You are on page 1of 174

Migration from 4G to 5G

- Revolution or Evolution ? Sept. 4th, 2013


The 6th International Workshop on 5G
Yukitsuna Furuya
Tokyo Institute of Technology

General Mobile Technology Trend by Generations


1st
Generation
Radio

FM

2nd
Generation

3rd
Generation

TDMA

CDMA

4th
Generation
OFDMA

CS

PS

Network

IMS

Tel
Service

Data
2

What is 4G ?
Officially IMT-A Mobility
is 4G.
High
Enhanc
IMT-2000ed IMTBut people call LTE
2000
Enhancement
as 4G, since there is
a large change from
Low
3G.
1

10

New
Mobile
Access

100

1000

Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)

What will be 5G then ?


Nobody knows yet
3

My view on Generation technology


Start from
limited area

Cover the
whole area

Replace the
previous generation

If there is a technology called 5G, it


must be applicable to Macro Cell
4

Requirements to future Macro Cell


technology
Very high flexibility, although many
people say higher bit rate

Frequency allocation to mobile


operators in Japan
Band
NTT docomo

700M

900M 1.5G 1.7G 2G

UQ

30

WCP

30

30

Softbank
E-mobile

Wilcom

30
30

*1

30
20

30
20
20

*2

40

Total

2.5G (MHz)
160
110
90
50
30

KDDI

20
20

800M

40
40
40

30

*3

31.2

Total: 500MHz
17% of spectrum below 3GHz
Small portion compared with industry size

31.2

Current wireless systems


Below 3GHz, many different usage
Broadcasting (TV, radio )
Special Mobile Radio

Ship, Railway, Taxi, Truck, Electricity, Gas

Public radio

Military, police, ambulance,

Satellites

LEO, Mobile satellites, GPS

Amateur radio
Wireless LAN, PAN
And so on

Too many systems !


7

From national economy viewpoint


Government should maximize economical value
of spectrum
Mobile systems are far more spectrum efficient
than other systems
Late comer
Very high traffic demand compared with spectrum
allocated

Each system has its own requirements, but many


of then can be covered technically by mobile
systems
8

SMR system trends


SMR systems are based on either TRTRA or iDEN,
Police, ambulance, disaster warning, train, ship, taxi,
electricity, gas,,,,

They need to change to broadband systems


There are many independent SMR systems, each
of them has a small chunk of spectrum
This makes broadband difficult
Infrastructure cost is high, because many overlapped
coverage by independent systems
9

SMRs should adopt LTE for broadband


LTE can provide wireless broadband service with
high spectrum efficiency, much higher than SMRs
Cellular systems will converge to LTE
Because of its market size, cost of equipment will
come down , even if it is complicated

LTE will keep evolving


Big industry effort is spent on 3GPP to make LTE
system better
Even if some function is not in LTE now, it will be
included in the future
10

Band operation re-arrangement


Railway A

Railway B

Taxi

Electricity

Operator X
New Service

New Service

TDMA
11

frequency

OFDM Arrangement

New Service

time

12

Additional requirements to LTE


Most SMRs require exclusive spectrum resource
This can be realized appropriate resource allocation.
TDMA is an example
It can be introduced to LTE
High reliability is also required

Many SMRs require group call function


LTE already have eMBMS

Some SMRs require strong security


LTE security is reasonably strong
If necessary, it can be enhance by higher protocol
13

Running LTE SMR (1)


Currently, SMR license is divided into small pieces
Each company has 100KHz or 200KHz band

A new operating company, handling many SMR


license should be established and that operator
should deploy broadband LTE
FirstNet is a good example
The operator should guarantee traffic to previous
license holders

Several business models are possible


14

Running LTE SMR (2)


There will be surplus frequency resource for
new services since LTE spectrum efficiency is
higher than current SMR
Who will use the surplus resource on what,
should be determined based on LTE network
investment
Business model should be deeply discussed

15

700MHz band allocation in US

Band 17: AT&T:LTE


Band 13: Verizon:LTE

Band 14 Public Safety Broadband


Military, police, ambulance,, combined broadband
Operator will be the FirstNet, part of government
16

Basic FirstNet concept


A new band is allocated for broadband public safety in
US
99% area coverage of US

FirstNet will provide service


FirstNet is a new US organization to run braodband public
safety

Technology is LTE
FirstNet will share the network with mobile operators
To reduce the investment on base stations

US government made some functional request to 3GPP


17

Restoration form a disaster

On emergency, communication tool is very important


Special consideration should be paid on safety wireless
18

Introduction of Very Low Rate

Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station


Activity has started in 3GPP under M2M WI

19

TV broadcast should be LTE based


Currently, digital TV systems use their own
transmission method
US, JAPAN, EU, China has their own standards

All digital TV should be TD-LTE based


Two-way communication capability on TV will help a
interesting TV program a lot
Ratio can be 20 down, 1 up link
No technical difficulty exist
Global standard
Internet TV, Mobile TV will be much simpler
20

TV broadcast should be LTE based


TV White Space will be effectively used by two
way communications
Spectrum license holder can be broadcaster or
other people
3GPP WI: L-band for Supplemental Downlink
in E-UTRA and UTRA is a starting point of this,
same as MediaFLO.

21

PMSE should be LTE based


PMSE (Program Making Special Event is a
communication system to deliver TV signal to
center site
If it is LTE based, it can use cellular LTE system,
when spectrum resource is available.
Currently, TV white space usage is under
consideration.
If both broadcasting and PMSE are LTE based,
white space can be used very effectively
22

Wireless LAN can be LTE based


Wireless LAN physical layer can be LTE layer 1
Wireless LAN chip is already produced enough
Cost down effect LTE WLAN is not so large
Interwork between LTE-WLAN will be easier

WLAN MAC should be CSMA-CA based


CSMA-CA is essential for unlicensed band
3GPP may better consider introduction of CSMACA to LTE

23

What should not be LTE based


PAN (Personal Area Network) should not be
changed to LTE
For a short distance communications, spectrum
efficiency is not an issue
In many cases, cost and power efficiency is more
important than spectrum efficiency for PAN
LTE is not designed for such a purpose

24

Summary on LTE convergence


Most of the wide area wireless systems are better
evolved to LTE
This does not mean mobile operator should
control most of the spectrum
There should be considerations on non-economic
value

If most of the systems deploy LTE, there will be a


vast economical benefit as a whole
US FirstNet is the starting point of this activity
US may introduce LTE TV broadcasting as well
25

Conclusions
High speed transmission in higher frequency is
important, but we should look at lower frequency
optimization as well
LTE will be applied to almost all wide area
wireless systems
US will lead this through FirstNet
Broadcasting will (may?) be LTE based as well

Next change to mobile radio technology is to


increase flexibility so that it can be applied to
many other wireless systems
26

5G Mobile Communication
Networking Technology
Professor WANG Jing
Tsinghua University, China
wangj@tsinghua.edu.cn
2013.07.17.

Outline
Future

Requirements
Technology Developments
Hyper-cellular Architecture
Conclusions

Future Requirements

Future Requirements

Mobile terminal market

Mobile Service Market

Over 3 billions of Laptops, Pads and


Smart phones

Over 5 billions of download


applications

Mobile data traffic is doubled


every 13 months

Requirement Forecast

Total subscriber base increases


10% YoY

Mobile broadband penetration to


reach 100% by 2020

Traffic volume per subscriber


increases 25-40% YoY

Traffic volume increases by:

x150-500 from 2010 to 2020 and


x3000-30000 from 2010 to 2030

The 1000x data challenge (ref 2010) may likely happen during the period 2022-2026

Technology goals of the 5G

METIS Project Objectives

C5G Project Objectives

Area Data Throughout of 25 times Improvement to 4G


Frequency Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G
Service Data Throughput of 10Gbps
Energy Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G

Technology Developments

Air Interface Technologies

4G
UMTS

3G
2G

GSM

1990

GPRS

EDGE

1995

5G

???
LTE-C

LTE

LTE-A

LTE-B

HDPA

HSPA+

UMTS-A

EDGE+

2000

New Air
Interface

QAM+OFDM+MIMO

GMSK+CC +TDMA QPSK+TC +CDMA

2005

Evolution

2010

2015

2020

Transmission Technology Contributions

Where are
we going to?
MIMO

ICIC

System Architecture Evolution

R99R5R8 (3GPP)
From Tree to full mesh

Coverage Limitations
Frequency efficiency of cell edge
Environment Downlink Uplink
(bit/s/Hz) (bit/s/Hz)
Indoor
0.1
0.07
Microcellular
0.075
0.05
Base coverage
0.06
0.03
urban
High speed
0.04
0.015

Average frequency efficiency


Environment
Indoor
Microcellular
Base coverage
urban
High speed

Downlink
(bit/s/Hz)

Uplink
(bit/s/Hz)

3
2.6
2.2

2.25
1.80
1.4

1.1

0.7

Small Cell Limitations


Path loss exponent decreases with
reducing cell size because of LOS
happening more
Inter-cell Interference increases
Significantly with Decreasing of Path
loss exponent

Capacity (users/MHz/km2)

Network capacity does not improve


Continuously with decreasing cell
size because of ICI
Cell size

Possible Solutions for 1000x

3x increase in spectrum

6x improvement in spectral efficiency

Re-farming Existing bands for more efficient use


New licensed bands, including higher frequencies for hot-spot
Higher-order modulation to 256QAM to increase the amount of data transported per
Hz of spectrum
3D MIMO and massive antenna beam forming with arrays of as many as 100+
antenna elements
Coordinated multiple point transmission and interference management techniques to
improve cell-edge performance

56x higher average cell density in HetNet configurations

The addition of many layer cells including macro, micro, pico, femto, relay,
phantom,
Traffic Balancing and offloading of many modes including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G,
WiFi,
Clouds of antennae will provide the biggest boost to capacity through extreme
frequency reuse.

Sourcehttp://www.wiseharbor.com/index.html

ICI Cancellation Performance

AP1

AP2

4X4 MIMO
20MHz Bandwidth @ 3.5GHz
APs(antennas only) connect Computing
Unit by RoF

MT
AP1+AP2 CoMP

only
only

Source: China FuTURE Project

TACSGSM4 times2G
GSM UMTS2.5 times3G
UMTS LTE2.5 times4G

Spectral Efficiency x 25

Lessons learnt from Past 40 Years

Spectrum Employed x 25

Network density improves system capacity of 60


times compared other domains.

Source: http://www.arraycomm.com/technology/coopers-law

5G Technologies should Enable Net Work

CoMP: ICIC

Cell Density: 250m33m

Algorithm + Architecture
Small cell, phantom cell
HetNet: layers and modes

Mobility:

Handoverhorizontal and vertical


Connectivityalways online

Hyper-Cellular Architecture

Hyper-Cellular Architecture (HCA)

Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane

Seamless coverage of C-Plane/U-Plane


Soft coverage of D-Plane
Soft access mode matching
Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems

D-Plane Implemented by Distributed Wireless


Communication Systems (DWCS)

Virtual Node-B
Virtually Cell

Separating the Coverage of


C-Plane and D-Plane

The decoupling of the control signaling coverage and traffic data


coverage

Coverage Example

Soft access mode matching


Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems

C-Plane

GSM 900MHz

D-Plane

WiFi 2.4GHz

LTE 3.5GHz

DWCS Based D-Plane

Node C1

Node C2
Node A
MT1

Cable/Fiber
MT2

Node C3

Node C4

Elements in DWCS

NodeA: Antenna Units

NodeC: Computation Units

MT oriented Processing

Virtual Cells

2013/8/27

High performance mashed network

Virtual NodeB=NodeAs+NodeC

Modems, filters,

Connection Between NodeA and NodeC

Interfaces between air and fiber

MT oriented coverage
23

Inter-Antenna Interference Cancellations


under DWCS

MTs with WCDMA voice


1

Outage probability

0.1

m=1,=3
m=2,=3
m=4,=3
m=1,=4
m=2,=4
m=4,=4

0.01

1E-3

1E-4
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Number of mobiles per antenna

Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, 2003

90

100

110

DWCS Example C-RAN

C-RAN is proposed by the China Mobile (CMCC)

Baseband processing is Centralized logically

Radio processing is Cooperative

Computation Units is real-time Cloud

Systems is Clear (Green ), energy saving systems

C-RAN Construction
BBU Pool

BBU Pool

BBU Pool

X2+
PHY/MAC PHY/MAC

X2+
PHY/MAC

PHY/MAC

PHY/MAC

PHY/MAC

Real-time Cloud
Fiber Transmission

Cooperative
Radio

Distributed RRU
RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU
RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

HCA Advantages

Connection Suitable for Diverse RANs

Different operation modes: 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi,


Different coverage layers: Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto,
Relay, Phantom,
Different AI constructions: eNodeB, NodeB, DAS, C-RAN,
DWCS,

Energy Management: AP on/off, Power control,


Good Performance

Good Connectivity & Mobility


Flexibility, Scalability, Cost & Energy efficiency

Challenges of HCA Realization

Optimize Coverage of C-Plane

Optimize Coverage of D-Plane

Service oriented
UE oriented
Energy oriented

Redefine Radio Resources

Unified signaling capacity


Special services in U-Plane

Time slot, frequency band, location, beams, mode, layer, etc.

Redefine the signaling procedure

Defining Cell-ID, Synchronizing, Accessing, Handover, Paging,


Power control, Radio resource management, etc.

