FYUP Microbiology Syllabus

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME
(Courses effective from Academic Year 2013-14)
SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED

Disciplinary Courses I, Disciplinary Courses II
& Applied Courses
Note: The courses are uploaded as sent by the Department concerned. The scheme
of marks will be determined by the University and will be corrected in the syllabus
accordingly. Editing, typographical changes and formatting will be undertaken
further.
Four Year Undergraduate Programme Secretariat
fouryearprog@gmail.com
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PREAMBLE
The B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology was started in different colleges of the University of Delhi
in 1987 as a three year (Part I, Part II, Part III) annual system course. In 2009, it was changed to a
six-semester system.
From the academic session beginning July 2013, the undergraduate course would be of
four years duration culminating in a Bachelor with Honours, divided into - Part I, Part II, Part III
and Part IV. Each part would consist of two semesters. The candidates will have the option to
exit after 2 years (Diploma) and after 3 years (Bachelor degree).
Each semester would comprise of theory papers and corresponding practicals. Under
the 4 year programme, there would be 20 DC I (Discipline Course I) papers (cores) including one
paper on Research Methodology and one for research ; 4 Applied course (AC) papers which are
also grounded in core; and 6 DC II (Discipline Course II) papers of interdisciplinary /
transdisciplinary nature. There would be 11 Foundation Courses. The new syllabus has been
prepared keeping in view the current requirements of undergraduate microbiology students. The
contents have been drawn to accommodate the widening horizons of the Microbiology discipline.
It reflects the changing needs of the students, pertaining to theory, hands-on experience in the
form of Applied Courses, Research Methodology including biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and
components of project work and research. The detailed syllabus for each paper is appended with
essential reading, suggested readings and authentic on-line reading material.
The DC I papers (cores) will have separate theory lectures and practicals. These papers
are to be taught by the teachers of the Department of Microbiology in each college. The six DC II
papers are to be taken by other departments. Teaching time allotted for each DC I and DC II
paper shall be 4 periods for each theory paper and 4 periods for each practical per week, and 1
period for presentation by the students for each paper per week. The four AC papers are also
grounded in core discipline and are mainly meant for hands-on experience of the subject. Time
allotted for AC papers is 3 periods of Instructions-cum-Laboratory for hands-on experience for
each paper per week. The AC Papers would also be taught by the teachers of the Department of
Microbiology in each college. For project and research work in the 7th and 8th semesters, groups
of students would work under the supervision of teachers of the Microbiology Departments of
the Colleges.
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Course Structure
I.
Details of Course Structure

(A) Year/Part/Semesters
Year
Part
Semester
Odd
First
Second
Third
Fourth
I
II
III
IV
Semester-I
Semester-III
Semester-V
Semester-VII
Even
Semester-II
Semester-IV
Semester-VI
Semester-VIII
(B) Distribution of DCI & AC Papers, Teaching hours, Practicals and Marks:
Part-I (First Year)

Semester-I
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-101
MIC-DC I-102
Title of Paper
History & Scope of

Microbiology
Bacteriology
Teaching & Practicals

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)*+25 (IA)**: 100
Practicals:
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA):
Practicals:
50
100
50
300
Semester-II
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-201
MIC-DC I-202
Title of Paper
Biochemistry
Phycology & Mycology

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/week
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods /wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA):
Practicals:
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA):
Practicals:
*Th: Theory
** IA: Internal Assessment
For each paper, Essential Reading is given at the end of every unit with reference of the book (s),
chapters and relevant pages.
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100
50
100
50
300
Part-II (Second Year)

Semester-III
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-301
MIC-DC I-302
Title of Paper
Microbial Physiology
& Metabolism
Virology

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals for hands on

Experience
Hands on Experience
3 Periods/week
Total Marks
Marks

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100

Experience
Hands on Experience
3 Periods/week
Total Marks
Marks
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
300
AC Paper:
Paper Code
Title of Paper
MIC-AC-301
Microbiology Tools
and Instrumentation
75
75
Semester-IV
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-401
MIC-DC I-402
Title of Paper
Cell Biology
Industrial
Microbiology
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
300
AC Paper:
Paper Code
Title of Paper
MIC-AC-401
Microbial Quality
Control
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75
75
Part-III (Third Year)

Semester-V
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-501
MIC-DC I-502
MIC-DC I-503
Title of Paper
Concepts of Genetics
Molecular Biology
Immunology

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100

Experience
Hands on Experience
3 Periods/week
Total Marks
Marks

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
450
AC Paper:
Paper Code
Title of Paper
MIC-AC-501
Food & Dairy

Microbiology
75
75
Semester-VI
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-601
MIC-DC I-602
MIC-DC I-603
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Title of Paper
Medical Microbiology
Environmental
Microbiology
Recombinant DNA
Technology
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
450
AC Paper:
Paper Code
Title of Paper
MIC-AC-601
Microbial Diagnostics

Experience
Hands on Experience
3 Periods/week
Total Marks
Marks

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk and
Project Work
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
75
75
Part-IV (Fourth Year)

Semester-VII
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-701
MIC-DC I-702
MIC-DC I-703
Title of Paper
Microbial Genetics &
Genomics
Bioinformatics
Research Methodology
and Project
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
400
Semester-VIII
DC I Papers:
Paper Code
MIC-DC I-801
MIC-DC I-802
MIC-DC I-803
*Th
** IA
Title of Paper
Advanced
Microbiology
Microbial
Biotechnology
Research
Practicals:
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
: Theory
: Internal Assessment
: Project work under the supervision of teachers.
: For research, groups of students will work under the supervision of individual teachers of
the Microbiology Departments of the Colleges.
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50
50
100
400
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Paper Code: MIC-DCI-101
SEMESTER - I
HISTORY AND SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 History of Development of Microbiology

No. of lectures: 12
1.1 Development of microbiology as a discipline, Spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis.
Contributions of Anton von Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister,
Alexander Fleming
1.2 Role of microorganisms in fermentation
1.3 Germ theory of disease
1.4 Development of various microbiological techniques and golden era of microbiology
1.5 Development of the field of soil microbiology : Contributions of Martinus W. Beijerinck,
Sergei N. Winogradsky, Selman A. Waksman
1.6 Establishment of fields of medical microbiology and immunology through the work of Paul
Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, Edward Jenner
(Chapters 1,2, General Microbiology by Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR, 5th
Ed., McMillan, 2005, Pages: 1-20)
(Chapter 1, Microbiology by PelczarMJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2003 (Reprint), Pages: 3-36)
Unit 2 Diversity of Microorganisms

No. of lectures: 10
2.1 Systems of classification : Binomial nomenclature, Whittakers five kingdom and
Carl Woeses three kingdom classification systems and their utility
2.2 General characteristics of different groups: Acellular microorganisms (Viruses,
Viroids, Prions) and Cellular microorganisms (Prokarya: Archaea and Bacteria, Eukarya :
Algae, Fungi and Protozoa) giving definitions and citing examples
2.3 Protozoa : Methods of nutrition, locomotion & reproduction - Amoeba, Paramecium and
Plasmodium
(Chapter 19, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM and Woolverton
CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 474, 481, 491)
(Chapters 1,19, Microbiology by Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2003 (Reprint), Pages: 3-15, 389-405)
Unit 3 Relevance of Microbiology to Human Health & Environment

No. of lectures: 10
3.1 Medical microbiology and immunology: List of important human diseases and their
causative agents (Tuberculosis, Anthrax, Cholera, Typhoid, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Plague,
Syphilis, Amoebic dysentery, Giardiasis; AIDS, Polio, Measles, Mumps, Ringworm)
Definitions of immunity (active/passive), primary and secondary immune response, antigen,
antibody and their types
3.2 Environmental microbiology: Definitions and examples of important microbial interactions
mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, mycorrhizal and actinorrhizal relationships;
Definitions and microorganisms used as biopesticides, in biodegradation, biodeterioration and
bioremediation (e.g. hydrocarbons in oil spills)
(Chapter 33, Microbiology by Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
(Chapters 30, 41, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM and
Woolverton CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 729-732;1075-1083)
7|Page

Unit 4 Industrial Microbiology
No. of lectures: 8
Definition of fermentation, primary and secondary metabolites, types of fermentations and
fermenters and microbes producing ethanol, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin),
enzymes (amylase and lipase) and organic acids (citric acid and acetic acid)
(Chapters 40, 41, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM. and
Woolverton CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 1036-1045; 1068-1073)
Unit 5 Food and Dairy Microbiology

No. of lectures : 8
A brief description on production and importance of Single Cell Protein and probiotics,
microorganisms involved in producing fermented foods such as bread, cheese and curd
(Chapter 14, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM. and Woolverton
CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 357-358; 366-370)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Study of the life history of the following scientists and their contributions with the help of
their photographs: Anton von Leeuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Paul Ehrlich, Edward Jenner,
Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Martinus W. Beijerinck, Sergei N. Winogradsky, Alexander
Fleming, Selman A. Waksman, Elie Metchnikoff and Ananda M. Chakraborty
2. To study the principle and applications of important instruments (biological safety cabinets,
autoclave, incubator, BOD incubator, hot air oven) used in the microbiology laboratory
3. Preparation of culture media for cultivation of bacteria, fungi and algae
4. Study of the following protozoans using permanent mounts/photographs: Amoeba (e.g.
Entamoeba), Paramecium and Plasmodium
SUGGESTED READING
1. Tortora GJ, Funke BR and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An Introduction. 9th edition.
Pearson Education
2. Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP. (2009). Brock Biology of
Microorganisms. 12th edition. Pearson International Edition
3. Cappucino J and Sherman N. (2010). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. 9th edition.
Pearson Education Limited
ONLINE READING MATERIAL

1. Introduction to Microbiology : www.mona.uwi.edu/ biochem//bc10m_introduction_microb.ppt
2. Industrial Microbiology : www.sku.ac.ir/academic/members/.../Industrial %20Microbiology.pdf
8|Page
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER I
BACTERIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Cell Organization

No. of lectures: 12
1.1 Cell size, shape and arrangements, capsule, fimbriae, pili, bacterial and archaeal flagellar
structures, twitching, gliding and spirochete motility
1.2 Cell Wall: Composition and detailed structure of gram- positive and gram- negative cell wall,
archaebacterial cell wall, LPS structure, sphaeroplasts, protoplasts and L-forms
1.3 Cell Membrane: Structure, chemical composition and functions of bacterial and archaeal cell
membrane
1.4 Cytoplasm: Ribosomes, inclusions, nucleoid, plasmids, bacterial cytoskeleton
1.5 Endospore: structure, formation and stages of sporulation
(Chapter 3, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM and
Woolverton CJ, 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011, Pages: 47-84)
Unit 2 Culture media, Sterilization and Pure cultures

No. of lectures:
10
2.1 Nutritional categories: A brief overview
2.2 Culture media: Components of media, Synthetic or defined media, Complex media,
supportive media, enriched media, selective media, differential media, enrichment culture
2.3 Sterilization: Physical methods of heat, filtration and radiations
2.4 Pure culture isolation: Streaking, serial dilution and plating methods. Cultivation,
maintenance and stocking of pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobic bacteria
CJ, 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011. Pages: 140, 146-152)
(Chapter 7, Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora GJ, Funke BR and Case CL., 9th Ed., Person
Education, 2008, Pages: 190-196)
(Chapter 8, Microbiology by Pelczar Jr MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. 5th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill, 2011
(Reprint), Pages: 136-146)
Unit 3 Growth and Reproduction in Bacteria

No. of lectures:
3.1 Asexual methods of reproduction
3.2 Phases of growth: Logarithmic representation of bacterial populations, calculation of
generation time, synchronous growth
(Chapter 7, Microbiology by Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. 5th Ed., Tata McGraw
Hill, 2011 (Reprint) Pages: 113-123) (Chapter 6, Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora GJ, Funke
BR and Case CL., 9th Ed., Person Education, 2008, Pages: 174-177)
Unit 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Bacterial Systematics
Introduction to taxonomy, nomenclature and systematics
Types of classification
Taxonomic ranks
Techniques for determining microbial taxonomy and phylogeny
Phylogenetic trees
Evolution of three domains of life
No. of lectures:
Woolverton CJ. , 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011, Pages:446-461)
9|Page
10

Unit 5 Important Archaeal and Eubacterial Groups
No. of lectures: 10
Important archaeal and eubacterial groups according to Bergeys Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology
5.1 Archaea: General characteristics of genera belonging to Nanoarchaeota (Nanoarchaeum),
Crenarchaeota (Sulfolobus, Thermoproteus), Euryarchaeota (Thermophiles and Halophiles)
5.2 Eubacteria: Morphology, ecological significance and economic importance
Gram Negative: Non- proteobacteria Deinococcus, Thermus, Spirochetes
Alpha proteobacteria- Rhizobium, Agrobacterium
Beta proteobacteria Neisseria, Burkholderia, Thiobacillus
Gamma proteobacteria Enterobacteriaceae family, Purple sulphur bacteria, Pseudomonas
Gram positive:
Low G+C: Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus.
High G+C: Streptomyces, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium
Cyanobacteria: General account and importance
(Chapters 18-22, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM and
Woolverton CJ. , 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011, Pages: 473-581)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Preparation of different media: synthetic medium BG-11, Complex media - nutrient agar,
MacConkey agar, EMB agar
2. To perform negative staining of the bacteria
3. To perform Grams staining of the bacterial smear
4. To perform capsule staining
5. To perform spore staining
6. Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by streaking method
7. Enumeration of colony forming units (CFU) count by spread plate method
SUGGESTED READING
1. Black JG (2008) Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. 7th edition. Prentice Hall
2. Madigan MT and Martinko JM (2006) Brock Biology of Micro-organisms. 8th edition.
Parker J. Prentice Hall International, Inc.
3. Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR. (2005) General Microbiology.
5thedition. McMillan
5. Srivastava S and Srivastava PS (2003). Understanding Bacteria. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht

1. www.textbookofbacteriology.net
(Lectures presented in bacteriology course at the University of Wisconsin-Madison)
2. www.jlindquist.net, www.splammo.net, & www.jlindquist.com
(Topics relevant to bacteriology)
3. www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/330Lecture topics
(General aspects of bacteria)
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - II
BIOCHEMISTRY
THEORY
MARKS 100
Unit 1 Bioenergetics
No. of lectures: 6
1.1 First and second laws of Thermodynamics. Definitions of Gibbs Free Energy, enthalpy,and
Entropy and mathematical relationship among them
1.2 Standard free energy change and equilibrium constant
1.3 Coupled reactions and additive nature of standard free energy change
1.4 Energy rich compounds: Phosphoenolpyruvate, 1,3- Bisphosphoglycerate, Thioesters, ATP
(Chapter14, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson DL and Cox MM , 5th Ed.,
W.H. Freeman and Company, 2008, Pages: 490-509)
Unit 2 Carbohydrates
No. of lectures: 10
2.1 Families of monosaccharides: aldoses and ketoses, trioses, tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses.
2.2 Stereo isomerism of monosaccharides, epimers
2.3 Mutarotation and anomers of glucose. Furanose and pyranose forms of glucose and fructose.
Haworth projection formulae for glucose; chair and boat forms of glucose
2.4 Sugar derivatives, glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, N- acetyl neuraminic acid
2.5 Disaccharides; concept of reducing and non-reducing sugars, occurrence and Haworth
projections of maltose, lactose, and sucrose
2.6 Polysaccharides, storage polysaccharides, starch and glycogen. Structural Polysaccharides,
cellulose, peptidoglycan and chitin
(Chapter 9, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson DL and Cox MM, 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman
and Company, 2008, Pages: 293-321)
Unit 3 Lipids
No. of lectures: 10
3.1 Definition and major classes of storage and structural lipids.
3.2 Storage lipids. Fatty acids structure and functions. Essential fatty acids. Triacyl glycerols
structure, functions and properties. Saponification
3.3 Structural lipids. Phosphoglycerides: Building blocks, General structure, functions and
properties. Structure of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine
Sphingolipids: building blocks, structure of sphingosine, ceramide. Special mention of
sphingomyelins, cerebrosides and gangliosides
3.4 Lipid functions: cell signals, cofactors, prostaglandins
3.5 Introduction of lipid micelles, monolayers, bilayers
(Chapters 11&12, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson DL and Cox MM, 5th Ed., W.H.
Freeman and Company, 2008, Pages: 363-379 &389-393).
Unit 4 Proteins
No. of lectures: 12
4.1 Functions of proteins
4.2 Primary structures of proteins: Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. General
formula of amino acid and concept of zwitterion. Titration curve of amino acid and its
significance
4.3 Classification, biochemical structure and notation of standard protein amino acids
Ninhydrin reaction.Natural modifications of amino acids in proteins hydrolysine,
cystine and hydroxyproline
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4.4 Non protein amino acids: Gramicidin, beta-alanine, D-alanine and D- glutamic acid
4.5 Oligopeptides: Structure and functions of naturally occurring glutathione and insulin and
synthetic aspartame
4.6 Secondary structure of proteins: Peptide unit and its salient features. The alpha helix, the beta
pleated sheet and their occurrence in proteins
4.7 Tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Forces holding the polypeptide together.
Human haemoglobin structure
4.8 Quaternary structures of proteins
Chapter 4, Biochemistry by Voet,D. and Voet J.G., 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 2004: Pages: 6578); Chapter 8, Biochemistry by Voet,D. and Voet J.G., 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 2004, Pages:
219-240; 265-266 )
Unit 5. Enzymes
No. of lectures: 10
5.1 Structure of enzyme: Apoenzyme and cofactors, prosthetic group-TPP, coenzyme
NAD,metal cofactors
5.2 Classification of enzymes
5.3 Mechanism of action of enzymes: active site, transition state complex and
activation energy. Lock and key hypothesis, and Induced Fit hypothesis. Significance of
hyperbolic, double reciprocal plots of enzyme activity, Km, and allosteric mechanism
Definitions of terms enzyme unit, specific activity and turnover number
5.4 Multienzyme complex : pyruvate dehydrogenase; isozyme: lactate dehydrogenase
5.5 Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity. Enzyme inhibition: competitivesulfa drugs; non-competitive-heavy metal salts
(Chapter 8, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey MJ, Sherwood, LM & Woolverton C
J. 7th Ed., McGrawHill, 2008, Pages: 117-182;Chapter 13, Biochemistry by Voet,D. and Voet J.G.,
3rdEd., John Wiley and Sons, 2004: Pages:459-471).
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Properties of water, Concept of pH and buffers, preparation of buffers and Numerical

problems to explain the concepts
2. Numerical problems on calculations of Standard Free Energy Change and Equilibrium
constant
3. Standard Free Energy Change of coupled reactions
4. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars
5. Qualitative tests for lipids and proteins
6. Study of protein secondary and tertiary structures with the help of models
7. Qualitative assay of an enzyme
SUGGESTED READING
1. Campbell, MK (2012) Biochemistry, 7th ed., Published by Cengage Learning
2. Campbell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th ed., Published by Churchill
Livingstone
3. Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed.,
W.H.Freeman
4. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company

1. Chapter on Structures and Functions of Biomolecules
URL--http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/59
2. Chapter on Enzymes in Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry
URL-http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/392
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Paper Code: MIC-DC I-202
SEMESTER II
PHYCOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Section A: Phycology
Unit 1 Introduction
No. of Lectures: 8
1.1 General characteristics of algae including occurrence, thallus organization, algal cell ultra
structure
1.2 Algal pigments, flagella, eyespot food reserves
1.3 Vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction
1.4 Different types of life cycles in algae: Haplobiontic, Haplontic, Diplontic, Diplobiontic and
Diplohaplontic life cycles
(Chapters 1, 2, Introductory Phycology by Kumar HD. 2nd Ed., Affiliated East Western Press.
2007(Reprint), Pages: 2-5; 8-13; 16-26.
Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5 Textbook of Algae by Sharma OP. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2007,
Pages: 2-15; 35-48; 51-57; 59-65)
Unit 2 Classification of algae
No. of Lectures:
(Chapter 1, Introductory Phycology by Kumar HD. 2nd edition. Affiliated East Western
Press.2007(Reprint), Page: 5; 27-33
Chapter 2, Textbook of Algae by Sharma OP. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2007, Pages: 2033)
Unit 3 Study of the following classes with reference to genera listed below
No. of Lectures: 8
3.1 Cyanophyta (BGA): General characteristics Nostoc
(Chapter 3, Introductory Phycology by Kumar HD. 2nd Ed., Affiliated East Western Press.
2007(Reprint), Pages: 87-109; 115-120; 127-129
Chapter 8, Textbook of Algae by Sharma OP. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2007, Pages: 8199; 106-110)
3.2 Chlorophyta: General characteristics - Chlamydomonas

2007(Reprint), Pages: 344-347; 349-353; 358-369; 406-414
Chapter 9, Textbook of Algae by Sharma OP. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 2007, Pages:
121-130; 134-147; 195-214)
3.3 Bacillariophyta: General account - Diatoms

2007(Reprint), Pages: 263-281)
278-293)
3.4 Phaeophyta: General characteristics with importance - Ectocarpus

2007(Reprint), Pages:296-313
13 | P a g e

298-313)
3.5 Rhodophyta: General characteristics with importance

(Chapter 4, Introductory Phycology by Kumar HD. 2nd Ed., Affiliated East Western Press. (Reprint),
Pages: 144-162; 188-195
337-346; 355-365)
Section B: Mycology
Unit 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Introduction
No. of Lectures: 10
General characteristics of fungi including habitat, distribution, nutritional requirements
Fungal cell ultra - structure, thallus organization and aggregation, fungal wall structure
Asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, heterokaryosis, heterothallism and parasexual
mechanism
(Chapters 2, 7, Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 4th Ed., John
Wiley and Sons, 2012(Reprint), Pages: 26-56 ;196-197)
Unit 5 Classification of Fungi - basic to current
No. of Lectures: 2
(Chapter 3, Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 4th Ed., John Wiley
and Sons, 2012(Reprint) :Pages: 61-65)
Chapter 1, Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 3rd Ed., John Wiley
and Sons,2012(Reprint): Pages:37-40)
Unit 6 Study of the following classes (occurrence, somatic structure, reproduction and fruiting
bodies)
No. of Lectures: 18
6.1 Oomycota General characteristics. Life cycle of Achyla, Phytophthora, Peronospora.
(Chapter 23, Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 4th edition, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2012(Reprint), Pages: 683-694 ; 698-704; 717-726)
6.2 Ascomycota - General characteristics.

Life cycle of Saccharomyces, Penicillium,
Neurospora
Asexual Ascomycota General characteristics Candida & Alternaria
(Chapters 7, 10, 11, 12, Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 4th
Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2012(Reprint), Pages: 180-207; 273-280; 283-284; 311-318 ; 359-361)
Chapters 8, 10 Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 4th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2012(Reprint), Pages: 214-230; 276-277, 306-314.
6.3 Basidiomycota General characteristics. Life cycle of Puccinia, Ustilago

Asexual Basidiomycetes Cryptococcus neoformans (Teleomorph:
neoformans)
Filobasidiella
(Chapters 16, 17, 20,Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW and Blackwell M. 4th Ed.,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2012(Reprint), Pages: 488-501; 508-515; 517-522; 617-628; 639-652.)
14 | P a g e
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
Section A: Phycology
1. Study of the somatic and reproductive structures of the following genera through temporary
mounts and permanent slides:
i. Nostoc
ii. Chlamydomonas
iii. Volvox
iv. Spirogyra
v. Ectocarpus
Section B: Mycology
1. Preparation of Potato Dextrose Medium and growth of fungi on the PDA medium
2. Study of the following genera through temporary and permanent slides:
i. Rhizopus,
ii. Aspergillus
iii. Saccharomyces
iv. Penicillium
v. Alternaria
vi. Puccinia
vii. Agaricus (permanent slides)
SUGGESTED READING
Section A - Phycology
1. Lee RE. (1999). Phycology. 4th edition. Cambridge Press
2. Graham LE, Graham JM and Wilcox LW. (2009). Algae, 2nd edition. Benjamin Cumming,
New York
3. Barasanti L and Guaaltieri P. (2006). Algae: Anatomy Biochemistry and Biotechnology.
Taylor and Francis Group, New York
Section B - Mycology
1. Sumbali G. (2005). The Fungi. 2nd edition. Narosa Publishing India House
2. Webster J and Weber. (1980). Introduction to Fungi. 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press

1. Online reading: books.google.co.in, Lee RE. (1999). Phycology. 4th edition. Cambridge Press.
2. Online reading: http://www.fungionline.org.uk
3. http://freemicrobiologybooks.com/category/mycology
15 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER III
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Microbial Growth and Effect of Environment on Microbial Growth

No. of lectures: 8
1.1 Definitions of growth, Batch culture, Continuous culture, generation time and specific growth
rate
1.2 Temperature and temperature ranges of growth
1.3 pH and pH ranges of growth
1.4 Effect of solute and water activity on growth
1.5 Effect of oxygen concentration on growth
1.6 Nutritional categories of microorganisms
CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 132-140)
(Chapter 7,General Microbiology by Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR, 5th Ed.,
McMillan, 2005, Pages :183-186)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Nutrient uptake and Transport

No. of lectures : 8
Passive and facilitated diffusion
Primary and secondary active transport, concept of uniport, symport and antiport
Group translocation
Iron uptake
(Chapter 8, General Microbiology by Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR, 5th Ed.,
McMillan, 2005, Pages 197-201)
Unit 3 Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism - Aerobic Respiration

No. of lectures : 14
3.1 Concept of aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation
3.2 Sugar degradation pathways i.e. EMP, ED, Pentose phosphate pathway
3.3 TCA cycle
3.4 Electron transport chain: components of respiratory chain, comparison of mitochondrial and
bacterial ETC, electron transport phosphorylation, uncouplers and inhibitors
(Chapter 2, Microbial metabolism by Gottschalk G, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2011 (Reprint), Pages: 23-34)
16 | P a g e

Unit 4 Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation
No. of lectures : 5
4.1 Anaerobic respiration with special reference to dissimilatory nitrate reduction
(Denitrification; nitrate /nitrite and nitrate/ammonia respiration; fermentative nitrate
reduction)
4.2 Fermentation - Alcohol fermentation and Pasteur effect; Lactate fermentation
(homofermentative and heterofermentative pathways), concept of linear and branched
fermentation pathways
(Chapter 5, Microbial metabolism by Gottschalk G, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2011 (Reprint), Pages :122-125,
Pages :210-219 and Pages: 232-233)
Unit 5 Chemolithotrophic and Phototrophic Metabolism

No. of lectures : 8
5.1 Introduction to aerobic and anaerobic chemolithotrophy with an example each. Hydrogen
oxidation (definition and reaction) and methanogenesis (definition and reaction)
5.2 Introduction to phototrophic metabolism - groups of phototrophic microorganisms,
anoxygenic vs. oxygenic photosynthesis with reference to photosynthesis in green bacteria
and cyanobacteria
(Chapter 5, Microbial metabolism by Gottschalk G, 2nd Ed., Springer, 1986, Pages: 283-285, 307-311)
Unit 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
Nitrogen Metabolism - an overview

Introduction to biological nitrogen fixation
Ammonia assimilation
Assimilatory nitrate reduction
No. of lectures : 5
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. To study and plot the growth curve of E. coli

2. Calculations of generation time and specific growth rate of bacteria from the graph plotted
with the given data
3. Effect of temperature on growth of E. coli
4. Effect of pH on growth of E. coli
5. Demonstration of alcoholic fermentation
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Madigan MT, and Martinko JM (2006). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 10th edition.
Prentice Hall International Inc.
2. Moat AG and Foster JW. (2002). Microbial Physiology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons
3. Reddy SR and Reddy SM. (2005). Microbial Physiology. Scientific Publishers India

1. http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/391/browse-title.
17 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
THEORY

SEMESTER - III
VIROLOGY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Nature and Properties of Viruses

No. of lectures: 10
1.1 Introduction: Discovery of viruses, nature and definition of viruses, general properties concept
of viroids, virusoids, satellite viruses and Prions. Theories of viral origin
1.2 Structure of Viruses: Capsid symmetry, enveloped and non-enveloped viruses
1.3 Isolation, purification and cultivation of viruses
1.4 Viral taxonomy: Classification and nomenclature of different groups of viruses
(Chapters 1-3, Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th Ed., by Dimmock NJ, Easton AL, Leppard KN; Blackwell
Publishing Ltd, 2007, Pages: 3-48, 444-479)
(Chapters 2, 3 & 10, Virology: Principles and Applications, by Carter J and Saunders V; John Wiley and Sons,
2007, Pages: 9-29, 39-48, 116-119)
(Chapter 19, Understanding Viruses, by Shors Teri; Jones & Bartlett Learning USA, 2013, Pages: 588-595, 605608)
Unit 2 Bacteriophages
No. of lectures: 10
Diversity, classification, one step multiplication curve, lytic and lysogenic phages (lambda phage)
concept of early and late proteins, regulation of transcription in lambda phage
(Chapter 19, Virology: Principles and Applications, by Carter J and Saunders V; John Wiley and Sons, 2007, Pages:
229-254)
(Chapter 21, Understanding Viruses, by Shors Teri; Jones & Bartlett Learning USA, 2013, Pages: 647-652)
Unit 3 Viral Transmission, Salient features of viral nucleic acids and Replication
No. of lectures: 15
3.1 Modes of viral transmission: Persistent, non-persistent, vertical and horizontal
3.2 Salient features of viral Nucleic acid : Unusual bases (TMV,T4 phage), overlapping genes (X174,
Hepatitis B virus), alternate splicing (HIV), terminal redundancy (T4 phage), terminal cohesive
ends (lambda phage), partial double stranded genomes (Hepatitis B), long terminal repeats
(retrovirus), segmented (Influenza virus), and non-segmented genomes (picornavirus), capping
and tailing (TMV)
3.3 Viral multiplication and replication strategies: Interaction of viruses with cellular receptors and entry
of viruses. Replication strategies of viruses as per Baltimore classification (phi X 174,
Retroviridae, Vaccinia, Picorna)
Assembly, maturation and release of virions
(Chapters 4-8, Virology: Principles and Applications, by Carter J and Saunders V; John Wiley and Sons, 2007,
Pages: 50-101)
(Chapters 6-11, Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th Ed.,, by Dimmock NJ, Easton AL, Leppard KN; Blackwell
Publishing Ltd, 2007, Pages: 79-189)
(Chapters 4, 6 & 20, Understanding Viruses, by Shors Teri; Jones & Bartlett Learning USA, 2013, Pages: 68-85, 616620)
18 | P a g e

