Different Floor Finishes

Different Floor Finishes
Submitted to and Edited by:

Prof. Archt. Sylvester Seo
Villaverde, Danica G. & Zamora, Era Jade S.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY-1/ 10:00-11:00AM
Types of Floor Finishes:
Ceramic Tiles
Linoleum
Vinyl
Plain Polished Flooring
Stamped Concrete
Carpet
HDF (highdensity fiber board)
Rubberized
Marble
T&G Flooring
Glass
Natural Stones
CERAMIC TILES
A ceramic tiles is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the
action of heat and subsequent cooling.

Ceramic tiles are made from clay which is mined form the ground.
Usage
Ceramic tile has long been considered to be a multi-purpose tile
and can be used in several areas.
Floors
Walls (interior and exterior)
Countertops and backsplashes
Patios
Fireplaces
Walkways
Exterior house trims
Some ceramic tile is usable outdoors, others

are for use as indoor tile only.
Ceramic tile is also obtainable in various
surface finishes that includes: smooth,
textured, glazed, unglazed, polished and
unpolished surfaces etc.
Size
Available sizing of the floor ceramic tile ranges
from:
6x6 to as large as 24 x 24
LINOLEUM
is a floor covering made from renewable materials
such as solidified linseed oil (linoxyn), pine rosin,
ground cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers such
as calcium carbonate, most commonly on
a burlap or canvas backing; pigments are often
added to the materials.
Types
distinguished by type (plain or inlaid)and gauge
(battleship or A-E gauge)
A-E gauges of linoleum were
thinner than the battleship gauges;
Thickness
battleship gauges were the thickest type,
ranging from light battleship (0.142" thick) to very
heavy battleship (0.25" thick);
Usage
Typical historical uses for linoleum include:
residential flooring: for kitchens, hallways and
bathrooms
institutional flooring: in schools, showrooms
originally installed over a wood subflooring. Later, a

layer of felt was sandwiched in between
heavier battleship linoleum was common in offices,
stores, hospitals, banks, lodge rooms, elevators and
battleship decks
thinner battleship linoleum was common in light traffic

areas and where cost was a factor
'A' gauge plain linoleum was common in apartments

or offices with moderate traffic levels
'B, C, and D' gauges were common in residential

applications
'E' gauge linoleum was common in the automobile
industry
Sizes
Available sizes:
2mm Thick, Tile Size 33cm x 33cm
2.5mm Thick, Tile Size 33cm x 33cm
2.5mm Thick, Tile Size 50cm x 50cm
2 Meter-wide Sheet Linoleum
VINYL (comes in both SHEET

and TILE forms)
Vinyl flooring is a new type of resilient flooring
in the market. This is made from plastic,
like that of the PVC (poly-vinyl chloride)
Vinyl tiles are composed of colored vinyl
chips formed into solid sheets of varying
thicknesses (1/8 is most common) by
heat and pressure and cut into
12 squares.
VINYL is thicker than the counterpart
LINOLEUM (which also costs less).
Usage
Used in:
Residential
Thickness
2mm total thickness
0.2mm wear layer
Light commercial with

moderate foot traffic
(e.g. Hotel rooms, Conference rooms
& Small offices)
2mm total thickness

0.3mm wear layer
2.5mm total thickness

0.55mm wear layer (No bevel)
Commercial areas
with heavy traffic
(e.g. Retail outlets, Boutiques,
Open plan offices , Care homes,
Healthcare establishments,
Schools & Colleges)
Usage
Thickness
Commercial areas intensively

used with very heavy traffic
(Department stores, Retail outlets,
heavily used Multipurpose halls
and Airports)
Light Industrial areas
with heavy traffic
(Production halls & Storage rooms)

0.7mm wear layer
(With bevel)

0.7mm wear layer
(With bevel)
PLAIN POLISHED CONCRETE

FLOORING
Polished concrete floors are energy
efficient, hard surface, anti-slip, low
maintenance and can be kept dust
free. This is the simplest, yet a
decent type of flooring.
Usage
Used in:
retail, warehouse and office
facilities
Used by:
homeowners who are
now seeking smooth, highluster floors that can replicate
the look of polished stone
A worker using a concrete

grinder to polish the floor
STAMPED CONCRETE
is concrete that is patterned and/or textured or embossed
to resemble (look like, faux finish/false finish)
brick, slate, flagstone, stone, tile, wood, and various
other patterns and textures. These comes in panels.
Usage
Sizes
Available :
3x3
6x6
12x12
18x18
24x24
Commonly used for:

patios,
sidewalks,
driveways, garages,
pool decks,
and interior flooring
CARPET
is a textile floor
covering consisting of an
upper layer of "pile" attached
to a backing.
Usage
Commonly used at homes in
bedrooms and living rooms.
Also used in commercial
structures like hotels, schools,
etc.
Sizes
Small- no bigger than 2 sq m (21 sq ft),
Medium-from 3.5 sq m (38 sq ft) to 5 sq m (54 sq ft)
Large-from 5 sq m to 8 sq m (54 sq ft to 86 sq ft).
DISADVANTANGES OF USING CARPET:
- It accumulates dust, causing deterioration of indoor air
quality inside especially air-conditioned rooms and spaces,
which poses a health risk.
- Needs to be cleaned regularly to avoid buildup of molds,
fungi and bacteria.
HDF (highdensity fiber board)

HDF is a lot stronger than the MDF (medium-density fiberboard)
Hardboard, also called highdensity fiberboard (HDF), not to

be confused with 'hardwood. HDF
floor planks are joined thru T&G
connections.
is a type of fiberboard, which is
an engineered wood product.
Size: 1220X2440 mm
Thickness: 2 - 4.75mm ,
2.5-30 mm
Usage: Flooring, other highperformance usages, etc.
HDF versus MDF
Also referred to as hardboard, a high-density fiberboard for flooring (HDF) is a type

of engineered wood product. It is made from wood fiber extracted from chips
and pulped wood waste. High-density fiberboard for flooring is similar but much
harder and denser than particle board or medium density fiberboard for flooring
(MDF). It has a density greater than 50 pounds per cubic foot or 800 kg per cubic
meter. This makes for a perfect stabilizing material for laminate floors and
engineered hardwood flooring. MDFs are used for furniture, walls and other
applications which have lower strength performance requirements.
Like other types of fiberboard for flooring, a high density fiberboard for flooring
cannot be used outside because it absorbs water. A tempered form of hardboard is
made by adding oil that becomes a polymer when the board is formed under high
temperature and pressure. This gives it resistance against moisture, hardness, and
strength. This tempered hardboard can be used in construction siding.
Building Technology 1
Vicente, Mary Grace
Victorino Marifer
M.W.F. 8:00-9:00
RUBBERIZED FLOORING (comes in

either ROLLS/SHEETS and TILE forms)
Usage
applications both in
commercial and
residential including:
public transit, public circulatory
routes (non-slip, and guide
path for the blind, disabled),
sports and fitness centers,
playgrounds
and stair treads.
Sizes
rubber tiles come standard
in 12X12, 18X18, and
36X36 squares.
Rubber Sheet Rolls are 4ft.
or more in width, and can be
20 to 30ft. in length,
allowing you to completely
cover most rooms with just
one or two rolls.
Rubber sheet rolls
Interlocking rubber tiles
MARBLE FLOORING (a type of NATURAL

STONE stone flooring)
This is a metamorphic rock

made from the joining of calcite
[limestone] rock at high
temperatures and pressure.
Usage
Marble tiles can be used for
Sizes
flooring, (living room)
available in slab sizes of 1.2meters
by 2.4 meters.
countertops,
Tiles size:
backsplashes,
12x12
on walls, fireplaces,
18x18
and even on your home's Etc.
exterior.
WOODEN T&G FLOORING

Tongue and groove or T&G is a method of fitting similar
objects together, edge to edge, used mainly with wood:
flooring, parquetry, panelling, and similar constructions.
Usage
Commonly used in residential
structures, more often
in patios, etc.
Sizes
Are commonly:
2250mm x 1200mm
2400mm x 1200mm
2700mm x 1200mm
GLASS FLOORING (usually employs