Challenges of DWCS Realization

High Quality Network


Broad band up to Tbps
High timing accuracy reach ps
Full meshed connection

High Performance Computing Units


Reconfigurable
Scalable
Reliable
Real-time Cloud

Conclusions
Networking technologies play an
important role in the 5G systems
The Hyper-Cellular architecture splits
coverage of signaling and data to meet
the evolution of mobile networks
DWCS can meet requirements of radio
technology evolution

5G WORKSHOP

Past Decades

All-IP

IP absorbed other communication protocols

Personalization
Customized services
Smartphone is a personal computer

Mobile

Most used information device is a mobile phone

Social
Sharing information with acquaintances
Users produce information

Smartphone

The biggest disruption


3G(4G) + Cloud service + Mobility
Mobile device is not inferior but superior

Future Internet Trends

Scalability
billion (2008) 2 billon (2014) PCs
200 million (2008) 2 billion (2014) smartphones
5 exabytes (2005) 990 exabytes (2012) data
13 exabytes (2010) 42 exabytes (2014) consumer
monthly data
1

Heterogeneity
vehicles,

sensors, smartphones, home appliances

Mobility
From Internet of contents to Internet of services

Accelerating Trends

On-demand
Context-aware

information
Services should be ready before requested

Personalization
From

Mobile
New

personal device to personal service


services will start from mobile services

Social
More

information will be spread through social network

New Challenge

Information inequality
Access

to information is a part of basic right


Bigger gap between economic status

Cyber security
Mobile

services are more prone to security attack

More intelligent devices


How

to embed intelligence into more mundane devices

New Service Area

Conquer non-IP communication


Broadcasting,

Expand into not-yet computerized/connected area


Automotive

law enforcement, medical services

to clothing

Augmented Human Intelligence


Health Care
Reduce

medial cost
From public health care to personal health service

Requirement

Continuous flow of information


Virtually limitless flow of information
Bi-direction flow of information
High value knowledge extraction from information
Device-transparency

Mobile Cloud

Cloud centric services are not sustainable


Too

much traffic between mobile network and IP


backbone

Mobile backhaul will be a cloud network


Mobile

backhaul will be bigger than current cloud


datacenter

Cloud Networking

Cloud service = computing + networking

Diverse traffic characteristics

Customer traffic
Multimedia
Interactive service

Infra traffic
Short important messages
Bulk data transfer
Inter-data center traffic

Data source is integrated with delivery channels


Strong incentives on network innovation

Network performance has huge impact on service quality

New Topology

Cloudservice provider
(Naver, Google, )

Future network

Current network

5G

Future Radio Access for 5G


Yoshihisa Kishiyama
NTT DOCOMO, INC.

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

Network/Communication Society
in 2020 and Beyond
Extension/enrichment
of wireless services

Everything Connected
by Wireless
Monitor/collect information & control devices
Multiple personal
devices

Transportation
(Car/Bus/Train)

Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safety


Video streaming

New types of
terminal/HI

4K
Interaction across
multiple devices

Consumer
electronics

Entertainment, Navigation
Traffic information

Watch/jewelry/cloth
s

4K/8K video resolutions


Video on newspapers
Background video

Healthcare

Human interface
and healtchcare
sensors

Remote operation using


personal terminal

Education

Remote health
check &
counseling

House

Sensors

Cloud computing

Remote control of
facilities
House security

Smart power grid


Agriculture and farming
Factory automation
Weather/Environment

All kinds of services supported


by the mobile personal cloud

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

Glasses/Touch internet

Distance (remote) learning


Any lesson anywhere/anytime

Safety and lifeline system

Prevention of accidents
Robustness to disasters

FRA concept and requirements

500 -1000 x capacity/km2

100 x more connected devices


Lower overhead incl. reduced control signaling
Enhanced connectivity, e.g., deep inhouse

10-100 x higher user data rates


Reduced latency to < 1 ms
Support of high mobility
Terminal battery saving

Very small/light BS with energy saving


Reduced network cost incl. backhaul
Automatic network optimization for diverse
environments incl. emergency cases

Future Radio Access (FRA) will provide a total solution


to satisfy the requirements by future drivers
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

Evolution paths for FRA

Further LTE enhancements


Macro-assisted small cell enhancement
(Phantom cell)
Further general LTE enhancements

Potential new RAT

Performance

Should prioritize the achievement of more


big gains over backward compatibility
Consider new spectrum allocations of
WRC-15 and beyond
Some technical components may be
applied to further LTE enhancements

Macro-assisted
small cell enhancement
(Phantom cell)
LTE-Advanced

LTE

Rel-12/13
Rel-10/11

Rel-8/9
Pico/Femto

CA/eICIC/CoMP
for HetNet

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

WRC-15

~2015

Future Radio Access


(= Future IMT = 5G?)

Potential
New RAT
Big gain

Rel-14/15,
Further LTE
enhancements
WRC-18/19
~2020

Year

Considerations on New RAT


New RAT should achieve significant gains
New RAT could be non-backward compatible to LTE
What is the major change that characterizes New RAT?

New numerology?
New waveform?
New frame structure?
New idle mode?
Other things?
Or combinations of above?

New RAT should support all scenarios supported by LTE or not?


Option 1

Option 2

New RAT covers all LTE scenarios in


addition to specific scenarios that LTE does
not support

New RAT covers part of LTE scenarios


and specific scenarios that LTE does not
support

New RAT

New RAT

LTE

LTE

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

Directions of evolution: The Cube


A set of radio access technologies is required
to satisfy future requirements
Required performance
Spectrum efficiency
Traffic offloading
TRx
TRx
TRx

WiFi

TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx

Non-orthogonal multiple access

Controller

3D/Massive MIMO,
Advanced receiver

Network densification

Current
capacity

Hotspot Dense urban


Shopping mall

Study for new interference scenarios

Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies

Spectrum extension
Existing cellular bands

Cellular network assists


local area radio access

Higher/wider frequency bands


Very wide

Super wide

New cellular concept for cost/energyefficient dense deployments

Frequency

Efficient use of higher spectrum bands


NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

FRA technical concept


Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands
Higher frequency bands become useful and beneficial!
Existing cellular bands

Higher frequency bands

(high power density for coverage)

(wider bandwidth for high data rate)


Very wide
(e.g. > 3GHz)

Super wide
(e.g. > 10GHz)

9 No coverage issue any


more
9 Can provide very high
throughput using wider
bandwidth
9 Big offloading gain from
existing cellular bands

Frequency

FRA technical concept


Further cellular
enhancements
al
n
o
g
tho ess
r
o
Non le acc .
ip
c
mult MA), et
(NO

Exploitation of higher
frequency bands
t
p
e
c
on
c
l
l
e
c
m
lit)
o
p
t
s
n
Pha U plane
(C/

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

O,
M
I
e M rame
v
i
s
Mas ology/f
er
c.
t
m
e
u
,
N
gn
desi
7

Phantom cell concept


Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands
Phantom cell Split of C-plane & U-plane between
macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2]
Macro cell

Upl
an
e

C- p

Phantom cell

lan
e

Existing
cellular bands

Higher
frequency bands
[1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012.
[2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.

