Professional Documents
Culture Documents
http://me.hku.hk/bse/CCST9016/
Oct 2015
Contents
Energy Efficiency Strategies
Passive Design
Lighting Technologies
Air Conditioning Systems
Shelter
Outdoor
Environment
Do you know
how to design
energy efficient
buildings?
Human
Environment
Energy supply
to the building
Passive Design
Passive design ()
Design the building and the spaces within it to
benefit from natural light, ventilation and even
temperatures
Ensure the fabric of the building and the spaces
within it respond effectively to local climate and
site conditions in order to maximise comfort for
the occupants
(Source: www.level.org.nz/passive-design/)
Passive Design
Key factors of passive design:
Further reading:
Passive Cooling in Tropical Climates
http://www.btsquarepeg.com/sustainable/energy/passiv
e-cooling-in-tropical-climates/
Building designers
should consider all
these to achieve
better energy
efficiency.
Qwc
(wall
conduction)
Qgs
(glass solar)
Qgc
(glass
conduction)
Louvers
Overhang
Drapes and
curtains
Awnings
Venetian
blinds
Shutters
Roller
shades
Low-e (emissivity)
glazing
Thermal chimney
Natural ventilation
Prevailing wind
Promote wind
effect by wing walls
Solar energy
systems
Sun shades
Building
setback
(Source: www.susdev.org.hk)
Urban
greenery
Building
separation
Lighting Technologies
Energy efficient lighting design strategies:
Energy efficient
fittings (e.g. compact
fluorescent lamps)
Daylighting Example:
CSAA Office Building,
Antioch, California
- photo controls automatically
turn lights on off and adjust
light louvers to maintain
designed lighting level
- also incorporates occupancy
sensors to provide light when
needed to occupied areas.
A.
B.
Window
Window
Wall
Wall
C.
D.
Window
Wall
Wall Window
Vertical
light
pipe
Horizontal
light pipe
Lighting Technologies
Typical lighting controls
Switches
Occupancy sensing
Scheduling (timeclocks)
Daylight dimming
Tuning
Preset dimming
Building management
Lighting Technologies
Video: Energy 101: Light Bulbs (4:47)
http://youtu.be/Pk60-D61h34
Our animated correspondent, Little Lee Patrick
Sullivan, kicks off our Energy 101 series with
an inside look -- literally -- at light bulb
technology. He goes inside an incandescent, a
compact fluorescent and an LED bulb to see what
makes them work, and their potential drawbacks.
Edison
lamp
Incandescent Compact
lamp
fluorescent
lamp
LED lamp
Lighting Technologies
Fluorescent lamp:
Advantages
High efficiency
Super efficacy at high frequency operation
Wide range of colour choices
Disadvantages
T12
Require ballast
Temperature sensitivity
T3
T5
T8
Lighting Technologies
Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL)
Advantages
CFL = energy
saving lamp
Compact size
High efficacy
High CRI
Long life
Dimmable (some)
High frequency operation
Excellent lumen maintenance
Disadvantages
Position sensitive
Thermal sensitivity
Require ballast
Higher initial cost (over incandescent)
Lighting Technologies
Light emitting diode (LED)
Produces light by electroluminescence at low
voltage p-n junction (e.g. indicator lights)
Development of white light & high output LEDs
enables wider use in lighting systems
Lighting Technologies
Light emitting diode (LED)
Advantages
Disadvantages
LED candles
Lighting Technologies
Solid state lighting (SSL)
Emits light from semi-conductor (solid)
Good
potential
for future
lighting
Advantages:
Low power consumption
Reduced heat generation
Greater resistance to shock, vibration, and wear
Lighting Technologies
Video: OLED Light from small molecules
(9:29) (International Year of Light 2015)
http://www.fraunhofer.de/en/fields-ofresearch/2015-international-year-of-the-light.html
The Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics,
Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP in Dresden
develops innovative lighting and displays based on
organic light emitting diodes (OLED). Fluorescent
wallpaper, designer lamps, rollup screens are just a few
examples that are feasible with OLED technology.
(See also: GE OLEDs: The Future of Lighting (3:30) http://youtu.be/_Qyodldq_0I)
Have you
examined
the airconditioner
at your
home? It is
using most
of the
electricity.
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioner)
Other factors
Heat recovery equipment
Energy management system
Thermal energy storage
Plant efficiency
& operation
Too hot
Too cold
Enthalpy
line
Individual buildings
Centralised
refrigeration
plant
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogeneration)
Advantages of ZEB:
Reduce energy consumption and costs
Reduce carbon emissions
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels
(*See also: Zero Carbon Building in HK, http://zcb.hkcic.org)
Further Reading
Passive Design
www.level.org.nz/passive-design/
HVAC Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC