Analog Integrated Circuits

Laboratory

George Ciobanu
431Gb

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Reference
Reference ................................................................................................................................... 1
Lab 1 Basic Operational Amplifier Configurations ............................................................... 3
1. Inverting amplifier ............................................................................................................. 3
2. Non-inverting amplifier ..................................................................................................... 4
3. Voltage repeater ................................................................................................................. 5
4. Inverting adder ................................................................................................................... 5
5. Non-inverting adder ........................................................................................................... 7
6. Differential circuit .............................................................................................................. 8
7. Open Loop Comparator ..................................................................................................... 9
8. Hysteresis comparator ...................................................................................................... 10
Lab 2 Parameters and Characteristics of the Operational Amplifiers .................................. 11
1. The offset input VIO ......................................................................................................... 11
2. The output resistance RO .................................................................................................. 11
3. The maximum output voltage VOmax ................................................................................ 12
4. Slew-rate .......................................................................................................................... 12
5. Frequency answer of the circuits ..................................................................................... 12
Lab 3 Operational Amplifiers Applications ......................................................................... 13
1. Integrating circuit ............................................................................................................. 13
2. Derivation circuit ............................................................................................................. 14
3. Low pass filter .................................................................................................................. 16
4. High pass filter ................................................................................................................. 18
5. Band pass filter................................................................................................................. 20

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Lab 1 Basic Operational Amplifier Configurations

1. Inverting amplifier

We make the connections C1 and C3. We apply at the input of the circuit (Ipin), a sine
wave signal having an amplitude of 100mV and the frequency 1kHz.

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

We repeat the same proceedings for C1 and C4 connections.

2. Non-inverting amplifier

Connect C1, applying at the input of the circuit (pin I) a sine wave signal having an
amplitude of 100mV and a frequency of 5kHz.

Repeat the first step for a triangular signal with the amplitude of 0.2V.
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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

3. Voltage repeater

Connect C2 and C3, applying at the input of the circuit (pin I) a sine signal with the
amplitude of 100mV and the frequency of 1kHz.
Examine the signal at the output (O pin), comparing it to the input one and the theoretical
result.
Display the difference of the two signals (CH1-CH2) using the existing Math Menu button
on the front panel of the oscilloscope.

4. Inverting adder

Make the C1 connection, applying at the input of the circuit (pin I) a sinusoidal signal with
the amplitude of 1V and the frequency of 1kHz.
View the output signal (O pin) setting the oscilloscope on the DC position (channel 2).
Modify the value of the voltage V1 from the potentiometer located in the upper right side of
the experimental board (positive supply) and observe the change in the output voltage of the
circuit.
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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Compare the measured results with the theoretical one.

Repeat the previous measurements for the C1 and C3 connections.

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

5. Non-inverting adder

Connect C1 and apply at the input of the circuit (pin I) a sinusoidal signal with the
amplitude of 1V and the frequency of 10kHz.

View the output signal (pin O) by setting the oscilloscope on the DC position (channel 2).
Modify the value of the voltage V1 from the potentiometer located in the upper right side of
the experimental board (positive supply) and observe the change in the output voltage of the
circuit.
Compare the measured results with the theoretical one. Why is the output voltage limited?

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

6. Differential circuit

Connect C1 and apply at the input of the circuit (pin I) a sinusoidal signal with the
amplitude of 1V and the frequency of 1kHz.
View the output signal (pin O) by setting the oscilloscope on the DC position (channel 2).

Modify the value of the voltage V1 from the potentiometer located in the upper right side of
the experimental board (positive supply) and observe the change in the output voltage of the
circuit.
Compare the measured results with the theoretical one.

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

7. Open Loop Comparator

Connect C1 and apply at the input of the circuit (pin I) a triangular signal with the
amplitude of 5V and the frequency of 1kHz.
Modify the value of the V1 voltage (positive supply) to the minimum. View the output
signal (pin O) and determine the switching steps VP1 and VP2 (the values of the input voltage for
which the output goes from low to high or from high to low), as well as VOH and VOL.

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

8. Hysteresis comparator

Apply at the input of the circuit (pin I) a triangular signal with the amplitude of 2V and the
frequency of 1kHz.
View the output signal (pin O), determining VP1, VP2, VOH, VOL. Compare the obtained
values with the theoretical results.

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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Lab 2 Parameters and Characteristics of the

Operational Amplifiers
1. The offset input VIO
Connect C2 and C3 for the circuit in the first experimental setup. Measure using the digital
multimeter the continous voltage at the output of the operational amplifier (pin O).
Compute the offset voltage VIO using the relation:

VIO=70mV
Keep the previous connections and also connect C5. The offset voltage errors are
compensated using the R4 potentiometer.