C-plane: Macro cell maintains


good connectivity and mobility
using lower frequency bands
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

U-plane: Small cell provides higher


throughput and more flexible/costenergy efficient operations using
higher/wider frequency bands
8

Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO Beamforming using massive antenna
elements in higher frequency bands
Essential technology to achieve effective cell range
Example 2D antenna configuration
d
20cm

LTE 3D-MIMO Massive MIMO

Antenna element
spacing (d)

3.5 GHz
( = 8.6 cm)

10 GHz
( = 3 cm)

20 GHz
( = 1.5 cm)

0.5

16

169

676

0.7

81

361

20cm

Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency


Cell range extension
by beamforming gain

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

Improved spectrum efficiency with


(multi-user) spatial multiplexing

Massive MIMO & Macro-assisted

Massive MIMO
Potential issue Coverage
for common channels
(system information, paging,
synchronization signal, etc.)

Small cell

Macro cell

The combination of
Massive MIMO and
Macro-assisted small cell
will provide adequate cell coverage even with a high frequency
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

10

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)


Processing power
in Devices

Effort for
Effort for
Orthogonality Interference Mitigation
Equalizer,
FDMA,TDMA,
MIMO
CDMA, OFDMA Canceller

Exploitation of
power-domain, path loss
difference among users,
and UE processing power
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

Intentional
Non-orthogonality

NOMA
Cell
CellThroughput
Throughput(Mbps)
[Mbps]

f,,
code

f,,
code

25
OMA with frequency
scheduling NOMA with wideband
scheduling

20
30% gains

15
OMA with wideband
scheduling

10
0

20 40 60 80
UEspeed[km/h]
UE Speed(km/h)

100
11

Other potential technologies

New numerology and frame structure for:

Higher frequency bands


Wider frequency bandwidths
Small cells
Reduced latency
etc.

New waveforms
UL OFDM
FBMC, FTN, etc.

Contention based UL access for:


Lower overhead and reduced latency for small packets from, e.g. M2M terminals

Flexible NW for:

NW cost reduction
Coverage enhancement
Mitigation of fronthaul/backhaul bottlenecks
QoE improvement
Moving NW/mobile relay
D2D
Caching at base station/mobile terminal
etc.

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

12

FRA Real-time Simulator


The potential performance gains of applying key FRA
technologies are demonstrated using FRA real-time
simulator.
Demo Scenario
Spectrum extension x NW densification
Efficient exploitation of higher
frequency bands using small cells

Key technology for small cells


Massive MIMO

Key technology for macro cells


Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

13

FRA real-time simulator


400 MHz BW@10 GHz 600 MHz BW@20 GHz With Massive MIMO

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

14

11 GHz Band 10 Gbps Field Experiments


Specifications of off-line experimental system
Transmission scheme

8x16 MIMO-OFDM

Transmit power per antenna

25 dBm

Occupied bandwidth

400 MHz

Subcarrier spacing

195 kHz

No. of active subcarriers

pilot: 32, data: 2000

Modulation scheme

64QAM

Channel coding

turbo code, R = 3/4 (11.8 Gbps)

MIMO detection

turbo detection

Transmitter inside MS

Measurement course (Ishigaki Island, Japan)


MS with 8 transmit antennas

16 BS receive antennas:
65 degrees beam,
15 dBi

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

15

Measurement Results on Field Experiments


Measured average SNR

Throughput Performance

Measured delay spread

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

16

Summary
We presented our views on vision, requirements and potential
key techologies for Future Radio Access (FRA):
Macro-assisted small cell, i.e., Phantom cell, and Massive MIMO are
promising in the long-term future for higher/wider frequency bands
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technology
for future cellular enhancements
Other technologies, e.g. new numerology/frame structure, new
waveform, contention based UL and flexible NW need to be further
studied

FRA technical concept


Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands

Further cellular
enhancements
al
n
o
g
tho ess
r
o
Non le acc .
ip
c
mult MA), et
(NO

Exploitation of higher
frequency bands
pt
e
c
n
o
c
l
l
e
mc
lit)
o
p
t
s
n
Pha U plane
(C/

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

O,
M
I
e M rame
v
i
s
Mas ology/f
er
tc.
m
e
u
,
n
N
g
desi
17

NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.

18

To Beyond 4G Mobile
Communication and 5G

Pang-An, Ting
ICL / ITRI
September 2013

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Outline
Perspective requirements in 2020
Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
Feasible technologies for 5G
ITRIs planning on 5G system

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Outline
Perspective requirements in 2020
Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
Feasible technologies for 5G
ITRIs planning on 5G system

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Progress of Telecommunication Era


--- My Viewpoints
Generations

5G
4G
3G
4G

Regard 3G as a
platform of

3G

Gossip

+
Globalization

Gaming
Girls

Radio
bands
Standard

+
Growth
Gbps
everywhere
Giga number
of devices

Time
2000
Copyright 2013 ITRI

2010

2020
4

Definition of Beyond 4G
3GPP activities

LTE-Advanced (4G)

Source: 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for


Mobile Broadband by Erik Dahlman etc.

LTE

B4G

Source : MTK

Rel-12
Copyright 2013 ITRI

Perspective Requirements at 2020


Demand of mobile data traffic

Spectrum supply and usage

Annual Traffic(ExaB)
SourceNSN, Cisco, (Oct 2012)

Copyright 2013 ITRI

SourceRysavy Research (Oct 2012)

Perspective Requirements at 2020

(xMbps to xGbps)
(x sec to x msec)

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Perspective Requirements at 2020

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Three Dimensions for Capacity Improvement


Spectrum
Efficiency

Spectrum
Extension/
Utilization

Network
Efficiency/
Density

1000x
Capacity

Dimensions

Feasible technologies

Spectrum
efficiency

Interference management and traffic adaptation (IMTA)


Multiple antennas (MIMO) / Massive MIMO / Smart antenna

Spectrum
extension

Network

configuration

& optimization

Copyright 2013 ITRI

New Carrier Type (NCT)


Carrier aggregation (CA)
TV white space
Visible Light Communication (VLC)
Cognitive Radio (CR)
Small cell deployment (relay / backhaul)
Efficient machine type communication (MTC)
Direct communication (D2D)
Self-organizing network (SON)
Heterogeneous network (HetNet)
Software-defined network (SDN)
9

Outline
Perspective requirements in 2020
Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
Feasible technologies for 5G
ITRIs planning on 5G system

