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30/11/2015

EvaporationfromWaterSurfaces

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EvaporationfromWaterSurfaces
Theamountofevaporatedwaterfromawatersurfaceslikeswimmingpoolsoranopentanksdependsonthetemperatureinthewaterandintheair,andthehumidityandvelocityoftheairabovethe
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Theevaporationofwaterfromawatersurface,asanopentank,aswimmingpoolorsimilar,dependsthetemperatureinthewaterandthetemperatureintheair,theactualhumidityoftheairandthevelocityoftheairabovethesurface.

Theamountofevaporatedwatercanbeexpressedas:
gs=A(xsx)/3600(1)
or
gh=A(xsx)
where
gs=amountofevaporatedwaterpersecond(kg/s)
gh=amountofevaporatedwaterperhour(kg/h)
=(25+19v)=evaporationcoefficient(kg/m2h)
v=velocityofairabovethewatersurface(m/s)
A=watersurfacearea(m2)
xs=humidityratioinsaturatedairatthesametemperatureasthewatersurface(kg/kg)(kgH2OinkgDryAir)
x=humidityratiointheair(kg/kg)(kgH2OinkgDryAir)
Note!Theunitsfordon'tmatchsincethethisisanempiricalequationaresultofexperiments.

RequiredHeatSupply
Mostoftheheatrequiredfortheevaporationistakenfromthewateritself.Tomaintainthewatertemperatureheatmustbesupplied.
Theheatsuppliedcanbecalculatedas:
q=hwegs(2)
where
q=heatsupplied(kJ/s,kW)
hwe=evaporationheatofwater(2257kJ/kg)

ExampleEvaporatedWaterfromaSwimmingPool
Foraswimmingpoolwithwatertemperature25oCthesaturationhumidityratiois0.02kg/kg.Withanairtemperatureof25oCand50%relativehumiditythehumidityratioinairis0.0098kg/kgchecktheMollierdiagram.
Fora25mx20mswimmingpooland0.5m/svelocityofairabovethesurface,theevaporationcanbecalculatedas:
gs=(25+19(0.5m/s))((25m)(20m))((0.02kg/kg)(0.0098kg/kg))/3600
=0.049kg/s
Theheatsupplyrequiredtomaintainthetemperaturecanbecalculatedas:
q=(2257kJ/kg)(0.049kg/s)
=110.6kW
Theheatsupplycanbereducedby
reducingtheairvelocityabovethewatersurfacelimitedeffect
reducingthesizeofthepoolnotreallypractical
reducingthewatertemperaturenotacomfortsolution
reducingtheairtemperaturenotacomfortsolution
increasethemoisturecontentintheairmayincreasethecondensationanddamageofbuildingconstructions
removethewetsurfacepossiblewithplasticblanketsoutsideoperationtime.Veryeffectiveandcommonlyused
Note!Duringoperationtimetheactivityinaswimmingpoolmayincreasetheevaporationandtheneedofheatsupplydramatically.
Toreducetheenergyconsumptionandtoavoidmoisturedamagesinthebuildingconstructions,itsmoreandmorecommontouseheatrecyclingdeviceswithheatpumpstomovelatentheatfromtheairtothewaterintheswimmingpool.

SurfaceEvaporationCalculator
500

Asurfacearea(m2)

0.02

xshumidityratioinsaturatedair(kg/kg)(kgH2OinkgDryAir)

0.0098
0.5

xhumidityratiointheair(kg/kg)(kgH2OinkgDryAir)
vvelocityofairabovethesurface(m/s)

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EvaporationfromWaterSurfaces
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RelatedTopics
AirPsychrometricsThestudyofmoistandhumidairairconditionpsychrometriccharts,Mollierdiagrams,airtemperature,absoluteandrelativehumidity,moisturecontentandmore

RelatedDocuments
SizingSwimmingPoolHeatersCalculatingoutdoorswimmingpoolheaters
AirRequiredtoRemoveMoistureRequiredairflowtoremovemoisturefromaroom
HumidityRatioofAirHumidityratio(GPP)istheratiobetweenactualmassofwatervaporpresentinmoistairtothemassofdryair
HeatLossfromOpenWaterTanksDuetoevaporationheatlossfromopenwatertankasaswimmingpoolsmaybeconsiderable
DryingForceofAirTheDryingForceofairmaybeexpressedasthemoistureholdingcapacityoftheairandtheevaporationcapacityfromawatersurfacetotheair
WaterThermalPropertiesThermalpropertiesofwaterdensity,freezingtemperature,boilingtemperature,latentheatofmelting,latentheatofevaporation,criticaltemperatureandmore
MollierDiagramTheMollierdiagramisagraphicrepresentationoftherelationshipbetweenairtemperature,moisturecontentandenthalpyandisabasicdesigntoolforbuildingengineersanddesigners

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