TOUGHENED/TEMPERED GLASS type for load-bearing
floors)
Glass as a flooring material is used in both
residential and commecial structures.
Special hollow glass blocks known as
glass pavers are often used in
combination with a metal frame.
Usages:
Often used in:
Residential
(stairs, floor)
Commercial structures
Sizes
2-Edge Support (residential):
Spans up to 1.2 metres = 2 x 12mm toughened
and laminated.
and laminated.
and laminated.
and laminated.
NATURAL STONES
Usage
For residential
is the perfect, permanent solution for covering
basement, garage, and patio concrete floors
even in flood-prone areas.
BASIC TYPES OF NATURAL STONES
There are three basic types of rock from which we carve out stone floors:
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Travertine and limestone are examples of sedimentary stone. Granite is an

example of igneous stone. Slate and marble are examples of metamorphic
stone.
Stone flooring has long been considered the flooring material of choice for the
privileged and elite. Think castles and palaces. But that is no longer the case.
Advances in technology have helped make the labor-intensive process much
more affordable and that savings has been passed on to modern day
consumers.
Building Technology 1
Vicente, Mary Grace
Victorino Marifer
M.W.F. 8:00-9:00
Types
Limestone
Recognized for its great strength as it does not blister
upon exposing it to water
Well suited for flooring and paving purposes
Also be used in any weather, as extreme degree of
temperature, cold or hot, hardly affects the color and
texture of limestone
Generally used as limestone tiles, limestone blocks,
limestone slabs, limestone chips in flooring, wall
cladding, countertops, fireplace mantels and for
pavement of floors of large commercial complexes,
hospitals, airports, shopping malls, railway stations,
parks etc.
Standard Sizes of Limestone:
30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)
40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)
60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)
60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)
60 x 60 cm (24 x 24 inches)
90 x 30 cm (36 x 12 inches)
90 x 60 cm (36 x 24 inches)
Finishes:Natural, Calibrated, Honed, Polished, Bush Hammered & Flamed

Forms:Tiles, Slabs, Cobbles
Standard Thickness:
10 mm - 20 mm
Sandstone
The entire range is acknowledged for perfect
finish, high tensile strength, breakage
resistance and durability thereby widely used
for all types of interior & exterior applications
depending upon the imagination of an
architect.
Further, it is available in different sizes and
finishes like natural, calibrated, honed,
polished and flamed.
Specifications:
Standard Sizes of Sandstone:
30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)
40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)
60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)
60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)
60 x 60 cm (24 x 24 inches)
90 x 30 cm (36 x 12 inches)
90 x 60 cm (36 x 24 inches)
Finishes:Natural, Honed, Calibrated, Sawn, Sandblast
Forms:Tiles, Slabs, Blocks
Standard Thickness:10- 20mm
Quartzite stone
This fireproof and non-slippery stone is widely
used in wall-cladding, roofing, flooring and for
all types of interior as well as exterior
decorations.
Standard Sizes of Quartzite:
30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)
40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)
60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)
60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)
Finishes:Honed, Natural Cleft, Polished, Calibrated, Any

cut to size
Forms:Tiles
Standard Thickness:10 mm - 15 mm
Slate stone (thin stone

flakes, colored gray to dark
gray variants)
Suitable for exterior and
interior applications such as
wall-cladding, roofing,
flooring, hearths, fireplaces,
kitchen, landscaping,
driveways, pools, etc
Standard Sizes:
30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)
40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)
60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)
60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)
60 x 60 cm (24 x 24 inches)
Finishes:Natural, Calibrated, Honed, Polished

Forms:Tiles, Slab
Standard Thickness:10 mm - 15 mm
Granite stone (usually used for

countertop tables, high-end
floorings and walls)
Dimension depends on various
interior & exterior applications.
Cobblestone (usually used for old
roads)
cobblestone is used basically to
make pathways, pavements and for
landscaping, cobbles stone are
fireproof, need little maintenance
and no paint.
Standard Sizes:
10x10x8 cm/4x4x3 in
14x14x6 cm/5x5x2 in
14x14x8 cm/5x5x3 in
14x20x8 cm/5x8x3 in
20x10x8 cm/8x4x3 in
Finishes:All sides natural (Hand dressed). Top surface can be honed,
Flamed
Forms:Sandstone cobbles, Limestone cobbles, Granite cobbles
Standard Thickness:6- 8cm/2-3Inch
Pebbles stones (an aggregate)

are used as decorative
landscaping stones in homes,
artificial ponds, fountains,
posh lounges, open air
theaters, aquaria, parks, out
houses and gardens.
Example of floor finish
specifications: Pebble
wash-out flooring.
Specifications:
Standard Sizes:
15mm- 30mm
25mm- 50mm
50mm-100mm
Finishes: Dry tumbled pebbles, wet tumbled pebbles, natural river
pebbles. The finished surface varies as dry tumbling provides the
pebbles a polished and smooth finish in comparison to the wet
tumbled stones
Forms: Round, Flat, Oval
Standard Thickness:15mm- 4inch diameter

Different Floor Finishes - REVISED

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