Copyright 2013 ITRI

10

LTE Release 12 and Beyond

Copyright 2013 ITRI

11

LTE Release 12 and Beyond

Bandwidth expansion

Signaling supporting up to 100


MHz from carrier aggregation

Densification

2 bps/Hz

HetNet interference
management
Mobility management

4x2

3 bps/Hz

2.8 bps/Hz

12%*

4x4

eMIMO CoMP

8x2

He
tNe
t (4

DL avg. cell
throughput

LP

no

7%*

des

2.3%

)
eICIC CoMP

Spectral efficiency

10 bps/Hz
0.06 bps/Hz

0.09 bps/Hz

0.07 bps/Hz

4x2

4x4

(4
Net
Het

CoMP
MIMO
More successful in fairness
improvement than increasing
spectral efficiency
Managed to bend the curves
somewhat, but havent been
able to shift the curves much

2.7%

LP n
s)
ode

DL cell edge user


throughput

8x2

4%

eICIC

10%*
eMIMO

30%*
CoMP

20%

CoMP

0.07 bps/Hz
* w.r.t. 4x2 SU-MIMO
Copyright 2013 ITRI

12
12

Potential Technologies
Small Cell Enhancement

Copyright 2013 ITRI

13

Potential Technologies
LTE-WiFi Integration

Copyright 2013 ITRI

14

Outline
Perspective requirements in 2020
Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
Feasible technologies for 5G
ITRIs planning on 5G system

Copyright 2013 ITRI

15

Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution


Revolution path
(Radio Access)

Evolution path
(Network Architecture)

Peak Rate

System
Performance

LTE-B,C
enhanced
Local Area Access

LTE-A
LTE

Mbps

UMTS
WCDMA

Rel-12/13 onward
Kbps

CA/eICIC/CoMP

GSM

Rel-10/11

Pico/Femto
Rel-8/9

bps

AMPS

Time
Time

Copyright 2013 ITRI

LTE
OFDMA

1980

1990

2000

2010

16

Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution


Evolution
path

Cloud RAN
Multi-RAT aggregation
( License / unlicensed bands )

(Bandwidth
aggregation)

Carrier
Aggregation

HetNet

Massive
MIMO

3D
antenna

Beam
Forming
with
mobility

(New Carrier
Type)

MMWave
NCT

2012

Copyright 2013 ITRI

2013

Revolution
path

2014

2015

2016

17

Potential Technologies
CA of Alternative Spectra

Current Layer 2 structure has good flexibility and


extensibility to aggregate 3GPP or non-3GPP families
of technologies.
Not much impact on Layer 2 and upper layers
Better resource management for both LTE and non-LTE
carriers

Continue the success and bring in more spectra


Radio Bearers

Radio Bearers
ROHC

...

ROHC

Security

...

...

ROHC

ROHC

...

ROHC

Security

Security

...

Security

Segm.
ARQ etc

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

PDCP

RLC

RLC

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

...

ROHC

ROHC

...

ROHC

Security

...

Security

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

PDCP
Security

...

Security

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

Segm.
ARQ etc

...

CCCH BCCH PCCH

CCCH BCCH PCCH

Logical Channels

Logical Channels

Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling

Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling


Multiplexing UE1

...

Multiplexing UEn

MAC

MAC

Multiplexing UE1

...

HARQ

Multiplexing UEn

HARQ

HARQ

...

HARQ

DL-SCH

DL-SCH

Layer 2 Structure for DL


Copyright 2013 ITRI

HARQ

...

HARQ

Transport Channels

Transport Channels
BCH

PCH

DL-SCH
on CC1

DL-SCH
on CCx

DL-SCH
on CC1

DL-SCH
on CCy

BCH

PCH

Layer 2 Structure for DL with CA


18
18

CA of Alternative Spectra
Candidates for Further Aggregation

3GPP family

LTE + HSPA, LTE FDD + TDD

Unlicensed bands
Visible Light Communication (VLC) ideal for LTE CA

Non-3GPP based technologies

Integration of WiFi happening in different


levels

Utilize all available means of


communication in a phone

IP layer at PDN Gateway outside of core network


IP layer at nodeB or other nodes inside core
network

ima
ge s
ens
o

Elevated TSG SA working groups activities


herald changes are coming
RAN plays important role in 2nd level
integration
CA of WiFi can be a third and tightest level of
integration

BW = 76 MHz
SMH
(TV bands)
700 MHz

BW = 140 MHz

BW = 90 MHz

BW = 97 MHz

BW = 530 MHz

BW = 8.64 GHz

Cellular

PCS

AWS

WLAN
802.11b/g/n

WLAN
802.11a/n/ac

Wireless
Gigabit

Visible Light
Communication

800 MHz

1900 MHz

2100 MHz

60 GHz

700 THz

BW = 50 MHz

2.4 GHz

5 GHz

Frequency

US spectrum map
Copyright 2013 ITRI

19
19

Potential Technologies
3D Beamforming and Massive MIMO

Copyright 2013 ITRI

20

Potential Technologies
A Vision of Network Architecture beyond 4G

Copyright 2013 ITRI

21

Potential Technologies
Ultr-Dense Network

Copyright 2013 ITRI

22

Potential Technologies
Diverse Radio Access Technology Convergence

Copyright 2013 ITRI

23

Potential Technologies
Network Intelligence

Copyright 2013 ITRI

24

Potential Technologies
Device to Device Communication

Copyright 2013 ITRI

25

Potential Technologies
Wireless Transport Network

Copyright 2013 ITRI

26

Potential Technologies
Cloud Based Management & SON

Copyright 2013 ITRI

27

Key Enablers

Copyright 2013 ITRI

28

Outline
Perspective requirements in 2020
Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)

Feasible technologies for 5G


ITRIs planning on 5G system

Copyright 2013 ITRI

29

5G System Architecture (1/2)


Global Control Local Data
Scenarios

Salient Features
Control plane is backward compatible to 4G access
technology
5G access acts as a new carrier component of 4G

5G New Carrier Type (NCT)

mmWave radio

Live-demo at peak data rate


higher than 1Gbps by end of 2014

5G fast data transmission under 4G signaling & control

Wireless backhaul with low latency


Aggressive module and system designs regarding
massive MIMO technologies

Coverage up to 2Km

4G/5G multi-RAT / multi-mode


Coexistence

Inter-BS wireless backhaul


4G LTE Carrier
5G New Carrier
VLC Carrier

4G eNB

5G eNB

W
ire
d

RRH

ba
ck
ha
ul

radio

backh
aul

5G eNB

VLC b
ackha
ul

Activ
e

Syste
m

...

d
ire
W

Inter-eNB resource
aggregation

RRH

Ante
nna

ba
ha
ck
ul

Spatial
modulation

Massive
MIMO
D2D
VLC Cell

Copyright 2013 ITRI

30

5G System Architecture (2/2)


