Real fluids are "sticky" and contain (and conduct)

heat. Perfect fluids are idealized models in which

these possibilities are neglected. Specifically,
perfect fluids have noshear stresses, viscosity,
or heat conduction.
Ideal Fluids an imaginary fluid that lacks viscosity
thermal conductivity. There is no internal friction in
an ideal deal. Fluid that is there no tangential
stresses between two neighboring layers.
Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid
particles follow. These can be thought of as
"recording" the path of a fluid element in the flow
over a certain period. The direction the path takes
will be determined by the streamlines of the fluid at
each moment in time.
Streamlines are

family

of curves that

are

instantaneously tangent to the velocity vector of the

flow. These show the direction a massless fluid
element will travel in at any point in time.
Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid
particles that have passed continuously through a
particular spatial point in the past. Dye steadily
injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along
streakline.
Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by
high momentum diffusion and low momentum
convection.
Turbulent flow flow regime characterized by
chaotic property changes. This includes low
momentum diffusion, high momentum convection,
and rapid variation of pressure and flow velocity in
space and time.

A steady flow is one in which the conditions (velocity,

pressure and cross-section) may differ from point to point
but DO NOT change with time.
Unsteady Flow - If at any point in the fluid, the conditions
change with time, the flow is described as. unsteady.
Uniform flow: If the flow velocity is the same magnitude
and direction at every point in the fluid it is said to be
uniform.
Vortex is a region in a fluid medium in which the flow is
mostly rotating around an axis line, the vortical flow that
occurs either on a straight-axis or a curved-axis.
The flow velocity of a fluid is a vector field, and the
vorticity of the flow can be defined by. A common
alternative notation for vorticity is . If is irrotational, with ,
then the flow is said to be an irrotational flow. The
vorticity of an irrotational flow is zero.

Stagnation point is a point in a flow field where the

local velocity of the fluid is zero. [1] Stagnation points exist
at the surface of objects in the flow field, where the fluid
is

brought

to

rest

by

the

object.

The Bernoulli

equation shows that the static pressure is highest when

the velocity is zero and hence static pressure is at its
maximum value at stagnation points. This static pressure
is called the stagnation pressure.

a boundary layer is the layer of fluid in the immediate

vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of
viscosity are significant.

The separation point is defined as the point

between the forward and backward flow, where the
shear stress is zero. The overall boundary layer
initially thickens suddenly at the separation point
and is then forced off the surface by the reversed
flow at its bottom.
Wake turbulence is turbulence that forms behind
an aircraft as it passes through the air. This
turbulence includes various components, the most
important of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash.
A flownet is a graphical representation of twodimensional steady-state groundwater flow
through aquifers.

Volumetric flow rate is defined by the limit: I.e.,

the flow of volume of fluid V through a surface per
unit time t. Since this is only the time derivative of
volume, a scalar quantity, the volumetric flow
rate is also a scalar quantity.

New Era University

College of Engineering and Technology

Fluid Mechanics

Kinematics

Submitted to: Professor German Barlis

Submitted by: Ceejay Abne