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1. Commodity chemicals
- Large quantities
- Usually produced in continues process
No differences properties between a commodity chemicals produced
by different company
The way to compete between the company :
To have lower ancillary costs
2. Specialty chemicals, the pioneer for commodity
- Smaller quantities
- Usually using batch process for production
Go for design of chemical product design
Cussler and
Moggridge
Needs
Ideas
Selection
Manufacture
Needs
- A new chemical product is sought in response to a need, from individual
customers, groups or society
Ideas
- The generation of ideas is tantamount to brainstorming
- Idea can be sought from a variety of sources;
- Members of the product development team
- Potential customers
- Published literatures
Selection
- It is necessary to screen the ideas and select a few for more investigations
- Scientific principles can be applied
- There are more quantitative methods for screening alternatives;
Concept screening and concept scoring
Concept screening
A selection matrix is prepared by listing a set of criteria to be used to
evaluate the alternatives
One alternative is chosen as reference alternative; ex.: industry
standard
All criteria for reference standard are assigned a value of zero
The criteria for other alternatives are assigned values of :
+ meaning better than
Zero, meaning same as
- Meaning worse than
Criterion
Alternative
1
1
2
3
4
5
+
0
+
0
0
+
0
0
-
0
+
0
+
+
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
+
+
+
-
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
-
Total Score
-1
-1
Rank
Concept scoring
Using the same matrix as concept screening, but only on those alternatives
that have survived
The reference alternative is chosen
Each criterion is assigned a relative weight and assigned a value from 1 to 5
1, means much worse than reference
2, means worse than
3, means same as
4, means better than
5, means much better than
Criterion
1
2
3
4
5
Total Score
Rank
Weight
25 %
5%
15 %
35 %
20 %
Alternative
1
5
3
5
3
3
3
4
3
1
4
4
3
5
2
3
3
4
5
5
1
3.8
2.55
3.20
3.65
Manufacture
- The detail of chemical product design:
- Determining whether the product can be manufactured
- Developing detail product specifications
- How product to be manufactured
- Estimating the cost of manufacturing
- It also includes sample or prototype testing
Batch Processing
- The process operations are often employed for specialty chemical
products
Economic Considerations
- The sale price is determined by the price competitors charge for the same
chemical
- The law supply and demand does affect the price
- The initial price of a new product usually reflects the value of its
uniqueness