Phase array design for multiple antennas

Scenarios

mm-Wave link between BS


and UE for 1Gbps data rate

Coverage up to 2Km

Salient Features
High resolution phase array using
modified BUTLER matrix system
Laser Induced Metallization process
for high integrated and high gain UE
antenna
Beam-forming by massive MIMO with
beam acquisition & tracking

6-sector mm-Wave
Base Station

mm-Wave
UE module
Copyright 2013 ITRI

31

Baseband Requirements

Requirements for advanced 5G


access platform technology
High sampling and data exchange
rate for large bandwidth
High computing power capability
for high throughput signal
processing
Support for massive MIMO and
hybrid beamforming

Requirements for advanced 5G


baseband signal processing
technology
High throughput modulator and
de-modulator and MIMO
detector
High throughput channel codec
3D hybrid beamforming and UE
beam tracking optimization

In-campus Prototyping and Deployment

UE

BS

Massive MIMO

Massive MIMO

Laser Induced
Metallization process
for high integrated
and high gain UE
antenna

6-sector MMWave

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Scenarios

mm-Wave link between BS


and UE

5G New Carrier Type (NCT)

BW : scalable
bandwidth up to 1GHz

mmWave radio

Live-demo at peak data


rate higher than 1Gbps

Coverage up to 2Km

MMWave link

Massive MIMO

Carrier freq. : 24 GHz

Inter-BS wireless backhaul

Salient Features

High resolution phase


array using modified
BUTLER matrix system

Laser Induced
Metallization process
for high integrated and
high gain UE antenna

Beam-forming by
massive MIMO with
beam acquisition &
tracking
33

Conclusion
My viewpoint on 5G

Driving Force as Bowstring

Take GROWTH as a key word

In terms of

Capacity per area

Devices by IoT

Evolution Path as Bow

LTE/LTE-A supports infrastructure

Horizontal/Vertical HetNet

Evolution Path

Revolution Path

Revolution Path as Arrow

Take NCT as a good opportunity


for 5G

Higher band radio such as


millimeter wave technology

Massive MIMO radio such as


phase array technology

Copyright 2013 ITRI

Driving Force

34

Fast Moving Backhaul

ILGYU KIM
Mobile GiGa Transmission Research Section
Wireless Transmission Research Department
Communications Internet Research Laboratory

Introduction
Increase of mobile data traffic

bandwidth killer:
portable and intellingent terminal

By Device Type
Terabytes per Month
Nonsmartphones
Smartphones

(=X 24)

Laptops
and Netbooks
Tablets
Home Gateways

X 515

X 122

M2M
Other
Portable Devices

<Ref.> 2011.Feb., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010-2015

Introduction
Increase of data traffic at high speed transportation
Most consumers uses high speed wireless internet services at Low or
high mobility environments.
90% of traffic Big Bang comes from VoD and Cloud services

Wireless Internet use

Seamless service is required for 6.9 billion (BUS), 2.2 Billion (Subway), 1 Billion
(train) users in Korea

Freedom of two hands !

Low

Medium

High mobility
(above 100km/h )

Introduction
Property of existing cellular systems
Optimized for (low speed) pedestrian user
Performance Characterization

0~15 km/hr

Optimal

15~120 km/hr

High

120 ~ 350 km/hr :

Functional

Existing cellular system


cannot meet user requirement
at high mobility !

Wireless Internet use

Velocity Range

Low

Medium

High mobility
(above 100km/h )

MHN
Project Goal
Same QoS is provided for high speed mobile users compared to
static/low-speed moving users
Provide very high data rate (Gbps level) for wireless backhaul
Target spectrum efficiency is 4 bps/Hz @ 400 km/hr

Wireless Internet use

MHN : Mobile Hotspot Network

Low

Medium

High mobility
(above 100km/h )

MHN
Project overview
Development of a next generation mobile wireless backhaul system to
provide gigabit mobile service to users on a high-speed transportation
By using mmWave (SHF/EHF)
Mobile Hot spot Network

SHF : Super-High Frequency


(3 GHz 30 GHz)

User Equipment

Smallcell

mTE

EHF : Extremely-High Frequency


(30 GHz 300 GHz)

3G/4G
Network

Public
Internet

WiFi
Femto
4G & MHN Service

mRU

MHN Server

mTE

mDU

mTE

MHN
Transport
Network

mGW

mGW

* mGW: mobile gateway, mDU: mobile node-B digital unit, mRU: mobile node-B RF unit, mTE: mobile terminal equipment

MHN
High-speed train usage case (Railways)

SHF : Super-High Frequency


(3 GHz 30 GHz)
EHF : Extremely-High Frequency
(30 GHz 300 GHz)

mTE Device on the roof of the carriage top


Inside : WiFi or Femto
HSS

MME

PCRF

eNB

Public Internet

SGW

eNB

PGW

Cellular

Cellular

mDU

mGW

mDU
mRU

mRU

mRU

SHF/EHF

mTE
WiFi/Femto

WiFi/Femto

mRU

mTE
WiFi/Femto

MHN
High-speed bus/car usage case (Highways)

mTE Device on top of the bus


Inside : WiFi or Femto
HSS

MME

PCRF

eNB

SGW

Public Internet

eNB

PGW

Cellular

Cellular

mDU

mGW

mDU
mRU

mRU

mRU

SHF/EHF
mTE
WiFi/Femto

mTE
WiFi/Femto

mRU
mTE
WiFi/Femto

MHN
Challenging development items
Radio transmission technology optimized for wideband mmWave
spectrum
Technology to overcome high Doppler effect

Efficient AFC algorithm both on downlink and uplink


Technology to overcome high path loss of mmWave

Fixed or Adaptive beamforming


DAS-MIMO
Efficient handover protocol at high speed (@400 km/hr)

No drop time, No data loss


mRU

wireless backhaul

mTE

DAS : Distributed Antenna System


AFC : Automatic Frequency Control
8

MHN
Radio transmission bandwidth

Considering both of available frequency resources and technical


issue
Basic : 125 MHz
carrier aggregation

125 MHz

Frequency

MHN
OFDM Symbols

Considered 400 km/h speed at 27 GHz carrier center frequency


Considered delay spread for 1 km cell radius
Subcarrier spacing 180 kHz and 1/8 CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