Unit 4 Viruses and Cancer
No. of lectures:
4.1 Introduction to oncogenic viruses
4.2 Types of oncogenic DNA and RNA viruses: Concepts of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes
(Chapter 22, Virology: Principles and Applications, by Carter J and Saunders V; John Wiley and Sons, 2007, Pages:
286-296)
(Chapter 10, Understanding Viruses, by Shors Teri; Jones & Bartlett Learning USA, 2013, Pages: 268-292)
(Chapter 20, Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th Ed., by Dimmock NJ, Easton AL, Leppard KN; Blackwell
Unit 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
Prevention & control of viral diseases

Antiviral compounds and their mode of action
Interferon and their mode of action
General principles of viral vaccination
No. of lectures:
(Chapters 9, 24 & 25, Virology: Principles and Applications, by Carter J and Saunders V; John Wiley and Sons,
2007, Pages: 105-106, 181-213, 306-322)
(Chapter 21, Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th Ed., by Dimmock NJ, Easton AL, Leppard KN; Blackwell
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. To study structure of important animal viruses (rhabdo, influenza, paramyxo hepatitis B and
retroviruses) using electron micrographs
2. To study structure of important plant viruses (caulimo, Gemini, tobacco ring spot, cucumber
mosaic and alpha-alpha mosaic viruses) using electron micrographs
3. To study structure of important bacterial viruses (X 174, T4, ) using electron micrograph.
4. Isolation and enumeration of bacteriophages from water/sewage sample using double agar
layer technique
5. Studying isolation and propagation of animal viruses by chick embryo technique
6. Study of cytopathic effects using photographs
7. To perform local lesion technique for assaying plant viruses
SUGGESTED READING
1. Cann AJ (2012) Principles of Molecular Virology, Academic Press Oxford UK
2. Wagner EK, Hewlett MJ, Bloom DC, Camerini D (2008 ) Basic Virology 3rd edition.
Blackwell publishing. Malden USA
3. Mathews. (2004) Plant Virology. Hull R. Academic Press New York USA
4. Nayudu MV (2008) Plant Viruses. Tata Mc Graw Hill, India

1. http://www.virology.net
2. http://ictvonline.org/
19 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - IV
CELL BIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Structure of Cell

No. of lectures: 12
1.1 Plasma membrane: Structure and transport of small molecules
1.2 Cell Wall: Eukaryotic cell wall
Extra cellular matrix and cell matrix interactions
Cell-Cell Interactions - adhesion junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions,
and plasmodesmata (only structural aspects)
1.3 Mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes
1.4 Cytoskeleton: Structure and organization of actin filaments, association of actin filaments
with plasma membrane, cell surface protrusions, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(Chapters 11, 12, 13 &14, The Cell : A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey. M. Cooper and Robert. E.
Hausman, 5th Ed., Sinauer Associates, 2009, Pages: 433-444, 452-459, 464-468, 473,479-487, 496511, 529-557, 571-596)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex and nuclear lamina
Chromatin Molecular organization
Nucleolus
No. of lectures: 4
(Chapter 9, The Cell : A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey. M. Cooper and Robert. E. Hausman. 5th
Ed., Sinauer Associates, 2009, Pages: 355-361, 370-378)
Unit 3 Protein Sorting and Transport

No. of lectures: 12
3.1 Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure, targeting and insertion of proteins in the ER,
protein folding, processing and quality control in ER, smooth ER and lipid synthesis, export
of proteins and lipids
3.2 Golgi Apparatus Organization, protein glycosylation, protein sorting and export from
Golgi Apparatus
3.3 Lysosomes
(Chapter 10, The Cell: A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey. M. Cooper and Robert. E. Hausman. Fifth
Edition Sinauer Associates, 2009, Pages : 383-407, 408-415, 423-428)
Unit 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Cell Signalling
No. of lectures: 8
Signalling molecules and their receptors
Function of cell surface receptors
Pathways of intra-cellular receptors Cyclic AMP pathway, cyclic GMP and MAP kinase
pathway
(Chapter 15, The Cell : A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey. M. Cooper and Robert. E. Hausman. Fifth
Edition Sinauer Associates, 2009, Pages : 603-621, 622-624, 630-634 )
20 | P a g e

Unit 5 Cell Cycle, Cell Death and Cell Renewal
5.1 Eukaryotic cell cycle and its regulation
5.2 Development of cancer, causes and types
5.3 Programmed cell death
5.4 Stem cells
5.5 Embryonic stem cell, induced pleuripotent stem cells
No. of lectures: 12
(Chapters 16 17,& 18, The Cell : A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey. M. Cooper and Robert. E.
Hausman. 5th Ed., Sinauer Associates, 2009, Pages: 653-672, 725-734, 693-705, 705-714, 714-720)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. To study structure of cell organelles through electron micrographs

2. Cytochemical staining of DNA Feulgen
3. To demonstrate the presence of mitochondria in striated muscle cells/ cheek epithelial cell
using vital stain Janus Green B
4. Study of polyploidy in Onion root tip by colchicine treatment
5. Identification and study of cancer cells by photomicrographs
SUGGESTED READING
1. Hardin J, Bertoni G and Kleinsmith LJ. (2010). Beckers World of the Cell. 8th edition.
Pearson.
2. Karp G. (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th edition. John
Wiley & Sons. Inc.
3. De Robertis, EDP and De Robertis EMF. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition.
Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

1. http://www.ncsu.edu/sciencejunction/terminal/imse/lowres/1/cellbiology.htm
2. http://www.cellbio.com/
21 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - IV
INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Introduction to industrial microbiology and fermentation processes

No. of lectures: 6
1.1 Brief history and developments in industrial microbiology
1.2 Types of fermentation processes - Solid-state and liquid-state (stationary and submerged)
fermentations; batch, fed-batch (eg. bakers yeast) and continuous fermentations
(Chapter 2, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE,1st Ed. Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2005 (Reprint), Pages:324
Chapters 1 and 2, Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ,
2nd Ed. Elsevier, 1995,Pages: 1-9;13-30)
Unit 2 Types of bio-reactors and measurement of fermentation parameters No. of lectures: 12

2.1 Components of a typical bio-reactor
2.2 Types of bioreactors-Laboratory, pilot- scale and production fermenters, constantly stirred
tank and air-lift fermenters
2.3 Measurement and control of fermentation parameters - pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen,
foaming and aeration
(Chapters 3 and 9, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE,1st Ed. Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2005 (Reprint),
Pages:25-50;142-144)
Chapters 7 and 8 , Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker Aand Hall SJ,
2nd Ed. Elsevier, 1995,Pages: 167-190;202-204;208;215-226)
Unit 3 Isolation of industrially important microbial strains and fermentation media

No. of lectures: 8
3.1 Sources of industrially important microbes and methods for their isolation
3.2 Preservation and maintenance of industrial strains, strain improvement
3.3 Crude and synthetic media; molasses, corn-steep liquor, sulphite waste liquor, whey, yeast
extract and protein hydrolysates
(Chapters 4 and 7, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE,1st Ed. Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2005 (Reprint),
Pages:55-75;117-127)
Chapters 3 and 4, Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ,
2nd Ed. Elsevier, 1995,Pages: 35-42;93-106)
Unit 4 Down-stream processing

No. of lectures:4
Cell disruption, filtration, centrifugation, solvent extraction, precipitation, lyophilization and
spray drying
(Chapter 10 , Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ, 2nd Ed.
Elsevier, 1995,Pages: 280-300;304-305)
Unit 5 Microbial production of industrial products (micro-organisms involved, media,

fermentation conditions, downstream processing and uses)
No. of lectures: 18
5.1 Citric acid, ethanol, penicillin, glutamic acid, Vitamin B12
5.2 Enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase)
5.3 Wine, beer
22 | P a g e
(Chapters 17,18,21,24,25 and 26, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE,1st Ed. Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
2005 (Reprint), Pages:221-247;299-304;347-351;377-381;390-400;403-407
Chapters 7,8,9,11,12,13 and 15, A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology by Crueger Wand Crueger
A,2nd Ed. Panima Publishing Corporation, 2000, Pages:124-128;134-141;158-163;191-197;203204;207;219-221;229-231;292-297)
PRACTICALS
1.
MARKS: 50
Microbial fermentations for the production and estimation (qualitative and quantitative) of:
(a) Enzymes: Amylase and Protease
(b) Amino acid: Glutamic acid
(c) Organic acid: Citric acid
(d) Alcohol: Ethanol
2. A visit to any educational institute/industry to see an industrial fermenter, and other

downstream processing operations
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Patel A.H. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited
2. Okafor N. (2007). Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 1st edition. Bios
Scientific Publishers Limited. USA
3. Waites M.J., Morgan N.L., Rockey J.S. and Higton G. (2001). Industrial Microbiology: An
Introduction. 1st edition. Wiley Blackwell
4. Glaze A.N. and Nikaido H. (1995). Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Applied
Microbiology. 1st edition. W.H. Freeman and Company

1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.ebook3000.com/Industrial-Microbiology--An-Introduction_60498.html
industrial microbiology books pdf
http://freemicrobiologybooks.com/
http://freemicrobiologybooks.com/category/industrial-microbiology/
23 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Semester-V
CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Introduction to Genetics

No. of Lectures: 5
1.1 Historical developments
1.2 Model organisms in genetic analyses and experimentation: Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Caenorhabditis elegans Drosophila melanogaster,
Arabidopsis thaliana
(Introduction to Genetic Analysis by Griffiths AJF, Wessler SR, Lewontin RC, Carroll SB. 9th Ed,
W.H. Freeman and Company, 2007, Pages: 759-771)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Mendelian Analysis
No. of Lectures: 12
Mendels Laws
Rediscovery of Mendels principles
Chromosome theory of inheritance
Extensions of Mendelian genetics: Allelic interactions, concept of dominance, recessiveness
Incomplete dominance and co-dominance
Multiple alleles
Epistasis, penetrance and expressivity
(Chapters 3 & 4, Concepts of Genetics by Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino M. 10th
Ed, Benjamin Cummings, 2012, Pages: 42-63, 71-86, 91-92)
Unit 3 Linkage and Crossing over

3.1 Linkage and recombination of genes
3.2 Cytological basis of crossing over
3.3 Crossing over at four-strand stage
3.4 Molecular mechanism of crossing over
No. of Lectures: 8
(Chapter 7, Principles of Genetics by Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustud DP, 8th Ed.,
John Wiley & Sons, 2008, Pages: 158-167)
Unit 4 Extra-Chromosomal Inheritance

No. of Lectures: 8
4.1 Rules of extra nuclear inheritance
4.2 Organelle heredity - Chloroplast mutations in Chlamydomonas, mitochondrial
mutations in Saccharomyces
4.3 Maternal effects Shell coiling in Limnaea peregra
5.4 Infectious heredity - Kappa particles in Paramecium
(Chapter 9, Concepts of Genetics by Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino M. 10th Ed,
Benjamin Cummings, 2012, Pages: 222-225, 231-233)
(Chapter 20, Principles of Genetics by Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustud DP, 8th Ed.,
John Wiley & Sons, 2008, Pages: 544-547)
Unit 5 Characteristics of Chromosomes

5.1 Structural organization of chromosomes - centromeres, telomeres and
repetitive DNA
24 | P a g e
No. of Lectures: 15

5.2 Packaging DNA molecules into chromosomes
5.3 Concept of euchromatin and heterochromatin
5.4 Normal and abnormal karyotypes of human chromosomes
5.5 Chromosome banding
5.6 Giant chromosomes: Polytene and lampbrush chromosomes
5.7 Variations in chromosome structure: Deletion, duplication, inversion
and translocation
5.8 Variation in chromosomal number and structural abnormalities Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome
(Chapters 6, 18, 19, Principles of Genetics by Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustud DP, 8th Ed.,
John Wiley & Sons, 2008, Pages:499-506, 516-520, 134-143)
(Chapters 8, 12, Concepts of Genetics by Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino M. 10th Ed,
Benjamin Cummings, 2012, Pages: 298-300, 198-214)
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MARKS: 50
Mendelian deviations in dihybrid crosses

Studying Barr Body with the temporary mount of human cheek cells
Studying Rhoeo translocation with the help of photographs
Karyotyping with the help of photographs
Chi-Square Analysis
To study polytene chromosomes by using temporary mounts of salivary glands
of Chiromonas / Drosophila larvae
SUGGESTED READING
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustad DP (2008). Principles of Genetics. 8th Ed. Wiley-India
Snustad DP, Simmons MJ (2011). Principles of Genetics. 6th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Weaver RF, Hedrick PW (1997). Genetics. 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill Education
Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer CA, Palladino M (2012). Concepts of Genetics. 10 th Ed.
Benjamin Cummings
5. Griffith AJF, Wessler SR, Lewontin RC, Carroll SB. (2007). Introduction to Genetic
Analysis. 9th Ed. W.H.Freeman and Co., New York
6. Hartl DL, Jones EW (2009). Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes. 7th Ed, Jones and
Bartlett Publishers
7. Russell PJ. (2009). i Genetics - A Molecular Approach. 3rd Ed, Benjamin Cummings

1. http://www.ebook3000.com/Concepts-of-Genetics--8th-Edition-_104663.html
2. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073525332/information_center_view0/
3. http://www.freebookspot.es/Description.aspx?Element_ID=293661
25 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - V
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 The Replication of DNA (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)

No. of Lectures: 10
1.1 Structure of DNA and RNA
1.2 Bidirectional and unidirectional replication, semiconservative, semi- discontinuous
replication
1.3 Mechanism of DNA replication: Enzymes and proteins involved in DNA replication DNA
polymerases, DNA ligase, primase, telomerase for replication of linear ends
1.4 Various models of DNA replication including rolling circle, D- loop (mitochondrial),
(theta) mode of replication and other accessory proteins
1.5 Repair: Mismatch and excision repair
(Chapter 8, Molecular Biology of Gene by Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losick
R, 5th Ed., Pearson Publication, 2004, Pages:181-233)
Unit 2 Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

