Infrastructure Planning

Solid Waste Management- Khanna, Punjab

Integrated Semester, Master of Planning

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Mahak Agrawal
Manmohan Singh
Rohit Kashyap
Saksham Gupta
Shriya Dattaram Puranik

New Delhi

October 2015

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

Infrastructure Planning || 2015

Contents

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 2

1.0

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3

2.0

Solid waste management system in Khanna.......................................................... 3

3.0

Solid waste management policies........................................................................... 5

3.1

National level policies ............................................................................................. 5

3.2

State level policies .................................................................................................. 6

3.3

Local level policies .................................................................................................. 6

5.0 Current Service provisions .......................................................................................... 7

5.1 Household Waste .......................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Organic waste from Hotels and Restaurants ................................................................ 7
5.3 Industrial waste............................................................................................................ 7
5.4 Road Side Waste......................................................................................................... 7
7.0 Pricing and cost recovery ............................................................................................ 8
In the areas where waste is collected by the municipal authority, no charges are being
paid by the owner. Whereas when the private collectors charge rupees 50100/household depending on the distance and frequency and the waste is dumped at
dumping sites with contribute nothing to cost recovery ................................................. 8
8.0 Issue identification........................................................................................................ 8
References .......................................................................................................................... 9

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1: Division of Khanna in 3 parts by the transport corridorsError!

Bookmark
not
defined.
Fig. 2: Storage sites of Solid waste near and beneath National highway flyover .................. 4
Fig. 3: Dumping of Solid waste beneath NH-1 ...................................................................... 5
Fig. 4: Dumping sites within residential areas ...................................................................... 7
Fig. 5: Waste generation and dumping by informal markets in Khanna, Punjab ........... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Fig. 6: Current sanitary conditions of residential areas of Khanna ........................................ 8

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

1.0

Infrastructure Planning || 2015

Introduction

In the report, the urban infrastructure of solid waste management will be discussed for the city
of Khanna, Punjab. In the second section, the discussion will focus on solid waste
management policies and legislations at national, state and local levels. It would also look into
the institutional arrangement for solid waste management in Khanna and their vision, goals,
strategies for planning, service provision and management along with their roles and
responsibilities. Thence, in the fourth section, existing norms for service provision, as detailed
out in the Urban and Regional Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI)
and Master Plan for Khanna, 2010-31; would be discussed and compared with current service
provision. From this, demand supply gaps and other major challenges in efficient and equitable
infrastructure and service provision (political/policy related, locational, institutional, financial,
social, environmental and resource related); would be identified.

Finally,

initiatives

by

government or people of Khanna to manage solid waste coupled with recommendations for
improvement in delivery of improved infrastructure and services would be discussed.

2.0

Solid waste management system in Khanna

In this section, a brief introduction to solid waste management is given, followed by an

introduction to solid waste management system in the town of Khanna, Punjab. To begin with,
solid waste is defined unwanted solid fractions, generated by various sources, including
domestic units, trade centres, commercial establishments, industries, agriculture, institutions,
mining activities, etc. The type of waste generated and its characteristics are primarily guided
by the place and season of its generation (National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2015). The
Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation, the technical wing of
Ministry of Urban Development has classified solid waste in fourteen categories based on
source, origin and type of waste. These include domestic waste, municipal waste, commercial
waste, institutional waste, garbage, rubbish, ashes, bulky waste, street sweepings, dead
animals, construction and demolition waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste and sewage
waste (CPHEEO, 2000).
A solid waste management system includes a chain of activities beginning at collection and
terminating at disposal and recycle of waste. In between, segregation, transportation and
processing of waste takes place. In Khanna, the Solid waste management is a prime

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

Infrastructure Planning || 2015

responsibility of the Municipal Council of Khanna. Within the Council, the Public Health
Department is responsible for day to day solid waste management.

Location of
storage

Fig. 1:

Dumping of Solid waste beneath NH-1

Photos by Author (2015)

Fig. 1: Storage sites of Solid waste near and beneath National highway flyover
Photos by Author (2015)

Khanna city is a Class III city with its population (equal to 1,28,000 persons) lying in the range
of 1,00,000 persons- to- 5,00,000 persons. As per the NEERI report of 1995, for a city with
population 1 lakh to 5 lakh, the average per capita waste generation in grams per capita per
day is 210 gm/capita/day. Hence, the amount of waste generation for Khanna as per NEERI
norms would be 26.8 metric tonnes. But, as per the Master Plan document of Khanna prepared
4

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

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in 2010, the solid waste generation for the city has been computed to 43 metric tonnes, with
417grams as per capita generation per day.

Dumping of solid waste

Fig. 2:

Dumping of Solid waste beneath NH-1

Photos by Author (2015)

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the city is divided into three main parts by the National Highway and
Railway line connecting Delhi to Amritsar. While surveying the city of Khanna during
September 18, 2015 to September 30, 2015; we observed that as far as storage (even
dumping of waste to an extent) of solid waste is concerned, the National Highway- 1 serves
as the central spine. All throughout the length of the NH-1 within municipal limits of Khanna,
several small Storage spaces have been created where sanitation workers and sweepers are
dumping waste (Fig.2 and Fig. 3). However, the Solid waste management system would be
discussed in detail in subsequent sections.