2. The output resistance RO

The open loop output resistance RO of an operational amplifier can be determined by firstly
measuring the closed loop output resistance RO, using an inverter configuration, such as:

The feedback factor f(j) for the inverting circuit with the connections C1 and C4, has the
expression:

The open loop gain a(j) for the used operational amplifier has the following values:

Connect C1 and C4 for the circuit in the first experimental setup. Apply at the input of the
circuit (pin I) a sinusoidal signal with the amplitude of 100mV and the frequency of 2kHz.
Measure the output voltage of the operational amplifier (pin O) in two different situations:
With the R5=10k load resistance; the measured voltage is denoted with vO
With the extra load resistance of RL=470 (the circuit works with a load equivalent to
RL=R5||RL; the measured voltage is denoted VO)
Compute the output resistance with the relation:
Repeat the measurements and the analysis for other two different
frequencies of the input signal, 20kHz and 200kHz.
f(kHz)
2
20
200
vI (mV)
108
108
110
vO (V)
1.06
1.02
0.64
vO (V)
1.08
1.04
0.52
RO ()
5
21
108

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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

3. The maximum output voltage VOmax

Connect C1 and C4 for the circuit in the first experimental setup. Apply at the input of the
circuit (pin I) a sinusoidal signal with the amplitude of 500mV and the frequency of 1kHz.
Increase the output voltage until the limiting effect shows, determining VOmax,
VOmax=13.6V

4. Slew-rate
Connect C1 and C4 for the circuit in the first experimental setup. Apply at the input of the
circuit (pin I) a rectangular signal with the frequency of 10kHz, duty factor and an amplitude
large enough for the output voltage to reach the maximum values in both directions.
Determine the SR from the slope of the transition between the extreme values: SR=VO/t
VO=26V
t=3.1us
SR=8.66V/us

5. Frequency answer of the circuits

Connect C1 and C4 for the circuit in the first experimental setup. Apply at the input of the
circuit (pin I) a sinusoidal signal with the amplitude of 100mV and a variable frequency of 10Hz1MHz.
Measure the output voltage of the operational amplifier (pin O) for the different
frequencies and write the following table:
f(Hz) 100 200 500 1k
2k
5k
10k 20k 50k 100k 200k 500k 1M
AO(V) 9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.4
8.4
5.4
3.2
1.4
0.54 0.272

AO is the amplitude of the output voltage.

Draw the amplitude frequency characteristic on a duble logarithmic scale plot.

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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Lab 3 Operational Amplifiers Applications

1. Integrating circuit

Applying at the input of the circuit (pin I) a rectangular signal, with the amplitude of 0.5V
and the 1kHz and 40 Hz frequencies, view the output signal (pin O) and compare the results with
the theoretical ones.

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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

2. Derivation circuit

Applying at the input of the circuit (pin I) a rectangular signal, with the amplitude of 2V
and the 100Hz and 10kHz frequencies, view the output signal (pin O) and compare the results
with the theoretical ones.

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Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Repeat the first measurements for a sinusoidal signal with the amplitude of 2V and the
frequencies of 100Hz and 10kHz.

Repeat the first measurements for a triangular signal with the amplitude of 2V and the
frequencies of 100Hz and 10kHz

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3. Low pass filter

Connect C1 to obtain a 1st order low apss filter. Apply at the input a sinusoidal signal with the
amplitude of 1V and a variable frequency between 100Hz 100kHz.
View the output signal (pin O), fill in the table, then draw the amplitude frequency
characteristic AO(f).

f (Hz)
AO (V)

100
1

1000
0.608

10000
0.1

16

100000
0.096

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Repeat the measurements for the C1 and C3 connections, which make a 2nd order low pass filter.

f (Hz)
AO (V)

100
1.04

1000
0.78

10000
0.036

17

100000
0.029

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

4. High pass filter

Connect C2 and C4 and create a 1st order high pass filter. Apply at the input a sinusoidal
signal with the amplitude of 5V and a variable frequency between 10Hz 100kHz.
View the output signal (pin O), fill in the table, then draw the amplitude frequency
characteristic AO(f).

f (Hz)
AO (V)

10
0.08

100
0.504

1000
3.52

18

10000
5.12

100000
5.12

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

Based on the previous results, compute the variation over a decade of the output voltage and
determine the slope of the frequency characteristic.
Repeat the measurements for the C1, C3 and C4 connections (the new filter is a 2nd order
high pass filter).

f (Hz)
AO (V)

10
0.08

100
0.064

1000
2.4

19

10000
5.04

100000
5.04

Analog Integrated Circuits George Ciobanu

5. Band pass filter

Apply at the input a sinusoidal signal with the amplitude of 2V a variable frequency between
100Hz 100kHz.
View the output signal (pin O), fill in the table, then draw the amplitude frequency
characteristic AO(f).

f (Hz)
AO (V)

10
0.048

100
0.084

1000
0.48

10000
8

20

100000
0.416

1000000
0.160