No. of Lectures: 8
2.1 Transcription: Definition, difference from replication, promoter - concept and strength of
promoter
2.2 RNA Polymerase and the transcription unit
2.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes: RNA polymerases, general Transcription factors
(Chapter 12, Molecular Biology of Gene by Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M Losick,
R, 5th Ed., Pearson Publication, 2004, Pages: 347-371)
Unit 3 Post-Transcriptional Processing

3.1 Split genes, concept of introns and exons
3.2 RNA splicing, spliceosome machinery, concept of alternative splicing
3.3 Polyadenylation and capping
3.4 Processing of rRNA
3.5 RNA interference : si RNA, miRNA
No. of Lectures: 8
(Chapter12, Molecular Biology of Gene by Watson JD., Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losick,
R, 5th Edition, Pearson Publication, 2004, pages 371-408)
Unit 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Translation (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)

No. of Lectures: 10
Translational machinery
Charging of tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
Mechanisms of initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptides in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
4.4 Fidelity of translation
4.5 Inhibitors of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryote
(Chapter 14, Molecular Biology of Gene by Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losick
R, 5th Ed., Pearson Publication, 2004, Pages: 411-459)
(Chapter22, The World of the Cell by Becker, WM, Kleinsmith LJ, Hardin J and Bertoni G P, 7th Ed.,
Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco, 2009, Pages :)
26 | P a g e

Unit 5 Regulation of gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
No. of Lectures: 12
5.1 Principles of transcriptional regulation, regulation at initiation with examples from
lac and trp operons
1.2 Sporulation in Bacillus
1.3 Yeast mating type switching
5.4 Changes in Chromatin Structure - DNA methylation and Histone Acetylation
mechanisms
(Chapter 16, Molecular Biology of Gene by Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losic,
R, 5th Ed., Pearson Publication, 2004, Pages:483-526)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Study of types of DNA and RNA micrographs and model / schematic representations
2. Study of semiconservative replication of DNA through micrographs / schematic
representations
3. Isolation of total DNA from E. coli
4. Estimation of salmon sperm / calf thymus DNA using colorimeter (diphenylamine
reagent) or UV spectrophotometer (A260 measurement)
5. Estimation of RNA using colorimeter (orcinol reagent) or UV spectrophotometer
(A260 measurement)
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M and Losick R (2008) Molecular Biology
of the Gene, 6th edition, Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press, Pearson Publication
2. Becker WM, Kleinsmith LJ, Hardin J and Bertoni GP (2009) The World of the Cell, 7th
edition, Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco
3. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF (2006) Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
4. Karp G (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, 6 th edition, John
Wiley & Sons. Inc.

1. http://www.ebooks-share.net/molecular-biology-of-the-gene-6th-edition/
27 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - V
IMMUNOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Introduction
1.1 Concept of Innate and Adaptive immunity
1.2 Immune dysfunction and its consequences
No. of lectures:
(Chapter 1, Kubys Immunology.,by Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA.6th Ed., W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York, 2007, Pages: 8-12; 18-19)
Unit 2 Immune Cells and Organs

No. of lectures: 10
2.1 Structure, Functions and Properties of Immune Cells -T cell, B cell, NK cell, Macrophage,
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Dendritic cell
2.2 Structure and Functions of Immune Organs Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymph Node, Spleen,
GALT
(Chapter 2, Kubys Immunology by Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA.6th Ed., W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York. 2007, Pages: 30-40; 40-47)
Unit 3 Antigens
No. of lectures:
3.1 Antigenicity versus Immunogenicity
3.2 Haptens
3.3 Characteristics of an antigen - Foreignness, Molecular size and Heterogeneity
3.4 T-dependent and T-independent antigens
3.5 Adjuvants
(Chapters 4 & 11, Kubys Immunolog by, Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA.6th Ed., W.H. Freeman
and Company, New York. 2007, Pages: 76- 81;278-279)
Unit 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Antibodies and Humoral Immune Response

Basic structure of antibody- CDRs, Framework region, Hinge
Primary and secondary immune response
Antibody mediated effector function
Types and properties of antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies preparation and applications
Antigen-antibody interaction Precipitation, Agglutination,
Immunofluoresence, ELISA
No. of lectures:
12
Immunoelectrophoresis,
(Chapters 4,6 & 11, Kubys Immunology by Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA.6th Ed., W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York. 2007, Pages: 84-85, 90, 93;94-95;95-100; 105-106;151-154; 289290)
Unit 5 Major Histocompatibility Complex and Cell Mediated Immunity

No. of lectures: 10
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Organization and inheritance of MHC locus in humans

Structure and functions of MHC I & II molecules
Cellular expression of MHC molecules
Antigen processing and presentation - Cytosolic and Endocytic pathways
Killing mechanisms by CTL, NK cells and ADCC
(Chapters 8 & 14, Kubys Immunology by Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA.6th Ed., W.H. Freeman
and Company, New York. 2007, Pages:190-193; 193-195;203-204; 210-216; 351-360)
28 | P a g e

Unit 6 Complement System
6.1 Components of the complement system
6.2 Activation pathways - Classical, Alternative and Lectin pathway
6.3 Biological consequences of complement activation
No. of lectures: 6
(Chapter 7, Kubys Immunology., Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA.6th Ed., W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York. Year 2007, Pages:169; 170-176; 180-185)
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MARKS: 50
Identification of human blood groups

To perform Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) of the given blood sample
To perform Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) of the given blood sample
To perform immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony method
To demonstrate single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) technique
To demonstrate immunoelectrophoresis
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. (2006). Roitts Essential Immunology. 11th edition
Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford
2. Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. (2007). Kubys Immunology. 6th edition W.H. Freeman
and Company, New York
3. Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M. (2008). Janeways Immunobiology. 7th edition Garland

Science Publishers, New York

1. http://books.google.co.in/books/immunology/elgert
2. http://books.google.co.in/books/immunology/coico
29 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Paper Code: MIC-DCI- 601
SEMESTER - VI
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Normal microflora of the human body and host pathogen interaction
No. of lectures: 6
1.1 Normal microflora of the human body: Importance of normal microflora, normal
microflora of skin, throat, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract
1.2 Host pathogen interaction: Definitions - Infection, Invasion, Pathogen, Pathogenicity,
Virulence, Toxigenicity, Carriers and their types, Opportunistic infections, Nosocomial
infections. Transmission of infection, Pathophysiologic effects of LPS
(Chapters 9 & 10, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by Brooks GF, Carroll KC,
Butel JS, Morse SA and Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication, 2010, Pages:145-157;159163)
Unit 2 Bacterial diseases: Symptoms, mode of transmission, prophylaxis and control

No. of lectures: 14
2.1 Respiratory Diseases: Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
2.2 Gastrointestinal Diseases: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Helicobacter
pylori
2.3 Others: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium tetani, Treponema pallidum
(Chapters 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 23 & 24, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by
Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication,2010,
Pages:165-173;195-209;213-225;235-242;245-254;289-299;301-311)
Unit 3 Viral diseases: transmission, symptoms, prophylaxis and control

No. of lectures: 14
Polio, Herpes, Hepatitis, Rabies, Dengue, AIDS, Influenza with brief description of swine flu
(Chapters 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, & 44, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by
Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA and Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill
Publication,2010, Pages:433-454;471-487;491-504;517-536;539-550;579-588;609-622)
Unit 4 Protozoan diseases: Symptoms, transmission and control

Malaria, Kala-azar
No. of lectures: 4
(Chapter 46, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel
JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication 2010, Pages:665-698)
30 | P a g e

Unit 5 Fungal diseases: Brief description of each of the following types of mycoses and one
representative disease to be studied with respect to transmission, symptoms and prevention
No. of lectures: 5
5.1 Cutaneous mycoses: Tinea pedis (Athletes foot)
5.2 Systemic mycoses: Histoplasmosis
5.3 Opportunistic mycoses: Candidiasis
JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication, 2010, Pages: 625-661)
Unit 6 Antimicrobial agents: General characteristics and mode of action

No. of lectures: 5
6.1 Antibacterial agents: Five modes of action with one example each: Inhibitor of nucleic acid
synthesis; Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis; Inhibitor of cell membrane function; Inhibitor of
protein synthesis; Inhibitor of metabolism
6.2 Antifungal agents: Mechanism of action of Amphotericin B, Griseofulvin
6.3 Antiviral agents: Mechanism of action of Amantadine, Acyclovir, Azidothymidine
(Chapters 28, 30 & 45, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by Brooks GF, Carroll
KC, Butel JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication,2010: Pages,339-371;397413;625-661)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. To identify pathogenic bacteria (any three of E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas,

Staphylococcus, Bacillus) based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics:
IMViC, TSI, nitrate reduction, urease production and catalase tests
2. To study composition and use of important differential media for identification of pathogenic
bacteria: McConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, Deoxycholate citrate agar, TCBS
3. To study bacterial flora of skin by swab met
4. To perform antibacterial testing by Kirby-Bauer method
5. To study symptoms of the diseases with the help of photographs: Polio, anthrax, herpes,
chicken pox, HPV warts, AIDS (candidiasis), dermatomycoses (ring worms)
SUGGESTED READING
1. Ananthanarayan R. and Paniker C.K.J. (2009) Textbook of Microbiology. 8th edition,
University Press Publication
2. Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2010) Jawetz, Melnick
and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology. 25th edition. McGraw Hill Publication
3. Goering R., Dockrell H., Zuckerman M. and Wakelin D. (2007) Mims Medical
Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier
4. Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2008) Prescott, Harley and Kleins
Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education
ON-LINE READING MATERIAL

1. Baron, S. Medical Microbiology, 4th edition.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/?redirect-on-error=__HOME__&depth=2
2. MicrobeWorld (Published by The American Society of Microbiology):
http://www.microbeworld.org/
31 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER VI
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
Unit 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Microorganisms and their Habitats

Structure and function of ecosystems
Terrestrial Environment: Soil profile and soil microflora
Aquatic Environment: Microflora of fresh water and marine habitats
Atmosphere: Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes
Microbial succession in decomposition of plant organic matter
MARKS: 100
No. of Lectures: 10
(Chapter 2, Fundamentals of Ecology by Odum EP and Barret GW, 5th Ed., Thomson Cole, 2005,
Pages 18-37: Chapters 6 & 9, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and
Bartha R, 4th Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 177-182, 332-379)
Unit 2 Biological Interactions

No. of Lectures: 10
2.1 Microbe interactions: Mutualism, synergism, commensalism, competition, amensalism,
parasitism, predation
2.2 Microbe-Plant interaction: Symbiotic and non symbiotic interactions
2.3 Microbe-animal interaction: Microbes in ruminants, nematophagus fungi and symbiotic
luminescent bacteria
(Chapters 3, 4 &5, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and Bartha R, 4th
Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 60-91, 99-119 and 149-161)
Unit 3 Biogeochemical Cycling

No. of Lectures: 10
3.1 Carbon cycle: Microbial degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and chitin
3.2 Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and nitrate
reduction
3.3 Phosphorus cycle: Phosphate immobilization and solubilisation
3.4 Sulphur cycle: Microbes involved in sulphur cycle
3.5 Other elemental cycles: Iron and manganese
(Chapters 10 &11, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and Bartha R, 4th
Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 386-405 and 414-449)
Unit 4 Waste Management

No. of Lectures: 15
4.1 Solid Waste management: Sources and types of solid waste, Methods of solid waste disposal
(composting and sanitary landfill)
4.2 Liquid waste management: Composition and strength of sewage (BOD and COD), Primary,
secondary (oxidation ponds, trickling filter, activated sludge process and septic tank) and
tertiary sewage treatment
(Chapters 12, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and Bartha R, 4th Ed.,
Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 462-507)
Unit 5 Microbial Bioremediation

Biodegradation: Principles and degradation of common pesticides
No. of Lectures: 3
(Chapter 20, Environmental Microbiology by Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP, 2nd Ed. Academic
Press, 2009, Pages: 387-418).
32 | P a g e
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MARKS: 50
Analysis of soil - pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, percolation, capillary action
Isolation of microbes (bacteria & fungi) from soil (28C & 45C )
Isolation of microbes (bacteria & fungi) from rhizosphere and rhizoplane
Determination of BOD of waste water sample
Detection (qualitative) of the presence of enzymes (dehydrogenase, amylase, urease) in soil
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals & Applications. 4th
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
edition. Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, USA

Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th
edition. Pearson/ Benjamin Cummings
Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental Microbiology. 2nd edition,
Academic Press
Okafor, N (2011). Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic & Waste systems. 1st edition,
Springer, New York
Singh A, Kuhad, RC & Ward OP (2009). Advances in applied bioremediation. Volume 17,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Hedeilberg
Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley Blackwell, USA

1. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-89-environmentalmicrobiology-fall-2004/lecture-notes/
2. www.water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env108/Lesson1_print.htm
3. http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/558/1/MicrobialDegradation.pdf
33 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - VI
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Introduction to genetic engineering

No. of lectures: 12
1.1 Milestones in genetic engineering and biotechnology
1.2 Restriction modification systems: Types I, II and III. Mode of action, nomenclature,
applications of Type II restriction enzymes in genetic engineering
1.3 Analysis of restricted DNA: Agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting
1.4 DNA modifying enzymes and their applications: DNA polymerases. Terminal
deoxynucleotidyltransferase, kinases and phosphatases, and DNA ligases
1.5 Cloning: Use of linkers and adaptors
1.6 Transformation of DNA: by chemical method
(Chapter 3, Principles of Gene Manipulation by Primrose SB, Twyman RM and Old RW, 6th Ed.,
Blackwell Science Publishers, 2001, Pages: 26-42)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Vectors
No. of lectures: 12
Cloning Vectors: Definition and Properties
Plasmid vectors: pBR and pUC series
Bacteriophage lambda and M13 based vectors
Cosmids, BACs, YACs
Expression vectors: E.coli lac and T7 promoter-based vectors, yeast YIp, YEp and YCp
vectors, Baculovirus based vectors, mammalian SV40-based expression vectors
(Chapters 4,5,9, 10, Principles of Gene Manipulation by Primrose SB, Twyman RM and Old RW, 6th
Ed., Blackwell Science Publishers, 2001, pages 43-71, 158-163, 179-193).
Unit 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
DNA Amplification and DNA sequencing

No. of lectures: 10
PCR: Basics of PCR, RT-PCR, Real-Time PCR
Sangers method of DNA Sequencing: traditional and automated sequencing
Primer walking and shotgun sequencing
(Chapter 9, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis : An Introduction by Brown TA, 4th Ed., Blackwell
Science Publishers, 2001, pages 179-185).
Blackwell Science Publishers, 2001, pages 120-132).
Unit 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
Construction and Screening of Genomic and cDNA libraries

Genomic and cDNA libraries: Preparation and uses
Screening of libraries: Colony hybridization and colony PCR
Chromosome walking and chromosome jumping
No. of lectures: 6
Blackwell Science Publishers, 2001, Pages: 86-109).
(Chapter 8, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis by Brown TA, 6th Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford,
2006).
Unit 5 Applications of DNA Technology

No. of lectures: 8
5.1 Gene delivery: Microinjection, electroporation, biolistic method (gene gun), liposome and
viral-mediated delivery, Agrobacterium - mediated delivery
34 | P a g e

5.2 Products of recombinant DNA technology: Products of human therapeutic interest - insulin,
hGH
(Chapters 6 & 10, DNA Technology - The Awesome Skill by Alcamo E, 2nd Ed, Academic Press, 1996,
pages 123-136 and 226-228)
Blackwell Science Publishers, 2001, pages 174-176)
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MARKS: 50
Isolation of Plasmid DNA from E.coli

Digestion of DNA using restriction enzymes and analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis
Ligation of DNA fragments
Interpretation of sequencing gel electropherograms
Amplification of DNA by PCR
SUGGESTED READING
1. Brown TA. (2010). Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis. 6th edition. Blackwell Publishing,
Oxford, U.K.
2. Clark DP and Pazdernik NJ. (2009). Biotechnology: Applying the Genetic Revolution.
Elsevier Academic Press, USA
3. Primrose SB and Twyman RM. (2006). Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7th
edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.
4. Sambrook J and Russell D. (2001). Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual. 3rd edition.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
5. Wiley JM, Sherwood LM and Woolverton CJ. (2008). Prescott, Harley and Kleins
Microbiology. McGraw Hill Higher Education
6. Brown TA. (2007). Genomes-3. Garland Science Publishers
7. Primrose SB and Twyman RM. (2008). Genomics: Applications in human biology.
Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.

