MATHEMATICS

DIGITAL TEXT BOOK

CLASS X

Submitted by,
Annie.s.s
B.Ed Mathematics
Reg no: 18014376003

CHAPTER 1
CIRCLES

Circle is a shape which is very

important magnificent and
having many peculiarities. Of the
closed figures having the same
circumference, the circle
deserves more importance since
it has a greater area. The photos
of celestial bodies and the shape
of the wheel and most of the
flowers are circular.

RIGHT ANGLE AND CIRCLES

If the ends of a diameter of a
circle are joined to any other
points on the circle, then what
we get is a right angle.

ANGLE AND ARCS

Y
AB
X.

AB divides the circle into two arcs

AYB and AXB.

The angle made by an arc at any

point on the alternate arc is equal
to half the angle made at the
center.
A
Q
B
AOB=280
AQP=140

SEGMENTS OF A CIRCLE
B
C
A
P
ABC is a segment. APC is another
segment.

Angles in same segment are equal.

If all the vertices of a quadrilateral

are on a circle, then its opposite
angles are supplementary

CUTTING CHORDS

C
AB
D
AB is the diameter and CD is a chord
perpendicular to it :
Then ,
AO OB = CO2

EXERCISE
In triangle ABC, we have A = 60
and B = 70 is the vertex C is inside
or outside with diameter AB.
Prove that is a pair of opposite angles
of a quadrilateral is right, and then a
circle can be drawn through all four
of its vertices.
Prove that non isosceles trapeziums
are not cyclic.

CHAPTER 2
SOLIDS
PYRAMIDS
General name of such solids are called pyramids.

The sides of the polygon forming the base

of a pyramid are called the base edge and
the other sides of the triangles are called
lateral edges . the top of a pyramid is
called its apex .
Apex
Lateral edge
Base edge

SURFACE AREA OF A PYRAMID

Surface area of a pyramid is the sum of
the surface area of the square base and
surface area of the 4 triangle faces.
Surface area of a square pyramid
=2bs+b2
Find the surface area of a square
pyramid of base length 3cm and
slant height 5cm?
Surface area of a squre pyramid
= 2bs+b2
= 235+32
=39cm2

VOLUME OF A PYRAMID
The volume of a square pyramid is a third
of the product of its base area and height.
The volume of a pyramid = ?
?b2h
Find the volume of a square
pyramid of base edge 10cm and
height 8cm?
The volume of a square pyramid
=?
?b2h
=?
? 102 8
=266?
? cm3

CONES
Such a solid is called cones.

VOLUME OF A CONE
The volume of a cone is the product of its
base area and height.
Find the volume of a cone with base
radius 4cm and height 6cm?
Base area=4 4=16cm
Height =6cm
Volume=?
? ? 426
=32? cu.cm

SPHERES
The surface area of a sphere is
the product of its radius by 4
Surface area of a sphere =4r2
What is the surface area of the largest
sphere that can be curved out from a
cube of side 8cm?
Surface area of sphere = 4r2
=4? 42
=64cm2

VOLUME OF A SPHERE
Volume of a sphere = ?
? r3

EXERCISE:
1) Find the surface area of a squre
pyramid of base length 6cm and
slant height 10cm?
2) Find the volume of a square
pyramid of base edge 12cm and
height 10cm?
3) Find the volume of a cone with
base radius 8cm and height
10cm?