1 slot = 40 OFDM symbols = 250 us

6.25 us
0.69 us

5.56 us

10
10

MHN
Multiple Access
OFDM based structure for both downlink and uplink

Spectral efficiency of 4 bps/Hz can be achieved at 400 km/h speed

Multiple mTE can share the frequency time resources


1

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

12

11
10

50 RB (108 MHz)

Fast moving mTE can be served 2 Gbps services over 500 MHz full bandwidth

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

slot

11
11

MHN
AFC is important

Doppler shift impairment UL performance degradation


fo
feNB-TX

UE AFC

fUE-RX

feNB-RX

fo
fUE-TX

feNB-RX

2fo

eNB

12

MHN
Candidate frequencies
Frequency Usage in Korea

13

MHN
Beamforming
Coverage (Highway case)
Cell radius (distance between mRUs) : 1 Km

z()

y()
x()

40m

1000m

Antenna beam pattern to cover service area


(Elevation/Azimuth)
14
14

MHN
DAS-MIMO/Multi-flow
Multi-flow based on DAS-MIMO structure

mGW
Optical fiber
mDU #0

mDU #1
X2 interface

mRU #0

mRU #1

mRU #2

mRU #3

mRU #4

mRU #5

mTE

15

MHN
Two types of HO
mGW

Intra-site
Multi-flow

mDU2

Inter-site
Multi-flow

mDU3

mRU1

mDU1
mRU2

X2

X2

mTE

RU9

16

MHN
HO with multi-flow

17

III Future Plans


Project outline
Phase 1
- Derivation of core technologies
- Development of wireless access technologies
- Prototype development

1st year : Core technology development / Simulation verification

2nd year : FPGA level 625Mbps verification / Indoor demonstration


3rd year : FPGA level 1.25Gbps verification / Outdoor demonstration
Phase 2
- Technology advancement
- ASIC level 2.5 Gbps verification
- Commercialization
18

Thank you

19

Technology for
the Networked
Society
Dongjoo Park (dongjoo.park@ericssonlg.com)
September 4, 2013

The starting point


- 22 years ago
GSM

Linus Torvalds
Tim Berners-Lee

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 2

Result and a new


starting point
2 B.
Internet
users

8 T.
Sms sent
2011
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 3

6 B.
Mobile
subscriptions

35 B.
Application
downloads

80%
Population
coverage

1,4 B.
Social media
users

INFLECTION POINTS
DRIVING OUR BUSINESS
THINGS

50 billion

Digital society
Sustainable world

Personal
mobile
Inflection
points

Global
connectivity

1875

1900

PEOPLE 5 billion

PLACES 1 billion
1925

Source: Ericsson
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 4

1950

1975

2000

2025

Mobile traffic, voice and data


M2M traffic to be
added on top

Subscriber traffic in mobile access networks


Monthy Petabytes (1015)

5 000

4 000
3 000

Mobile PC &
Tablets

2 000
Mobile handheld
1 000
Voice
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: Internal Ericsson


DVB-H, Mobile WiMax, M2M and WiFi traffic not included
This slide contains forward looking statements

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 5

Moving to the
Networked Society

By 2020, everything that


benefits from a network
connection will be
connected. Foundation is
Mobility, Broadband and Cloud

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 6

Technologies for The


Networked Society

+
Broadband

Mobility

Cloud

Service Awareness
Network and Services Exposure
Services Evolution
Network Enabled Cloud
Capacity, Cost & Flexibility
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 7

Evolution of LTE
Enhanced performance and extended capabilities
Higher capacity, higher end-user data rates, improved energy
efficiency,

New use cases


Local-area deployments, machine communication, NSPS,

Improved
Higher capacity energy efficiency

Mobile
Broadband

Rel-8

LTE

Rel-9

Higher data rates


Local-area
enhancements
New applications

Rel-10

LTE-A

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 8

Rel-11

Rel-12

Rel-13

Rel-14

5G Wireless access
1990

5G

=
evolution of
existing standards

2000

2010

2020

GSM
Wi-Fi

3G
4G

+
complementary
new technologies

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 9

New wireless technolo


5G

Future Wireless access


Key challenges
Massive growth in

Massive growth in

Wide range of

Traffic Volume

Connected Devices

Requirements &
Characteristics

1000x and beyond

50 billion devices

Data rates

Latency

Reliability

Device energy
consumption

Device cost

.....

Affordable and sustainable


Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 10

Future (5G) radio access


A set of integrated radio-access technologies
jointly enabling the long-term Networked Society

Multi-hop
communication

Device-to-device
communication and
cooperative devices

Ultra-dense deployments

Ultra-reliable
communication

Inter-vehicular / vehicular-to-road
communication
Massive machine
communication

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 11

METIS: Fact Sheet


An Integrated Project under EU Framework Programme 7
Budget: 27 M
Project Length: 30 months (from 2012-11-01 to 2015-04-30)
Resource: ~ 80 persons working full time

Contact & Information:


www.metis2020.com
facebook.com/metis2020
twitter.com/metis2020
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 12

METIS: Objectives
Lay the foundation & Ensure a global forum & Build an early global
consensus for beyond 2020 5Gmobile & wireless communications

Exploring new paradigms,


fundamentals, system
concepts

Optimisation /
Standardisation

Beyon
d
2020
system

Implementation

Further developments on fundamentals

2012
WRC12

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 13

2015
WRC15

2018
WRC18

2020

METIS Structure
WP7 Dissemination, Standardization and Regulation

WP5 Spectrum

Testbed

WP1 Scenarios, Requirements & KPIs

Testbed

WP4 Multi-RAT
/Multi-layer Networks
Propagation

Scenarios,
KPIs

WP3 Multi-node/Multiantenna Transmissions

Testbed
WP2 Radio Link
Concepts
Testbed

WP8 Project Management

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 14

Feedback

WP1 (DoCoMo)
WP2 (Huawei)
WP3 (AlcatelLucent)
WP4 (NSN)
WP5 (Nokia)
WP6 (Ericsson)
WP7 (Ericsson)
WP8 (Ericsson)

Solutions

WP6 System Design and Performance

Work Packages:

Concluding remarks
5G system will meet our long-term vision of unlimited
access to information and sharing of data available
anywhere and anytime to anyone and anything
Technology coordination for a combination of integrated
RATs, including evolved versions of LTE and HSPA, as well
as specialized RATs for specific use cases

Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 15

www.huawei.com

The Unlicensed Spectrum Usage for Future IMT


Technologies
Efficient LTE technologies enables better performance and experience
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Content
WHY - Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT LTE on unlicensed spectrum
How Key Tech. and Industry Development

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 2

Plentiful Unlicensed spectrum assigned Not Ignore !!