1. http://www.amazon.com/Genomes-3-T-Brown/dp/0815341385
35 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER--VII
MICROBIAL GENETICS & GENOMICS
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Genome Organization and Mutations

No. of Lectures:
13
I.1 Genome organization in microbes: E. coli, Saccharomyces, Tetrahymena
1.2 Mutations and mutagenesis: Definition and types of Mutations; Physical and chemical
mutagens; Molecular basis of mutations; Functional mutants (loss and gain of function
mutants); Uses of mutations
1.3 Reversion and suppression: True revertants; Intra- and inter-genic suppression; Ames test;
Mutator genes
(Chapter10, Microbial Genetics by Maloy SR, Cronan JE and Friefelder D., 2nd Ed., Jones and
Barlett Publishers, reprint 2004, Pages: 179-212;
i Genetics - A Molecular Approach by Russell PJ., 3rd Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2009, Pages: 202205)
Unit 2 Plasmids
No. of Lectures:
7
2.1 Types of plasmids - F plasmid, colicinogenic plasmids, Ti plasmids, linear plasmids, yeast
2 plasmid
2.2 Plasmid replication and partitioning
2.3 Host range, plasmid-incompatibility, plasmid amplification
2.4 Regulation of copy number, curing of plasmids
(Chapter11, Microbial Genetics by Maloy SR, Cronan JE and Friefelder D, 2nd Ed., Jones and Barlett
Publishers, reprint 2004, Pages: 213-238).
Unit 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Mechanisms of Genetic Exchange

No. of Lectures:
Transformation - Discovery, mechanism of natural competence
Conjugation - Discovery, mechanism, Hfr and F strains
Interrupted mating technique and time of entry mapping
Transduction - Generalized transduction, specialized transduction, LFT & HFT lysates
Mapping by recombination and co-transduction of markers
12
(Chapters13, 14 and 18, Microbial Genetics by Maloy SR, Cronan JE and Friefelder D ,2nd Ed.,
Jones and Barlett Publishers, reprint 2004, Pages: 263-278, 279-308 and 377-390).
Unit 4 Phage Genetics

4.1 Features of T4 genetics
4.2 Genetic basis of lytic versus lysogenic switch of phage lambda
No. of Lectures:
(Chapters 15,16,17 Microbial Genetics by Maloy SR, Cronan JE and Friefelder D, 2nd Ed., Jones and
Barlett Publishers, reprint 2004, pages 309-320, 335-350, 351-372).
Unit 5 Transposable elements

No. of Lectures:
10
5.1 Prokaryotic transposable elements Insertion Sequences, composite and non-composite
transposons
5.2 Replicative and Non replicative transposition
5.3 Mu transposon
5.4 Eukaryotic transposable elements - Yeast (Ty retrotransposon), Drosophila (P elements),
Maize (Ac/Ds)
36 | P a g e

5.5 Uses of transposons and transposition
(Chapter 9, Principles of Genetics by Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustad DP. 8th Ed. Wiley-India,
2008, Pages:231-246).
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Preparation of Master and Replica Plates

2.
3.
4.
5.
To study the effect of chemical (HNO2) and physical (UV) mutagens on bacterial cells
To study survival curve of bacteria after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
Demonstration of Bacterial Conjugation
Demonstration of Bacterial Transformation
SUGGESTED READING
1. Klug WS, Cummings MR, Spencer, C, Palladino, M (2011). Concepts of Genetics, 10th Ed.,
Benjamin Cummings
2. Krebs J, Goldstein E, Kilpatrick S (2013). Lewins Essential Genes, 3rd Ed., Jones and
Bartlett Learning
3. Pierce BA (2011) Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, 4th Ed., Macmillan Higher Education
4. Krebs J, Goldstein E, Kilpatrick S (2011). Lewins Genes X, 10th Ed., Jones and Bartlett
Learning
5. Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP et al. (2008) Molecular Biology of the Gene, 6th Ed.,
Benjamin Cummings
6. Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Snustad DP (2008). Principles of Genetics. 8th Ed. Wiley-India
7. Russell PJ. (2009). i Genetics- A Molecular Approach. 3rd Ed, Benjamin Cummings

1. http://www.amazon.com/Microbial-Genetics-Bartlett-Series-Biology/dp/0867200766
37 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - VII
BIOINFORMATICS
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Introduction to Computer Fundamentals

No. of lectures: 6
1.1 RDBMS - Definition of relational database
1.2 Mode of data transfer (FTP, SFTP, SCP), advantage of encrypted data transfer
(Chapters 14, 16 &18, Foundations of Computing by Pradeep and Preeti Sinha, BPB Publications,
2007, Pages: 251-277, 305-308, 358-365)
Unit 2 Introduction to Bioinformatics and Biological Databases

No. of lectures: 10
2.1 Biological databases - nucleic acid, genome, protein sequence and structure,
gene expression databases, Database of metabolic pathways
2.2 Mode of data storage - File formats - FASTA, Genbank and Uniprot
2.3 Data submission & retrieval from NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ, Uniprot, PDB
(Chapters1& 3, Introduction to Bioinformatics by Lesk MA, 3rd Ed., Oxford Publication, 2008,
Pages:1-21, 148-162, 186-237)
Unit 3 Sequence Alignments, Phylogeny and Phylogenetic trees

No. of lectures: 12
3.1 Local and Global Sequence alignment, pairwise and multiple sequence alignment.
3.2 Scoring an alignment, scoring matrices, PAM & BLOSUM series of matrices
3.3 Types of phylogenetic trees
3.4 Different approaches of phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA, Neighbour joining,
Maximum Parsomony, Maximum likelihood
(Chapter 5, Introduction to Bioinformatics, 3rd Ed., by Lesk MA, Oxford Publications, 2008, Pages:
243- 298)
Unit 4 Genome organization and analysis

No. of lectures: 8
4.1 Diversity of Genomes: Viral, prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomes
4.2 Genome, transcriptome, proteome
4.3 Major features of completed genomes: E.coli, S.cerevisiae, Arabidopsis
(Chapter 2, Introduction to Bioinformatics, by Lesk MA 3rd Ed., Oxford Publications, 2008,
Pages: 69- 132)
Unit 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Protein Structure Predictions

No. of lectures: 12
Hierarchy of protein structure - primary, secondary and tertiary structures, modeling
Structural Classes, Motifs, Folds and Domains
Protein structure prediction in presence and absence of structure template
Energy minimizations and evaluation by Ramachandran plot
(Chapter 5, Introduction to Bioinformatics, 3rd Ed. by Lesk MA, Oxford Publications, 2008, Pages:
327- 380)
38 | P a g e
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction to different operating systems - UNIX, LINUX and Windows

Introduction to bioinformatics databases (any three): NCBI/PDB/DDBJ, Uniprot, PDB
Sequence retrieval using BLAST
Sequence alignment & phylogenetic analysis using clustalW & phylip
Picking out a given gene from genomes using Genscan or other softwares (promoter region
identification, repeat in genome, ORF prediction). Gene finding tools (Glimmer, GENSCAN),
Primer designing, Genscan/Genetool
6. Protein structure prediction: primary structure analysis, secondary structure prediction using
psi-pred, homology modeling using Swissmodel. Molecular visualization using jmol, Protein
structure model evaluation (PROCHECK)
7. Prediction of different features of a functional gene
SUGGESTED READING
1. Saxena Sanjay (2003) A First Course in Computers, Vikas Publishing House
2. Pradeep and Sinha Preeti (2007) Foundations of Computing, 4th ed., BPB Publications
3. Lesk M.A.(2008) Introduction to Bioinformatics . Oxford Publication, 3rd International
Student Edition
4. Rastogi S.C., Mendiratta N. and Rastogi P. (2007) Bioinformatics: methods and applications,
genomics, proteomics and drug discovery, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall India Publication
5. Primrose and Twyman (2003) Principles of Genome Analysis & Genomics. Blackwell

1. www.freebookcentre.net/Biology/Bioinformatics-Books.html
2. www.roseindia.net/bioinformatics
39 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER - VII
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & PROJECT
THEORY
Unit 1 Introduction to Research Methodology
1.1 Objectives and motivation in Research
MARKS: 100
No. of lectures: 3
(Chapter 1, Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques by Kothari CR 2nd Ed., New age
International Publishers, 2004, Pages: 1-21)
(Chapter 1&2, Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners by Kumar R 2nd Ed.,
Pearson Education, 2005, Pages: 1-25)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Defining the Research Problem

Selecting and defining a research problem
Reviewing and conducting literature search
Developing a research plan
No. of lectures: 10
(Chapters 2 & 3, Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques by Kothari CR 2nd Ed., New age
International Publishers, 2004, Pages:24-30, 31-40, 53-54)
(Chapter 3, Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners by Kumar R 2nd Ed,. Pearson
Education, 2005, Pages :29-38)
Unit 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Designing of Experiment
Different experimental designs single and mutifactorial design
Making measurements and sources of error in measurements
Methods of data collection, & record keeping
No. of lectures: 15
(Chapters 3, 5& 6, Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques by Kothari CR 2nd Ed,. New age
International Publishers, 2004, Pages : 41-52,69-72,95-97,111-113 )
Unit 4 Data Processing and Statistical Analysis

No. of lectures: 20
4.1 Processing operations, tabulation, and Graphical representation
4.2 Statistics in research: Concepts of sample and population, Measure of central tendency,
dispersion, asymmetry (skewness, kurtosis), Normal distribution (p-value)
4.3 Statistical tests and hypothesis (Standard error, t-test, chi-square test), and regression analysis
4.4 Report writing, writing a research paper - abstract, introduction, methodology, results and
discussion
(Chapters 7, 8, 9 & 10 Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques by Kothari CR 2nd Ed. New
age International Publishers, 2004, Pages:122-137,163-172,195-197,233-250 .
(Chapter 7&8 Statistical Reasoning in the Behavioural Science by King BM and Minium EW 5th Ed.,
John Wiley and sons Ltd., 2008, Pages: 105-128,133-146)
(Chapter 14, Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques by Kothari CR 2nd
International Publishers, 2004, Pages: 344-359)
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Ed., New age
PROJECT WORK
The project work may broadly be in the following domains:
1. To identify a research problem and conduct literature search pertaining to the problem
2. Develop a research project based on the above search and make a power point presentation
clearly indicating the objectives, methodology and the possible outcome of the project
3. Case study - Different research articles are given to groups of students and they are asked to
analyze these
4 Statistical analysis (Introduction to statistical softwares SigmaPlot/Excel and SPSS) and
report writing on the data provided
5. Poster making for presentation in a scientific conference
6. Writing bibliography in standard format (PubMed)
SUGGESTED READING
1. Best JW and Kahn JV (1992) Research in Education 6th ed. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Daniel WW (2009) Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. 9 th ed.
John Wiley and Sons Inc.

1. http://www.freebookspot.es/Comments.aspx?
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DISCIPLINE COURSE I
Paper Code: MIC-DC I -801
Semester - VIII
ADVANCED MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Unit 1 Evolution of Microbial Genomes

No. of lectures: 12
1.1 Salient features of sequenced microbial genomes, core genome pool, flexible genome pool
and concept of pangenome
1.2 Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
1.3 Evolution of bacterial virulence - Genomic islands, Pathogenicity islands (PAI) and their
characteristics
(Chapter 13, Biology of Microorganisms by Madigan MT, Martink JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP, 12th
Ed., Pearson-Bejamin Cummings, 2009, Pages: 359-362;
Chapter 11, Bacterial Pathogenesis- A molecular Approach by Wilson BA, Salyers AA Whitt DD and
Winkler ME, 3rd Ed., 2011, ASM Press, Pages:111-128)
Unit 2 Metagenomics
No. of lectures: 12
2.1 Brief history and development of metagenomics
2.2 Understanding bacterial diversity using metagenomics approach
2.3 Prospecting genes of biotechnological importance using metagenomics
2.4 Basic knowledge of viral metagenome
(Chapter 13, Biology of Microorganisms by Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP,
12th Ed., Pearson-Bejamin Cummings, 2009, Pages: 364-365)
www.nature.com/nrmicro/focus/metagenomics
Unit 3 Molecular Basis of Host-Microbe Interactions
3.1 Epiphytic fitness and its mechanism in plant pathogens
3.2 Hypersensitive response (HR) to plant pathogens and its mechanism
3.3 Type three secretion systems (TTSS) of plant and animal pathogens
No. of lectures: 12
(Chapter 8, Molecular Plant-Microbe interaction by Bouarab K, Brisson N, Daayf F, CAB

International, 2009, Pages: 179-181.
Chapter 13, Bacterial Pathogenesis- A molecular Approach by Wilson BA, Salyers AA Whitt DD and
Winkler ME, 3rd Ed., 2011, ASM Press, Pages:256-269)
Unit 4 Systems and Synthetic Biology

No. of lectures: 12
4.1 Networking in biological systems, Quorum sensing in bacteria
4.2 Co-ordinated regulation of bacterial virulence factors
4.3 Basics of synthesis of polivirus in laboratory
4.4 Future implications of synthetic biology with respect to bacteria and viruses
(Chapters 1&2, A First Course in Systems Biology by Voit EO, Ist Ed.,Garland Science, Pages:1-18,
19-50)
http://www.synbioproject.org/topics/synbio101/definition/
http://www.stonybrook.edu/ovprpub/tsc/polio.html
42 | P a g e
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MARKS: 50
Extraction of metagenomic DNA from soil

