out of these phases the setup phase is the most important phase and includes
authentication of the subscriber, Ciphering of data over radio interface, validation of
mobile equipment, validation of subscriber data at VLR for requests service and
assignment of a voice channel on A-interface by MSC. Whenever MS wants to initiate an
outgoing call or want to send an SMS it requested for a channel to BSS over RACH. On
receiving request from MS, BSS assigns a stand-alone dedicated control channel
(SDCCH) to MS over access grant channel (AGCH). Once a SDCCH has been allocated
to MS all the call set up information flow takes place over SDCCH.
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MS now sends a Call Set up Request to the MSC/VLR certain check are performed
at MSC/VLR like- whether the requested service is provisioned for the subscriber or not,
whether the dialed digits are sufficient or not after this MSC sends Assignment command
to the BSS which contains a free voice channel on A-interface On getting this message
BSS allocates a free TCH to the MS and informs the MS to attach to it. MS on attaching
to this TCH informs the BSS about it. On receiving a response from the BSS, MSC
switches the speech path toward the calling MS. Thus at the end of Assignment the
speech path is through from MS to MSC.
After assignment MSC sends a network set-up message to the PSTN requesting that
a call be set up. The PSTN may involve several switching exchanges before finally
reaching the final local exchange responsible for applying the ringing tone to the
destination phone. The local exchange will generate the ringing tone over the trunk, or
series of trunk (if several intermediate switching exchange are involved), to the MSC. At
this point in time MS will hear ringing tone. This is ringing phase.
When the destination party goes off hook, PSTN informs the MSC of this event. At
this point, MS is connected to the destination party and billing is started. This is the
conversation phase
Under normal condition, the termination of a call is MS initiated or network
initiated. In this scenario, we have assumed that MS initiates the release of the call by
pressing end button and MS send a disconnect message to the MSC and All the
resources between MSC and the MS are released.
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- Routing analysis
- Paging.
- Call setup.
- Call release.
The phases of mobile terminated (MT) call are similar to a mobile originated (MO)
call except routing analysis and paging phase. Call to a mobile subscriber in a PLMN first
comes to gateway MSC (GMSC). GMSC is the MSC, which is the capable of querying
HLR for subscriber routing information. GMSC need not to be part of home PLMN,
though it is normal practice to have GMSC as part of PLMN in commercially deployed
networks.
GMSC Send / Routing / Info-Request (SRI request) is sent to HLR. SRI request
contains MSISDN of the subscriber. HLR sends Provide / Roaming / Number-request
(PRN request)to the VLR. VLR responds to PRN request with PRN response message,
which carries an MSRN (mobile subscriber roaming number), which can be used for
routing toward visiting MSC in the network. HLR returns MSRN to GMSC (MSC that
queried HLR) in SRI response message. On getting MSRN the GMSC routes the call
towards VMSC The purpose of this entire exercise is to locate where the terminating
mobile subscriber is.
VMSC uses the LAI provided by the VLR to determine which BSSs should page the
MS. MSC transmit a message to each of these BSS requesting that a page be performed.
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Included in the message is the TMSI of the MS. Each of the BSSs broadcasts the TMSI
of the mobile in a page message on paging channel (PCH).
When MS detects its TMSI broadcast on the paging channel, it responds with a
channel request message over Random Access Channel (RACH). Now onward case is
same as we have in MO call.
The mobile-to-mobile call scenario is a combination of phases encountered in
mobile originated (MO) and mobile terminated (MT) call.
12.6 SUMMARY
Mo Call includes authentication of the subscriber, Ciphering of data over radio interface,
validation of mobile equipment, validation of subscriber data at VLR for requests service
and assignment of a voice channel on A-interface by MSC and mobile terminated (MT)
call are similar to a mobile originated (MO) call except routing analysis and paging phase
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