3.0

Solid waste management policies

In India, various acts, rules and regulations have been framed with regards to municipal solid
waste management in cities. Some of these acts and rules are framed at National level, while
some others are framed at state level and local levels. In the following sections the major
national, state and local level solid waste management policies, applicable in the context of
Khanna have been discussed.
3.1

National level policies

At the national level, the most significant piece of legislation for solid waste management in
India is the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. The Rules are
applicable to every urban local body in India, including Khanna municipal council which is
responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of
municipal waste. The rules mandate that waste should be collected in a segregated manner
5

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

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as organic waste, domestic hazardous waste, recyclable waste and silt and construction and
demolition waste. It also details out the process and need for a planned transportation,
processing and disposal of waste. However, in Khanna, compliance with the MSW Rules,
2000 is yet to become a reality. The urban local body is unable to comply with the norms
because of technical, managerial and mainly financial deficiencies coupled with lack of
willingness on the part of government.
3.2

State level policies

In 2014, the Government of Punjab formulated the Punjab Model Municipal Solid Waste
Management Plan-2014. The Plan covers 146 Urban Local Bodies of Punjab generating
approximately 4250 tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) every day. The Department of Local
Government Punjab has proposed a cluster approach and formed eight clusters comprising
of 8 to 26 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in each cluster covering all the ULBs in the State. The
clusters are proposed to be developed on Public-Private- Partnership (PPP) basis and the
solid waste management will be carried out in all the urban local bodies in the state as per the
Punjab Model MSW Plan-2014.
3.3

Local level policies

At the local level, although there are no policies for solid waste management but the entire
management is being done by the public health department of Municipal Council of Khanna.
With 100% coverage on paper, the waste is collected by sweepers at household level, and
stored (and dumped in dhalaos located along NH-1).

4.0

Institutional

arrangement

for

provision and management

infrastructure/service

planning,

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

Infrastructure Planning || 2015

5.0 Current Service provisions

5.1 Household Waste

Within Khanna two level of system is being used for the collection of waste. The system
includes that firstly the waste is collected from the point of generation known as Primary
collection i.e. from the households a person from the municipality goes door to door and
collects the waste generated and collects it. Second stage includes the collection of waste at
community level i.e the collected solid waste is then dumped at various collection points
identified by the council, and other unauthorized open places by the use of Wheel barrows
and cycle rickshaws. As already mentioned in previous sections, the city lacks a well defined
system of dhalaos, thus the waste is being dumped but are being dumped on the roads itself
or on the open vacant lands. In most of the houses people have hired a private sweeper to
collect the waste generated from their houses and is being dumped on the roadside itself.
5.2 Organic waste from Hotels and Restaurants
The waste from the hotels and restaurants is being collected and dumped on the road, and
sometimes in community bins. From bins and road side heaps the waste is collected and is
being transported to the collection site by the Safai-sewaks via cycle rickshaws or wheel
barrow. With the help of tractors and trolleys the waste from the collection site is being picked
up and is dumped on the Dumping site within Khanna. In all these process there is no
segregation of waste which takes place.
5.3 Industrial waste
Within Khanna the Waste from the Steel industries is being collected and it is being
transported via trucks to the Nimbua Greenfield Punjab Limited which is a landfill site and is
around 84 km away from Khanna.
5.4 Road Side Waste
The waste lying on the road sides is collected
by the staff employed by the Council. The
waste dumped outside the community bin
(containers) and portable bins are also
dumped inside the bin by the Safai sewaks.
The safai sewak has been given wheel
barrows to lift the waste and transport it to the Fig. 3: Dumping sites within residential areas
Photos by Author (2015)

identified dump site.

Solid Waste Management in Khanna

Infrastructure Planning || 2015

Corporation has employed various safai-sevaks to sweep the roads daily and collect the solid
waste. Each safai-sevak is given approximately 1 km of road length for sweeping of municipal
roads. There are total 34 garbage collection points in the Khanna city which are maintained
by the M.C. Khanna. There are two garbage collection sites marked by M.C. Khanna for
dumping the collected garbage. Open land fill system is adopted by the M.C. for dumping the
solid waste.
Details of dumping points in different zones
Site

Area(in acres)

Paved (pucca)

Containerized
sites

No.of
placed

Bhattian
Bhaghour

3.5
5

34
-

34
-

containers

Source : Master Plan of Khanna 2009

6.0 Good practices by people or government

Fig. 4: Current sanitary conditions of

residential areas of Khanna
Photos by Author (2015)

7.0 Pricing and cost recovery

In the areas where waste is collected by the municipal authority, no charges are
being paid by the owner. Whereas when the private collectors charge rupees 50100/household depending on the distance and frequency and the waste is dumped
at dumping sites with contribute nothing to cost recovery

8.0 Issue identification

No waste segregation done & no system of waste processing.

Although Municipal council has not made any arrangement of segregation of
solid waste but waste pickers segregate the plastic, glass and other material
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Solid Waste Management in Khanna

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at the collection point and sell them to Kabaris which also becomes an
earning source for them.

No door to door collection in certain wards.

At some places people dump there solid waste in surrounding vacant

plots.

No dustbins in parks

References

CPHEEO (2000) Manual on Solid waste management, New Delhi: Ministry of Urban
Development
National Institute of Urban Affairs. (2015). Urban Solid Waste Management in India . New
Delhi: UMC Pvt Ltd.
NEERI (1995). Strategy Paper on SWM in India, National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute, Nagpur.