To understand the impediments in extracting metagenomic DNA from soil
PCR amplification of metagenomic DNA using universal 16s ribosomal gene primers
Case study to understand how the poliovirus genome was synthesized in the laboratory
Case study to understand how networking of metabolic pathways in bacteria takes place
SUGGESTED READING
1. Fraser CM, Read TD and Nelson KE. Microbial Genomes, 2004, Humana Press
2. Miller RV and Day MJ. Microbial Evolution- Gene establishment, survival and exchange,
2004, ASM Press
3. Bull AT. Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting, 2004, ASM Press
4. Sangdun C. Introduction to Systems Biology, 2007, Humana Press
5. Klipp E, Liebermeister W. Systems Biology A Textbook, 2009, Wiley VCH Verlag
6. Caetano-Anolles G. Evolutionary Genomics and Systems Biology, 2010, John Wiley and
Sons

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
mmbr.asm.org/content/68/4/669.short
www.nature.com/nrmicro/focus/metagenomics
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15568985
http://www.systembiologie.de/en
http://www.synbioproject.org/topics/synbio101/definition/
http://www.stonybrook.edu/ovprpub/tsc/polio.html
http://www.fas.org/biosecurity/education/dualuse/FAS_Wimmer/FAS_Topic_2_A.html
43 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
SEMESTER VIII
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Microbial Biotechnology and its Applications

No. of Lectures : 8
1.1 Microbial biotechnology: Scope and its applications in human therapeutics, agriculture
(Biofertilizers, PGPR, Mycorrhizae), environnemental, and food technology
1.2 Use of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms in biotechnological applications
1.3 Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application: Bacteria and yeast
(Chapters 1,2,3, Microbial Biotechnology by Glazer AN & Nikaido H., 2nd Ed., Cambridge University
Press, 2007, Pages: 2-10, 45-85, 90-146 )
Unit 2 Therapeutic and Industrial Biotechnology

No. of Lectures : 10
2.1 Recombinant microbial production processes in pharmaceutical industries - Streptokinase,
recombinant vaccines (Hepatitis B vaccine)
2.2 Microbial polysaccharides and polyesters
2.3 Microbial production of bio-pesticides
2.4 Microbial biosensors
(Chapters 3,5,7,8,11, Microbial Biotechnology by Glazer AN & Nikaido H., 2nd Ed., Cambridge
University Press, 2007, Pages: 90-146, 169-179, 256-259, 267-298, 406-428 )
(Chapters 9,10 Molecular Biotechnology by Glick BR, Pasternak JJ & Patten CL, 4th Ed.,, ASM Press,
2010, Pages: 341-344, 399-407)
Unit 3 Applications of Microbes in Biotransformations

No. of Lectures
3.1 Microbial based transformation of steroids and sterols
3.2 Bio-catalytic processes and their industrial applications: Production of
high fructose syrup and production of cocoa butter substitute
: 8
(Chapter 11, Microbial Biotechnology by Glazer AN & Nikaido H., 2nd Ed., Cambridge University
Press, 2007, Pages :398-404, 418-423)
Unit 4 Microbial Products and their Recovery

No. of Lectures : 8
4.1 Microbial product purification: filtration, ion exchange & affinity chromatography techniques
4.2 Immobilization methods and their application: Whole cell immobilization
(Chapter 10, Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ, 2nd Ed.,
Elsevier Science,1995, Pages :301-304; Chapter 12, Page 331-346)
(Chapter 11, Biotechnology: A text Book of Industrial Microbiology by Crueger W, Crueger A, 2nd Ed.,
Sinauer associates, Inc.1990, Pages :210 -217)
Unit 5 Microbes for Bio-energy and Environment

No. of Lectures : 11
5.1 Bio-ethanol and bio-diesel production: commercial production from lignocellulosic waste and
algal biomass
5.2 Biogas production: Methane and hydrogen production using microbial culture
5.3 Microorganisms in bioremediation: Degradation of xenobiotics, mineral recovery, removal of
heavy metals from aqueous effluents
44 | P a g e

(Chapters 12,13,14 Microbial Biotechnology by Glazer AN & Nikaido H.,Ed. II, Cambridge University
Press, 2007, Pages: 430-443, 454-455, 487-540)
(Chapters 14, Molecular Biotechnology by Glick BR, Pasternak JJ & Patten CL, Ed. IV, ASM Press,
2010, Pages: 595-596)
Unit 6 Intellectual Property Rights

No. of lectures: 3
6.1 Patents
6.2 Copyrights
6.3 Trademarks
(Chapters 39 & 40, Elements of Biotechnology by Gupta P K, Ed II, Rastogi Publications, 2009,
Pages: 431-445)
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
MARKS: 50
To study yeast cell immobilization in calcium alginate gels

To study enzyme immobilization by sodium alginate method
Pigment production from fungi (Trichoderma / Aspergillus / Penicillium)
Isolation of xylanase or lipase producing bacteria
Study of algal Single Cell Proteins
SUGGESTED READING
1. Ratledge, C., and Kristiansen, B. (eds.) (2001). Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Demain, A. L., and Davies, J. E. (eds.) (1999). Manual of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, ASM Press.
3. Swartz, J. R. (2001). Advances in Escherichia coli production of therapeutic proteins. Current
Opinion in Biotechnology, 12, 195201.
4. Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM, Woolverton CJ
(2008), 7th edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishers.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
www.biomanufacturing.org/pdf/DemainMicrobialBiotechnology.pdf
www.advancedbiotech.in/65%20Microbial%20biotechnology.pdf
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/cellmicro/prescott/outlines/ch44.mhtml
www.ifsc.usp.br/~ilanacamargo/FFI0740/1.pdf
http://www.biotechnologyforums.com/thread-1802.html
45 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE I
RESEARCH WORK
SEMESTER VIII
RESEARCH
RESEARCH WORK
MARKS: 100
In this semester, students in the class will be divided into groups.

Each group will work collectively on a research problem assigned to
them by their college teacher/mentor.
Thus each group will work on a research topic.
The purpose is to develop a collective approach to study / analyze / solve
a research problem.
46 | P a g e
DISCIPLINE COURSE II
47 | P a g e
Nomenclature for DC II papers offered by the Department of Microbiology

For Other Departments
Semester-III
Paper Code
MIC-DC II-301
Title of Paper
Introduction to
Microbiology

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)*+25 (IA)**: 100
Practicals:
50
150
Semester-IV
Paper Code
MIC-DC II-401
Title of Paper
Bacteriology and
Virology

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA):

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA):

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Practicals:
100
50
150
Semester-V
Paper Code
MIC-DC II-501
Title of Paper
Microbial Metabolism
Practicals:
100
50
150
Semester-VI
Paper Code
MIC-DC II-601
Title of Paper
Industrial and Food
Microbiology
Practicals:
50
150
Semester-VII
Paper Code
MIC-DC II-701
Title of Paper
Microbes in the
Environment
*Th: Theory
**IA: Internal Assessment
48 | P a g e
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
50
150
Semester-VIII
Paper Code
MIC-DC II-801
Title of Paper
Fundamental of
Medical Microbiology

Theory:
4 Lectures &
1 Presentation/wk
Practicals:
4 Periods/wk
Total Marks
Marks
Theory:
75 (Th)+25 (IA): 100
Practicals:
*Th: Theory
**IA: Internal Assessment
49 | P a g e
50
150
Paper Code: MIC-DC II-301
SEMESTER - III
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 History of development of Microbiology

No. of lectures: 12
1.1 Development of microbiology as a discipline, Spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis.
Contributions of Anton von Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister,
Alexander Fleming
1.2 Role of microorganisms in fermentation
1.3 Germ theory of disease
1.4 Development of various microbiological techniques and golden era of microbiology
1.5 Development of the field of soil microbiology : Contributions of Martinus W. Beijerinck,
Sergei N. Winogradsky, Selman A. Waksman
1.6 Establishment of fields of medical microbiology and immunology through the work of Paul
Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, Edward Jenner
(Chapters 1,2, General Microbiology by Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR, 5th
Ed., McMillan, 2005, Pages: 1-20)
(Chapter 1, Microbiology by PelczarMJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
Unit 2 Diversity of Microrganisms

No. of lectures: 10
2.1 Systems of classification : Binomial nomenclature, Whittakers five kingdom and
Carl Woeses three kingdom classification systems and their utility
2.2 General characteristics of different groups: Acellular microorganisms (Viruses,
Viroids, Prions) and Cellular microorganisms (Prokarya: Archaea and Bacteria, Eukarya :
Algae, Fungi and Protozoa) giving definitions and citing examples
2.3 Protozoa : Methods of nutrition, locomotion & reproduction - Amoeba, Paramecium and
Plasmodium
CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 474, 481, 491)
(Chapter 1,19, Microbiology by Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2003(Reprint), Pages: 3-15, 389-405)
Unit 3 Relevance of Microbiology to human health and environment

No. of lectures: 10
3.1 Medical Microbiology and Immunology: List of important human diseases and their
causative agents (Tuberculosis, Anthrax, Cholera, Typhoid, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Plague,
Syphilis, Amoebic dysentery, Giardiasis; AIDS, Polio, Measles, Mumps, Ringworms)
Definitions of immunity (active/passive), primary and secondary immune response, antigen,
antibody and their types
3.2 Environmental microbiology: Definitions and examples of important microbial interactions
mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, mycorrhizal and actinorrhizal relationships;
Definitions and microorganisms used as biopesticides, in biodegradation, biodeterioration and
bioremediation (e.g. hydrocarbons in oil spills)
(Chapter 33, Microbiology by Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR, 5th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
(Chapters 30, 41, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM and
Woolverton CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 729-732;1075-1083)
50 | P a g e

Unit 4 Industrial Microbiology
No. of lectures: 8
4.1 Definition of fermentation, primary and secondary metabolites, types of fermentations and
fermenters and microbes producing ethanol, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin),
enzymes (amylase and lipase) and organic acids (citric acid and acetic acid)
(Chapters 40, 41, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM. and
Woolverton CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 1036-1045; 1068-1073)
Unit 5 Food and Dairy Microbiology

No. of lectures : 8
5.1 A brief description on production and importance of SCP and probiotics, microorganisms
involved in producing fermented foods such as bread, cheese and curd
(Chapter 14, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM. and Woolverton
CJ, 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008, Pages: 357-358; 366-370)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Study of the life history of the following scientists and their contributions with the help of
their photographs: Anton von Leeuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Paul Ehrlich, Edward Jenner,
Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Martinus W. Beijerinck, Sergei N. Winogradsky, Alexander
Fleming, Selman A. Waksman, Elie Metchnikoff and Ananda M. Chakraborty
2. To study the principle and applications of important instruments (biological safety
cabinets, autoclave, incubator, BOD incubator, hot air oven) used in the microbiology
laboratory
3. Preparation of culture media for cultivation of bacteria, fungi and algae
4. Study of the following protozoans using permanent mounts/photographs: Amoeba (e.g.
Entamoeba), Paramecium and Plasmodium
SUGGESTED READING
1. Tortora GJ, Funke BR and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An Introduction. 9th edition.
Pearson Education
2. Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP. (2009). Brock Biology of
Microorganisms. 12th edition. Pearson International Edition
3. Cappucino J and Sherman N. (2010). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. 9th edition.
Pearson Education Limited

1. Introduction to Microbiology : www.mona.uwi.edu/ biochem//bc10m_introduction_microb.ppt
2. Industrial Microbiology : www.sku.ac.ir/academic/members/.../Industrial
%20Microbiology.pdf
51 | P a g e
Paper Code: MIC-DC II-401
SEMESTER IV
BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
THEORY
Unit 1 Cell organization
MARKS: 100
No. of lectures:
1.1 Cell size, shape and arrangements, capsule, flagella and pili
1.2 Cell Wall: Composition and detailed structure of gram- positive and gram- negative cell
wall and archaeal cell wall
1.3 Cell Membrane: Structure, chemical composition and functions of bacterial and archaeal cell
membranes
1.4 Cytoplasm: Ribosomes, inclusions, nucleoid, plasmids
1.5 Endospore: structure, formation and stages of sporulation
Woolverton CJ,8thEd. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011, .Pages 46-84)
Unit 2 Bacterial growth and control

No. of lectures: 6
2.1 Culture media: Components of media, Synthetic or defined media, Complex media, enriched
media, selective media, differential media, enrichment culture media
2.2 Sterilization: Physical methods of heat, filtration and radiations
2.3 Pure culture isolation: Streaking, serial dilution and plating methods, cultivation,
maintenance and stocking of pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobic bacteria
2.4 Growth: Binary fission, phases of growth
Woolverton CJ., 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011. Pages 146-152,156,
163-166)
(Chapter 7, Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora GJ, Funke BR andCase CL., 9th Ed,
Person Education, 2008, Pages 190-196)
(Chapter 8, Microbiology by Pelczar Jr MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. 5th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill,
2011 (Reprint) Pages 136-146)
Unit 3 Bacterial Systematics and Taxonomy

No. of lectures:
10
3.1 Taxonomy, nomenclature, systematics, types of classifications
3.2 Morphology, ecological significance and economic importance of the following groups:
Archaea: methanogens, thermophiles and halophiles
Eubacteria: Gram negative and Gram positive
Gram negative:
Non-proteobacteria Deinococcus, Chlamydiae, Spirochetes
Alpha proteobacteria- Rickettsia, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium
Gamma proteobacteria Escherichia,Shigella,Pseudomonas
Gram positive:
Low G+C: Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus
High G+C: Streptomyces, Frankia
(Chapters 17-22, Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM and
Woolverton CJ. , 8th Ed., McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2011.Pages446-455, 473-581)
52 | P a g e
Unit 4 Introduction to Viruses

4.2 Properties of viruses; general nature and important features
4.3 Subviral particles; viroids, prions and their importance
No. of lectures:
(Chapters 1, 8 and Appendix 3 Principles of molecular Virology by Cann AJ (2012) Academic Press
Oxford, Pages: 1-24;255-273;292-296) (Chapter 1 & 22 Dimmock, NJ, Easton, AL, Leppard, KN
(2007) Introduction to Modern Virology.6th Ed., (First Indian Reprint 2007) Blackwell Publishing,
Pages: 3-15;401-414; 444-479)
Unit 5 Structure, and multiplication of viruses

No. of lectures: 10
5.1 Morphological characters: Capsid symmetry and different shapes of viruses with examples
5.2 Viral multiplication in the Cell: Lytic and lysogenic cycle
5.3 Description of important viruses: salient features of the viruses infecting different hosts Bacteriophages (T4 & Lambda); Plant (TMV & Cauliflower Mosaic Virus), Human (HIV &
Hepatitis viruses)
(Chapters 2, 3 and Appendix 3, Principles of Molecular Virology by Cann AJ (2012) Academic Press
Oxford, Pages: 25-130) (Chapter 3,16 Dimmock, NJ,Easton,AL ,Leppard,KN (2007). Introduction to
modern Virology.6th edition, Blackwell Publishing Pages: 30-58;260-270)
Unit 6 Role of Viruses in Disease and its prevention

