1.2.

5 Phng php ph hp th nguyn t

Trong iu kin bnh thng, nguyn t khng thu v pht ra nng lng
dng pht x. N trng thi c bn v bn vng. Nhng khi nguyn t trng
thi hi t do nu ta chiu mt chm tia sang c bc sng xc nh vo m hi
nguyn t th cc nguyn t ny s hp thu cc bc x c bc sng nht nh
ng ng vi cc tia pht x m n c th pht ra trong qu trnh pht x. Qu trnh
gi l qu trnh hp th nng lng ca cc nguyn t t do, trng thi hi, ph
pht sinh trong qu trnh l ph hp th cc nguyn t .
Theo nh lut Kiffshoff nguyn t ca mi nguyn t ha hc ch hp th
chn lc nhng tia bc x m chnh n c th pht ra trong qu trnh pht x do
mun c ph AAS ta phi to ra m hi nguyn t t do sau chiu vo n mt
chm sang c nhng bc sng xc nh ng vi nhng tia pht x nhy ca
nguyn t . Nu mun thc hin php o ph AAS xc nh mt nguyn t
trong mu ta thc hin cc qu trnh sau:
- Ha hi nguyn t ha mu. Chn cc iu kin v loi thit b ph hp
chuyn mu phn tch v trng thi ban u (rn hoc dung dch)
thnh trng thi hi ca nguyn t t do.
- Chiu chm tia sng c bc sng xc nh thch hp vi nguyn t cn
phn tch vo m hi nguyn t . Khi , cc nguyn t trong m
hi s hp th cc bc x sinh ra ph AAS.
- Nh mt h thng my quang ph, thu chm nh sng sau khi i qua mi
trng hp th v phn ly thnh ph ri chn mt vch ph c trng ca
nguyn t phn tch o cng ca n.
Phng trnh nh lng ca phng php l: A=k.Cb
Trong : A l cng vch hp th.
k :Hng s thc nghim, ph thuc vo cc iu kin ha hi ca nguyn t
ha mu.
C: Nng nguyn t cn phn tch trong dung dch mu.
B: hng s bn cht, ph thuc vo bn cht cn phn tch, 0<b1.

Trong phng php hp th nguyn t, nguyn t ha mu l mt giai on

rt quan trng v to ra m hi nguyn t t do l yu t quyt nh sinh ra ph
hp th nguyn t. C hai k thut nguyn t ha mu chnh l: k thut nguyn t
ha mu c ngn la (F-AAS) v k thut nguyn t ha mu khng ngn la
(GF-AAS).
Nguyn tc ca phng php ph hp th nguyn t F-AAS l da trn vic
dng nng lng do ngn la n kh sinh ra t chy mt hn hp kh hoc hn
hp kh N2O v C2H2. Da vo tnh cht ca tng nguyn t, tng loi dung dch
mu m c th chn loi ngn la v nhit ph hp. Phng php F-AAS cho
lp li v chn lc cao, d s dng nhng hiu qu ca nguyn t ha mu
thp.
Nguyn tc ca phng php GF-AAS l mu c t trong cuvet graphit
hay thuyn Ta, c nung nng nh nng lng in nhit sy kh mu, tro
ha v luyn mu sau nguyn t ha mu trong thi gian ngn. Hin nay, ngun
nng lng c dung l dng in c cng dng cao (t 50 600A) v hiu
in th thp (<12V).
u im ca phng php ph hp th nguyn t
C nhy rt cao (105 10-8M) v chnh xc cao (sai s <10%). Phn tch
ng thi nhiu nguyn t trong mt mu m khng cn tch ring, tiu tn t mu,
c th kim tra c ng nht v thnh phn ca vt mu nhng v tr khc
nhau. Kt qu o ph thu c ghi trn phim nh c th lu tr, khi cn thit c
th nh gi xem xt li m khng cn phi c mu phn tch.