Others:
Band

Frequency Range
(MHz)

ISM

24000-24250

ISM

61000-61500

Unlicensed PCS

2390-2400

Currently, the amount unlicensed spectrum assigned > the amount of licensed spectrum

In the near future, more unlicensed spectrum are planned to be allocated

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 3

A Popular technology on unlicensed spectrum: WiFi vs. LTE


Coverage comparison

Peak rate comparison

TD-LTE 5.9GHz 20dBm(38m)


WIFI

TD-LTE capacity is 1.09Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO

Low

WiFi capacity is 0.75Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO

5.9GHz 20dBm(28m)

Protocol design

Low

Overhead

Low Efficiency
than LTE

LTE Pros. :
Higher efficient scheduling mechanism
Better QoS insurance
Uniform OAM& SON
Better Security

Simple
but limited

Mobility and service continuity

DL resource efficiency

WiFi 52.4% to 4.8%


TD-LTE61.2% to 38.1%

Better power saving

WiFi40.4%, 68.1%
TD-LTE30.9%, 33.3%.

Low Efficiency Unlicensed Spectrum is not fully used & Deployment is limited
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 4

High

Content
WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency

WHAT LTE on unlicensed spectrum


How Key Tech. and Industry Development

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 5

LTE on unlicensed spectrum - High Efficiency & Capacity complement

The natural advantages of


LTE can improve the usage of
unlicensed spectrum

Higher coverage
Higher peak rate
Lower overhead
Higher Tx efficiency

As a good complement for LTE


capacity, LTE on unlicensed
spectrum can provide a better
aggregating solution

Capacity
Complement

High
Efficiency

Unlicensed secondary carriers: as


capacity/offload layers
Control and management based on
licensed primary carrier
Inherit most of the merits of LTE:
manageable/security/control/etc.
Make it easy to adapt LTE into fully
unlicensed utilization

Here, LTE on unlicensed spectrum is named to U-LTE


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 6

Focuses on the Prioritized scenarios: Operator and Enterprise


Main Application Scenarios for Unlicensed Spectrum

Resident

Public

Local

personal

Operators

Enterprise

Solutions to be applied:

WiFi self-evolution

Carrier WiFi
@unlicensed

LTE-Hi

As secondary CR
system

@unlicensed

As an integrated part of LTE licensed network,


U-LTE is used in scenarios deployed by operators and enterprises.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 7

Content
WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT- LTE on unlicensed spectrum
How Key Tech. and Industry Development

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 8

U-LTE: Basic Principles


What to be inherited from the LTE merits

Basic architecture: centralized scheduler & coordination between nodes


Basic system BW, multiple access techniques (OFDMA on DL, SC-FDMA on UL)
Basic numerology
Basic mobility, security, QoS, etc.

Fit unlicensed: Self-Protection

Guarantee its quality of communication


coexists with the other unlicensed systems,
such as WiFi, Bluetooth,
multiple nodes or devices of coexist
closely without planning.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Fit unlicensed: Fairness


Guarantee the spectrum usage by the other
unlicensed systems as fair as possible

Page 9

U-LTE: Three Use cases


Type 1: Pico with co-located Licensed & unlicensed
CA

Type 2: Macro with co-located or inter-site (with RRH)


Licensed & unlicensed CA

Type 3: Macro with co-located Licensed & unlicensed


CA

unlicensed spectrum has smaller range than licensed spectrum

unlicensed spectrum has similar range with good Beamforming

Note: The node transmission power is based on regulation requirements of Co-existence and Radiation safety
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 10

U-LTE: An integrated part of LTE licensed network

1. Secondary Carrier design


Option 1: DL only
unlicensed carrier (FDD
Pcell or TDD Pcell )
Option 2: DL+UL
unlicensed carrier (FDD
Pcell or TDD Pcell

2. Co-existence

Feasibility
&
Efficiency

2.1 Inter-operator
interference
2.2 Inter-RAT system:
Mainly WiFi

Better Experience
Implement the LTE valuable features
(Mobility, QoS, security, ) through Pcell
Explore the wide band resources on
unlicensed spectrum
It is beneficial to be compatible with the
design of residential scenarios

Note: Pcell is Primary Cell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 11

Key point-1: Unlicensed Secondary carriers Design

Option 1: DL only unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell )

Option 2: DL+UL unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell)

If the QoS can be guaranteed, it is inclined to occupy unlicensed spectrum first.


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 12

Key Point-2.1: Inter operator interference


Each operator has the equal right to access the unlicensed spectrum but without

coordinated geographical isolation among different eNodeBs.

Principal: Sensing or coordinating before using

It is beneficial to coordinate the occupying and releasing spectrum among different


operators

Solution: Over-the air seems the only feasible way for coordination

X2 or wired line are not available between different operators

Static agreement can not be flexible

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 13

Key Point-2.2: Principal on Coexistence with WiFi

Capacity Analysis :
When the load become higher, the throughput of standalone WiFi decreases while the throughput of standalone

LTE still increases due to the different scheduling mechanisms.


140
121

Http download (Mbps)

97

100
80

TD-LTE
DL
WiFi DL

73
63

60

51

45.8

46.1

3 UEs

4 UEs

40
20

Cell edge UPT (Mbps)

113

120

0
1 UE

2 UEs

Besides the difference of scheduling mechanisms, due to HARQ, link adaptation based on receivers SINR, and
periodic transmission of common channels in LTE, it is deduced that if LTE directly coexists with WiFi on the
same unlicensed carrier, LTE will finally kick WiFi off when load is high.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 14

Key Point-2.2: Suggestions on Coexistence with WiFi

Friendly
relations

Protocol Changes
Less

LTE directly on unlicensed


spectrum

No change to current standard

LTE on unlicensed spectrum


with resource releasing after
satisfy its own requirements

Adaptive Cell on/off; Channel


Hopping; Time muting;

LTE on unlicensed spectrum


with voluntary sacrifice

Sensing and conflict resolution; Resource


coordination ; Flexible common channels; Fine
time domain scheduling; Loose relationship
between consequent transmissions, etc.

More
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 15

Industry Development: Business + Standardization + Chaining

LTE on unlicensed spectrum (U-LTE)


Build a Healthy Industry
ecosystem for U-LTE

Business:
Cooperation with
operators
Make an available
Business Model

Standardization:
Focus on 3GPP
Scope:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

RAN technologies
changes based on LTE
RF coexistence study
Timeline: Rel-13

Chaining:
Cooperation with
operators, infrastructure,
chipset, terminal vendors
etc.
Drive a mature industry
chaining for U-LTE
Page 16

Summary
Scenarios

Technologies

Scenarios deployed by
operators and enterprises are
prioritized
It is beneficial to be
compatible with the design of
residential scenarios

Aggregating unlicensed spectrum as


the secondary component carriers with
the licensed carriers
Both Self-Protection and Fairness
should be guaranteed
LTE can provide configurable
different level of fairness
Inter operator coexistence should be
handled
Explore the wide band resources on
unlicensed spectrum

Industry

Make an available business


model with operators
Standardization on RAN and
RF technologies in 3GPP
Drive a mature industry with
operators, infrastructure,
chipset, terminal vendors etc.

LTE on unlicensed Spectrum (U-LTE)


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 17

Thank you !

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Page 18

You might also like