No. of lectures: 8
6.1 Viruses as pathogens: Role of viruses in causing diseases
6.2 Prevention and control of viruses: Viral vaccines, interferons and antiviral compounds
(Chapters 5, 6 and 7 Principles of Molecular Virology by Cann AJ (2012) Academic Press, Pages:
228-243) (Chapter 18, 20 & 21 Dimmock, NJ, Easton, AL, Leppard, KN (2007) Introduction to
Modern Virology.6th Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Pages: 341-361)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Preparation of different media: Nutrient agar, Nutrient broth

To perform Grams staining of the bacterial smear
To perform spore staining
Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by streaking method
Enumeration of colony forming units (CFU) count by spread plate method
To study the significant contributions of some virologists
To study the morphological structures of viruses (DNA and RNA) and their important
characters using electron micrographs
8. To study the methods of isolation and propagation of plant viruses
SUGGESTED READING
1. Atlas RM. (1997). Principles of Microbiology. 2nd edition. WM.T.Brown Publishers
2. Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th edition. Pearson Education, Inc.
3. Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR. (2005). General Microbiology.
5th edition. McMillan
4. Carter J and Saunders V(2007). Virology; principles and Applications. John Wiley and Sons
5. Flint SJ, Enquist, LW, Krug, RM, Racaniello, VR Skalka, AM (2004) Principles of Virology,
Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis and Control.2nd edition.ASM Press
6. Shors Teri (2013) Understanding Viruses 2nd edition Jones and Bartlett Learning Burlington
USA
53 | P a g e

1. www.textbookofbacteriology.net
(Lectures presented in bacteriology courses at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
2. http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/330Lecture topics (General aspects of bacteria)
3. www.virology.net
4. www.ictvonline.org
5. www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/318manual.htm
54 | P a g e
Paper Code: MIC-DCII-501
SEMESTER V
MICROBIAL METABOLISM
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Microbial Growth and Effect of environment on Microbial Growth

No. of lectures : 8
1.1 Definitions of growth, Batch culture, Continuous culture, generation time and specific growth
rate
1.2 Temperature and temperature ranges of growth
1.3 pH and pH ranges of growth
1.4 Effect of solute and water activity on growth
1.5 Effect of oxygen concentration on growth
1.6 Nutritional categories of microorganisms
(Chapter 7,General Microbiology by Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR, 5th Ed.,
McMillan, 2005, Pages :183-186)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Nutrient uptake and Transport

No. of lectures : 8
Passive and facilitated diffusion
Primary and secondary active transport, concept of uniport, symport and antiport
Group translocation
Iron uptake
(Chapter 8, General Microbiology by Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML and Painter PR, 5th Ed.,
McMillan, 2005, Pages 197-201)
Unit 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Chemoheterotrophic metabolism- Aerobic Respiration

No. of lectures : 14
Concept of aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation
Sugar degradation pathways i.e. EMP, ED, Pentose phosphate pathway
TCA cycle
Electron transport chain: components of respiratory chain, comparison of mitochondrial and
bacterial ETC, electron transport phosphorylation, uncouplers and inhibitors
(Chapter 2, Microbial metabolism by Gottschalk G, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2011 (Reprint), Pages: 23-34)
Unit 4 Chemoheterotrophic metabolism- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

No. of lectures : 5
4.1 Anaerobic respiration with special reference to dissimilatory nitrate reduction
(Denitrification; nitrate /nitrite and nitrate/ammonia respiration; fermentative nitrate
reduction)
55 | P a g e

4.2 Fermentation- Alcohol Fermentation and Pasteur effect; Lactate fermentation
(homofermentative and heterofermentative pathways), concept of linear and branched
fermentation pathways
(Chapter 5, Microbial metabolism by Gottschalk G, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2011 (Reprint), Pages :122-125,
Pages :210-219 and Pages: 232-233)
Unit 5 Chemolithotrophic and phototrophic metabolism

No. of lectures : 8
5.1 Introduction to aerobic and anaerobic chemolithotrophy with an example each. Hydrogen
oxidation (definition and reaction) and methanogenesis (definition and reaction)
5.2 Introduction to phototrophic metabolism- groups of phototrophic microorganisms,
anoxygenic vs. oxygenic photosynthesis with reference to photosynthesis in green bacteria
and cyanobacteria
(Chapter 5, Microbial metabolism by Gottschalk G, 2nd Ed., Springer, 1986, Pages: 283-285, 307-311)
Unit 6 Nitrogen metabolism - an overview

6.1 Introduction of biological nitrogen fixation
6.2 Ammonia assimilation
6.3 Assimilatory nitrate reduction
No. of lectures : 5
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Calculations of generation time and specific growth rate of bacteria from the graph plotted
with the given data
2. Effect of temperature on growth of E. coli
3. Effect of pH on growth of E. coli
4. Demonstration of alcoholic fermentation
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Madigan MT, and Martinko JM (2006). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 10th edition.
Prentice Hall International Inc.
2. Moat AG and Foster JW. (2002). Microbial Physiology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons
3. Reddy SR and Reddy SM. (2005). Microbial Physiology. Scientific Publishers India

1. http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/391/browse-title.
56 | P a g e
Paper Code: MIC-DC II- 601
SEMESTER - VI
(INDUSTRIAL & FOOD MICROBIOLOGY)
THEORY
Unit 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
MARKS: 100
Introduction to Industrial microbiology

No. of lectures: 8
Brief history and developments in industrial microbiology
Types of fermentation processes - solid state, liquid state, batch, fed-batch and continuous
Types of fermenters laboratory, pilot-scale and production fermenters
Components of a typical continuously stirred tank bioreactor
(Chapters 2&3, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE, 1st Ed., Wiley Eastern Limited, 2005 (Reprint),
Pages: 7-24, 25-50)
(Chapters 1&2, Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ, 2 nd
Ed., Elsevier Science Ltd., 2006, Pages: 1-9, 13-30)
Unit 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Isolation of industrial strains and fermentation medium

No. of lectures: 7
Primary and secondary screening
Preservation and maintenance of industrial strains
Ingredients used in fermentation medium - molasses, corn steep liquor, whey & Yeast extract
(Chapters 4&7, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE, 1st Ed. Wiley Eastern Limited 2005 (Reprint),
Pages: 55-75, 117-127)
(Chapters 3&4, Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ 2nd
Ed., Elsevier Science Ltd., 2006, Pages: 35-42, 93-104)
Unit 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Microbial fermentation processes

No. of lectures: 8
Downstream processing - filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, solvent extraction.
Microbial production of industrial products - citric acid, ethanol and penicillin.
Industrial production and uses of the enzymes - amylases, proteases, lipases and cellulases
(Chapters 17, 18, 25&26, Industrial Microbiology by Casida LE. 1st Ed. Wiley Eastern Limited, 2005
(Reprint), Pages: 221-247, 299-304, 390-400, 403-407).
(Chapter 10, Principles of Fermentation Technology by Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ 2nd Ed.,
Elsevier Science Ltd., 2006, Pages: 281-300, 307).
Unit 4 Food as a substrate for microbial growth

4.1 Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbial growth in food
4.2 Microbial spoilage of food - milk, egg, bread and canned foods
No. of lecturers: 7
(Chapters 1, 11, 16, 18 &19, Food Microbiology by Frazier WC and Westhoff DC, 4th Ed. Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2008, Pages: 3-17,180-184, 263-266,287292,300-309).
(Chapters 3, 7, 9 & 17, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA, 7 th Ed.
Springer Science Publishers. 2005, Pages: 39-56,160,198,203,435-442)
57 | P a g e

Unit 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
Principles and methods of food preservation and food sanitation

No. of lectures: 8
Physical methods - high temperature, low temperature, irradiation, aseptic packaging
Chemical methods - salt, sugar, benzoates, citric acid, ethylene oxide, nitrate and nitrite
Food sanitation and control HACCP
(Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 27, Food Microbiology by Frazier WC and Westhoff DC, 4 th Ed. Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, 2008, Pages, 91-120, 121-133, 134-143, 144-158,
159-170, 490-492).
(Chapters 13, 15, 16, 18, 19 &21, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA
7th Ed. Springer Science Publishers, 2005, Pages,301-302,306-311,320,326,331,371-385,395-409,443448,466,497-506).
Unit 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Dairy products, probiotics and Food-borne Diseases

No. of Lectures: 10
Fermented dairy products - yogurt, acidophilus milk, kefir, dahi and chees
Probiotics definition, examples and benefits
Food intoxication by Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus
Food infection by Salmonella and Shigella
(Chapter 22,Food Microbiology by Frazier WC and Westhoff DC 4th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd. New Delhi, India, 2008, Pages: 365-367, 401-425).
(Chapter 7, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA 7 th Ed. Springer
Science Publishers, 2005, Pages: 161-168,545-560,573-583,619-634).
PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MARKS: 50
Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of amylase

Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of citric acid
Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of ethanol
Determination of the quality of milk sample by MBRT
Isolation of fungi from spoilt bread
Preparation of yogurt
SUGGESTED READING
1. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 2 nd
Edition. Panima Publishing Company, New Delhi
2. Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology .1st Edition. MacMillan India Limited
Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, India
3. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An introduction.9 th Edition.
Pearson Education
4. Willey JM, Sherwood LM AND Woolverton CJ (2008), Prescott, Harley and Kleins
Microbiology.7th Edition. McGraw Hill Higher education
ONLINE READING MATERIAL:

1. Industrial microbiology
http://www.ebook3000.com/Industrial-Microbiology--An-Introduction_60498.html
2. Food microbiology
http://www.freebookspot.es/Comments.aspx?Element_ID=286852
58 | P a g e
Paper Code: MIC-DCII-701

SEMESTER VII
MICROBES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
THEORY
Unit 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Microorganisms and their habitats

Structure and function of ecosystems
Terrestrial Environment: Soil profile and soil microflora
Aquatic Environment: Microflora of fresh water and marine habitats
Atmosphere: Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes
Microbial succession in decomposition of plant organic matter
MARKS: 100
No. of Lectures: 10
(Chapter 2, Fundamentals of Ecology by Odum EP and Barret GW, 5th Ed., Thomson Cole, 2005,
Pages 18-37: Chapters 6 & 9, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and
Bartha R, 4th Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 177-182, 332-379)
Unit 2 Biological Interactions

No. of Lectures: 10
2.1 Microbe interactions: Mutualism, synergism, commensalism, competition, amensalism,
parasitism, predation
2.2 Microbe-Plant interaction: Symbiotic and non symbiotic interactions
2.3 Microbe-animal interaction: Microbes in ruminants, nematophagus fungi and symbiotic
luminescent bacteria
(Chapters 3, 4 &5, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and Bartha R, 4th
Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 60-91, 99-119 and 149-161)
Unit 3 Biogeochemical Cycling

No. of Lectures: 10
3.1 Carbon cycle: Microbial degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and chitin
3.2 Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and nitrate
reduction
3.3 Phosphorus cycle: Phosphate immobilization and solubilization
3.4 Sulphur cycle: Microbes involved in sulphur cycle
3.5 Other elemental cycles: Iron and manganese
(Chapters 10 &11, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and Bartha R, 4th
Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 386-405 and 414-449)
Unit 4 Waste Management

No. of Lectures: 15
4.1 Solid Waste management: Sources and types of solid waste, Methods of solid waste disposal
(composting and sanitary landfill)
4.2 Liquid waste management: Composition and strength of sewage (BOD and COD), Primary,
secondary (oxidation ponds, trickling filter, activated sludge process and septic tank) and
tertiary sewage treatment
(Chapters 12, Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications by Atlas RM and Bartha R, 4th Ed.,
Benjamin Cummings, 2000, Pages: 462-507)
59 | P a g e
Unit 5 Microbial Bioremediation

Biodegradation: Principles and degradation of common pesticides
No. of Lectures: 3
(Chapter 20, Environmental Microbiology by Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP, 2nd Ed. Academic
Press, 2009, Pages: 387-418).
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. Analysis of soil - pH, moisture content, water holding capacity, percolation, capillary
action
2. Isolation of microbes (bacteria & fungi) from soil (28C & 45C )
3. Isolation of microbes (bacteria & fungi) from rhizosphere and rhizoplane
4. Determination of BOD of waste water sample
5. Detection (qualitative) of the presence of enzymes (dehydrogenase, amylase, urease)
in soil
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals & Applications. 4th
edition. Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, USA
2. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th
edition. Pearson/ Benjamin Cummings
3. Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental Microbiology. 2nd edition,
Academic Press
4. Okafor, N (2011). Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic & Waste systems. 1st edition,
Springer, New York
5. Singh A, Kuhad, RC & Ward OP (2009). Advances in Applied Bioremediation. Volume
17, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Hedeilberg
6. Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley Blackwell, USA

1. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-89-environmentalmicrobiology-fall-2004/lecture-notes/
2. www.water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env108/Lesson1_print.htm
3. http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/558/1/MicrobialDegradation.pdf
60 | P a g e
Paper Code: MIC-DCII- 801
SEMESTER - VIII
FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
THEORY
MARKS: 100
Unit 1 Normal microflora of the human body and host pathogen interaction
No. of lectures: 6
Normal microflora of the human body: Importance of normal microflora, normal
microflora of skin, throat, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract
1.2 Host pathogen interaction: Definitions - Infection, Invasion, Pathogen, Pathogenicity,
Virulence, Toxigenicity, Carriers and their types, Opportunistic infections,
Nosocomial infections. Transmission of infections
1.1
(Chapters 9 & 10, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by Brooks GF, Carroll KC,
Butel JS, Morse SA and Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication, 2010, Pages:145-157;159163)
Unit 2 Bacterial diseases: Symptoms, mode of transmission, prophylaxis and control

No. of lectures: 12
2.1 Respiratory Diseases: Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
2.2 Gastrointestinal Diseases: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Helicobacter
pylori
2.3 Others: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium tetani, Treponema pallidum
(Chapters 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 23 & 24, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by
Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication,2010,
Pages:165-173;195-209;213-225;235-242;245-254;289-299;301-311)
Unit 3 Viral diseases: transmission, symptoms, prophylaxis and control

No. of lectures: 15
3.1 Polio, Hepatitis, Rabies, Dengue, AIDS, Influenza with brief description of swine flu
(Chapters 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, & 44, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by
Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA and Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill
Publication,2010, Pages:433-454;471-487;491-504;517-536;539-550;579-588;609-622)
Unit 4 Protozoan diseases: Symptoms, transmission and control

4.1 Malaria, Kala-azar
No. of lectures: 4
JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication 2010, Pages:665-698)
Unit 5 Fungal diseases: Brief description of each of the following types of mycoses and one
representative disease to be studied with respect to transmission, symptoms and prevention
No. of lectures: 5
5.1 Cutaneous mycoses: Tinea pedis (Athletes foot)
5.2 Systemic mycoses: Histoplasmosis
5.3 Opportunistic mycoses: Candidiasis
JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication, 2010, Pages: 625-661)
61 | P a g e
Unit 6 Antimicrobial agents: General characteristics and mode of action

No. of lectures: 6
6.1 Antibacterial agents: Five modes of action with one example each: Inhibitor of nucleic acid
synthesis; Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis; Inhibitor of cell membrane function; Inhibitor of
protein synthesis; Inhibitor of metabolism
6.2 Antifungal agents: Mechanism of action of Amphotericin B, Griseofulvin
6.3 Antiviral agents: Mechanism of action of Amantadine, Acyclovir, Azidothymidine
(Chapters 28, 30 & 45, Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology by Brooks GF, Carroll
KC, Butel JS, Morse SA & Mietzner TA, 25th Ed., McGraw Hill Publication,2010: Pages,339-371;397413;625-661)
PRACTICALS
MARKS: 50
1. To identify pathogenic bacteria (any three of E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas,

Staphylococcus, Bacillus) based on cultural, morphological and biochemical
characteristics: IMViC, TSI, nitrate reduction, urease production and catalase tests
2. To study composition and use of important differential media for identification of
pathogenic bacteria: McConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, Deoxycholate citrate agar,
TCBS
3. To study bacterial flora of skin by swab method
4. To perform antibacterial testing by Kirby-Bauer method
5. To study symptoms of the diseases with the help of photographs: Polio, anthrax, herpes,
chicken pox, HPV warts, AIDS (candidiasis), dermatomycoses (ring worms)
SUGGESTED READING
1. Ananthanarayan R. and Paniker C.K.J. (2009) Textbook of Microbiology. 8th edition,
University Press Publication
2. Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2010) Jawetz, Melnick
and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology. 25th edition. McGraw Hill Publication
3. Goering R., Dockrell H., Zuckerman M. and Wakelin D. (2007) Mims Medical
Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier
4. Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2008) Prescott, Harley and Kleins
Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
ON-LINE READING MATERIAL

1. Baron, S. Medical Microbiology, 4th edition.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7627/?redirect-on-error=__HOME__&depth=2
2. http://www.microbeworld.org/
62 | P a g e
APPLIED COURSES (AC)
63 | P a g e
APPLIED COURSE
Paper Code: MIC-AC-301
Semester - III
MICROBIOLOGY TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTATION
HANDS ON EXPERIENCE
MARKS: 75
Unit 1 Hands on experience of Light Microscopy

Hands on Experience : 4 Periods
1.1 Parts of a compound microscope, principle of light microscopy
1.2 Determination of cell size
1.3 Use of different objective lenses (10X, 40X, Oil immersion)
1.4 Principles of phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy
(Chapter 4, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Wilson K and Walker J, 7th
Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2010, Pages:100-116)
(Chapter 18, Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Karp G, 6th Ed., John Wiley & Sons.
Inc., 2010, Pages: 716-730)
Unit 2 Hands on experience on Chromatographic Techniques
Hands on Experience: 10 Periods

2.1 Paper and thin layer chromatography
2.2 Column chromatography: Column packing and molecular exclusion
(Chapter 11, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Wilson K and
Walker J, 7th Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2010, Pages:433-437, 459-470).
(Chapter 18, Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Karp G, 6th Ed., John Wiley &
Sons. Inc., 2010, Pages: 735-737)
Unit 3 Electrophoresis : Principle and Applications

3.1 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE
3.2 Agarose gel electrophoresis (demonstration)
3.3 Staining and destaining of electrophoresed gels
3.4 Graphical determination of molecular weight of electrophoresed macromolecules
Walker J, 7th Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2010, Pages: 399-411)
Sons. Inc., 2010, Pages: 737-739, 742-743)
Unit 4 Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry: Principle and Hands on practice

4.1 Determination of max for an unknown sample
4.2 Preparation of standard curve of glucose using DNSA
4.3 Turbidometric analysis of a bacterial culture
Walker J, 7th Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2010, Pages: 477-492)
Unit 5 Centrifugation : Basic Principle and Hands on Experience

5.1 Types of centrifuges (Preparative/Analytical) and Rotors (Fixed Angle / Swinging bucket)
64 | P a g e

5.2 Concept of rpm, RCF, sedimentation coefficient
5.3 Separation of components of a given mixture using a lab scale centrifuge
Walker J, 7th Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2010, Pages: 73-99).
Sons. Inc., 2010, Pages: 733-735, 743-744)
SUGGESTED READING
2. Cell and Molecular Biology by De Robertis and De Robertis, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer Pvt.
Ltd. (India)
3. Prescott, Harley and Kleins Microbiology by Willey, Sherwood and Woolverton, 7th ed.
McGraw Hill Higher Education
4. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson and Cox, 4th ed., W H Freeman & Co., NY
5. The world of the Cell by Becker, Kleinsmith, Hardin and Bertoni, 7th ed., Pearson Benjamin
Cummings Publishing
6. Lab Manual in Biochemistry, Immunology and Biotechnology by Nigam and Ayyagari, Tata
McGraw Hill

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/.../microscopy/microscopy.html
www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech.../chromintro.htm
www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/chromatography/paper.html
www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/methods/.../spectrophotometer.htm...
homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/chpts/chpt4/intro4.htm
homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/appds/appd-f.htm
www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch462/Gel%20Electrophoresis.pdf
www.und.edu/dept/chromatography/.../Chromatography.pdf
media.rsc.org/.../MCT5%20Chromatography.pdf
http://www.seedtechnology.net/docs/ELBasics2010.pdf
65 | P a g e
APPLIED COURSE
Semester - IV
MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL
HANDS ON EXPERIENCE
MARKS: 75
Unit 1 Microbiological Laboratory and Safe Practices

1.1 Biosafety cabinets Working of biosafety cabinets, using protective clothing, specification
for BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3.
1.2 Good laboratory practice - Good laboratory practices, Good microbiological
practices
1.3 Discarding biohazardus waste Methodology of Disinfection, Autoclaving & Incineration.
(Chapter1, Laboratory Manual of Food Microbiology by Garg N, Garg KL and Mukerji KG,
I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Pages 1-16)
Unit 2 Determining Microbes in Food / Pharmaceutical Samples

2.1 Culture and microscopic methods - Standard plate count, Most probable numbers,
Direct microscopic counts
2.2 Biochemical and immunological methods : Limulus lysate test for endotoxin, gel
diffusion, sterility testing for pharmaceutical products
2.3 Molecular methods - Nucleic acid probes, PCR base detection, biosensors
(Chapters10 & 11, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA, 7th Ed., Springer,
2005, Pages 215-275; Chapter 7, Handbook of Microbiological Quality Control in Pharmaceutical
and Medical Devices by Baird RM, Hodges NA and Denyer SP, Taylor and Francis Inc. 2005, Pages
123-136)
Unit 3 Pathogenic Microorganisms of importance in Food & Water

3.1 Detection of specific microorganisms - on XLD agar, Salmonella Shigella Agar, Manitol
salt agar, Saboraud Agar
3.2 Determination of D values; ascertaining microbial quality of milk by MBRT
(Chapter5, Handbook of Microbiological Quality Control in Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices by
Baird RM et a., Taylor and Francis Inc. 2005, Pages 73-92; Chapter18, Laboratory Manual of Food
Microbiology, by Garg N et al., I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Pages 125-134)
Unit 4 The HACCP for Food Safety and Microbial Standards

4.1 Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP) - Principles, flow diagrams, limitations
4.2 Microbial Standards for Different Foods and Water BIS standards for common foods
and drinking water
(Chapter19, Laboratory Manual of Food Microbiology by Garg N et al., I K International Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., Pages 134-146)
66 | P a g e
SUGGESTED READING
1. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, by W.F. Harrigan 3rd ed. Academic Press
2. Laboratory Manual of Food Microbiology by Neelima Garg, K.L. Garg and K.G. Mukerji, I
K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
3. Modern Food Microbiology, Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA, 7th Ed. Published by Springer
4. Handbook of Microbiological Quality control in Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices by
Baird RM, Hodges NA and Denyer SP Published by Taylor and Francis Inc. 2005

1. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/lbg-ldmbl-04/ch9-eng.php
2. www.quadrant.net/cpss/pdf/Lab_QA_Microbiology_QA.pdf
3. www.fao.org/docrep/003/T1768E/T1768E04.htm
67 | P a g e
APPLIED COURSE
Semester - V
FOOD AND DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY
HANDS ON EXPERIENCE
Unit1:
1.1
1.2
1.3
MARKS: 75
Foods as a substrate for microorganisms

Basic concepts and scope of food and dairy microbiology
Study of primary sources of microorganisms in foods
Effect of intrinsic (pH, moisture content) and extrinsic (temperature and relative humidity)
factors on microbial growth in various foods
(Chapters 2 & 3, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA, 7th Ed., Springer,
2005, Pages: 17-20, 39-59)
Unit 2: Microbial Spoilage of various foods

2.1 Effect of outer covering spoilage of intact fruits and fruits with damaged skins
2.2 Study of spoiled vegetable, bread and egg samples
2.3 Study of spoilage of milk for acid, gas and proteolysis
(Chapters 11, 13, 16 & 18, Food Microbiology by Frazier WC and Westhoff DC, 4th Ed., Tata McGraw
Hill, 2008: Pages: 180-185, 208-215, 263-266 and 287-297)
Unit 3: Methods of food Preservation

3.1 Comparison of shelf life of pasteurized, UHT milk, raw milk both at low and room
temperature
3.2 Aseptic packaging layers of tetra packs and comparison of shelf life of such packaged
fruit juices
3.3 Study of specimens of various canned foods (vegetables, fruits, pickles etc) and treatments
given to them for preservation
3.4 Food preservation: Physical, chemical and biological methods
(Chapters 13 & 15, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA, 7th Ed.,
Springer, 2005, Pages: 301-311, 336-339, 377-384; Chapters 6-8, Food Microbiology by Frazier WC
and Westhoff DC, 4th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill, 2008: Pages: 91-143)
Unit 4 : Microbiology and Process of Fermented Foods

4.1 Use of starter cultures and preparation of Dahi
4.2 To perform various tests such as pH and titratable acidity of various fermented milk
products (yogurt, market dahi, etc) available in market
4.3 Surveying of probiotic drinks available in the market
(Chapter 7, Modern Food Microbiology by Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA, 7th Ed., Springer, 2005,
Pages 161-167)
Unit 5: Food-Borne Diseases

5.1 Case study of food intoxications: Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum
5.2 Case study of food infections: E. coli, Salmonellosis
(Chapters 24, Food Microbiology by Frazier WC and Westhoff DC, 4th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill, 2008:
Pages 401-427
68 | P a g e
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Doyle, MP and Beuchat, LR. (2007). Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. 3rd
Edition. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA
2. Montville, TJ and Matthews, KR (2008). Food Microbiology: An introduction. 2nd Edition.
ASM Press, Washington DC, USA
3. Ray B and Bhunia AK (2008) Fundamental Food Microbiology. 4th Edition, CRC Press
4. Frazier WC and Westhoff DC. (2008). Food Microbiology. 4thedition. Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, India
5. Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology.7th edition, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India

1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.fooddoctors.com/FSF/S_aureus.pdf
kmvd.agrobiologie.cz/randova/FOODMICROBIOLOGY.pdf
http://www.foodsafety.gov/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: http://www.fda.gov/
69 | P a g e
APPLIED COURSE
Semester - VI
MICROBIAL DIAGNOSTICS
HANDS ON EXPERIENCE
MARKS: 75
Unit 1: Collection of Clinical Samples

1.1 How to collect clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin) and precautions required.
1.2 Method of transport of clinical samples to laboratory and storage
(Chapter 71, Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ, 8th Ed.,University
Press,2009, Page: 646-660)
Unit 2: Direct microscopic examination and culture

2.1 Examination of sample by staining - Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelson stain
2.2 Preparation and use of culture media - Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Lowenstein-Jensen
medium, MacConkey agar
(Chapter 72, Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ, 8th Ed., University
Press, 2009, Pages: 661-672.)
Unit 3: Serological and Molecular methods

3.1 Serological Methods - Agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence
3.2 Nucleic acid based methods - PCR, Nucleic acid probes
Press, 2009, Pages: 686-691)
Unit 4: Kits for Detection of Pathogens

Demonstration of Kits for:
Typhoid, Dengue and HIV
(Use literature available with the kits)
Unit 5: Testing for Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

5.1 Determination of resistance/sensitivity of bacteria using disc diffusion method
5.2 Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by serial double
dilution method
press, 2009, Pages: 692-700)
SUGGESTED READING
1. Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ, 8th ed., 2009, Universities
Press Private Ltd.
2. Medical Microbiology by Jawetz, Melnick and Adelbergs, 25th ed., Mc Graw Hill
3. Practicals and Viva in Medical Microbiology by Randhawa, Mehta and Sharma,2nd ed.,
Elsevier

1. http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mlaqqan/files/2011/09/Diagnostic_Manual_2007.pdf
2. http://www.bd.com/ds/productCenter/BC-Bactec
3. http:// www.biolog.com/product)
70 | P a g e

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FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

SYLLABUS OF COURSES TO BE OFFERED

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Details of Course Structure

Part-I (First Year)

History & Scope of

Teaching & Practicals

Phycology & Mycology

Teaching & Practicals

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Part-II (Second Year)

Teaching & Practicals

Practicals for hands on

Teaching & Practicals

Practicals for hands on

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Part-III (Third Year)

Teaching & Practicals

Practicals for hands on

Teaching & Practicals

Food & Dairy

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Practicals for hands on

Teaching & Practicals

Teaching & Practicals

Part-IV (Fourth Year)

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Unit 1 History of Development of Microbiology

Unit 2 Diversity of Microorganisms

Unit 3 Relevance of Microbiology to Human Health & Environment

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Unit 5 Food and Dairy Microbiology

ONLINE READING MATERIAL

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Unit 1 Cell Organization

Unit 2 Culture media, Sterilization and Pure cultures

Unit 3 Growth and Reproduction in Bacteria

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

ONLINE READING MATERIAL

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

1. Properties of water, Concept of pH and buffers, preparation of buffers and Numerical

ONLINE READING MATERIAL

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Unit 2 Classification of algae

3.2 Chlorophyta: General characteristics - Chlamydomonas

3.3 Bacillariophyta: General account - Diatoms

3.4 Phaeophyta: General characteristics with importance - Ectocarpus

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

3.5 Rhodophyta: General characteristics with importance

Unit 5 Classification of Fungi - basic to current

6.2 Ascomycota - General characteristics.

6.3 Basidiomycota General characteristics. Life cycle of Puccinia, Ustilago

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

ONLINE READING MATERIAL

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Unit 1 Microbial Growth and Effect of Environment on Microbial Growth

Nutrient uptake and Transport

Unit 3 Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism - Aerobic Respiration

FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME: MICROBIOLOGY

Unit 5 Chemolithotrophic and Phototrophic Metabolism

Nitrogen Metabolism - an overview

1. To study and plot the growth curve of E. coli