International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2015

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REDUCTION OF TIME DELAY IN NETWORKS USING THE TWO

CHANNEL SELECTION METHOD FOR COGNITIVE RADIO
K.S.S Hemanth[1], V.Shashidhar[2]
1

M.Tech Scholar, Department of Computer science,

Vignans Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Vadlamudi, India

2

M.Tech, Associate Professor, Department of Computer science,

Vignans Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Vadlamudi, India

ABSTRACT
Our ultimate goal is to provide uninterrupted connection
b/w secondary users in cognitive radio communication
model. Cognitive radios are regarded as a promising
solution for alleviating this spectrum underutilization
problem by enabling secondary users. In traditional ad
hoc networks, broadcasts are conducted on a common
channel, which is shared by all devices in the network.
However, in cognitive radio ad hoc networks, secondary
users may observe heterogeneous channel availability,
which is unknown to other secondary users before the
control information was broadcast. In this work, a QoSbased Multi transmitter broadcast protocol under Blind
Information for multi-hop CR ad hoc networks is
proposed with the aim of having a more stable success
rate and short broadcast delay in all the levels. And we
have enhanced our base work with the Selection of
application as per the user preference based on QoS is
one salient feature.

occupancy, free channel availability, the types of data to

be transmitted and the modulation types that may be
used. It must also look at the regulatory requirements. In
some instances knowledge of geography and this may
alter what it may be allowed to do. In some instances it
may be necessary to use software defined radio, so that it
can reconfigure itself to meet the optimal transmission
technique for a given set of parameters. Accordingly
Cognitive radio technique and software defined radio are
often tightly linked.

Fig 1: CR network in Spectrum

Key word: Cognitive Radio, Spectrum sensing, primary
users, secondary users.

1. INTRODUCTION
Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc is one of the new LTD
taking place and radio receiver and radio
communications technique. After growth of the Software
Defined Radio, CR is slowly becoming more of a reality;
cognitive radio technique will be the next major step
forward ensuring more effective radio communications
systems to be developed. There is assumption to be a
variety of different views of what exactly what a CRadhoc network may be. As per the definitions, a
cognitive radio may be of use in a number of available
sources. A CR-adhoc may be defined as a radio that is
aware of its surroundings and the internal mode and with
knowledge of these component and any stored predefined objectives can make and implement decisions
about its behavior. In general the cognitive radio may be
expected to look at parameters such as spectrum

Applications
CR-adhoc can detect its environment and,
without the making problem with other user, can adapt
to the user's communications requirements while
conforming to FCC rules in the US. In some paper work,
the amount of channels is infinite; specifically, for data
sharing and other reasons it is limited because of the
desirability of certain spectrum range. Assigned channel
is far from being fully used, and effectiveness of
spectrum usage is a growing concern; CR provides a
solution to this issue. A CR can intelligently detect
whether any range of the spectrum is in use, and can
temporarily utilize it without making collision with the
transmissions of other devices. According to Bruce
Fette, "Some of the radio's other cognitive abilities
include finding its position, detection of spectrum usage
by neighboring devices, changing channel, adjusting
transmission power or even altering output parameters
and characteristics. All of these process, and others yet
to be realized, will provide wireless channels to users

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2015

with the ability to adapt to real-time channel conditions,

providing regulators, primary users and the general
public flexible, effectiveness and comprehensive use of
the channel.

2. RELATED WORK
In [1] paper, researcher defined a framework for
QoS support in such NGNs, future Generation networks
where multi-interface terminals were given end-to-end
quality guarantees regardless of their point of
attachment. The set of work supports MIH, triggered
either by the node or by the service provider, to improve
the quality of network resources distribution. This set of
work not only flows are given with service guarantees
connectivity, but also operators are given the ability to
reconfigure the distribution of network resources to
improve the performance. This work does account for
the challenges to be tackled in NGNs with a best and
scalable solution.
In [2] paper, researcher proposed a cognitive model
using an evolutionary algorithm, Swarm Intelligence, is
described. That paper method uses a novel technique that
utilizes a cost function that selects the improved
parameters to provide an adaptive quality of service
based on the users needs. That approach ensures
interoperability and scalability between different
modulation techniques in the physical layer and
optimized security against DoS attacks such as jamming
attacks and signaling hacking. Modulation techniques
such as OFDM, CSMA/CA, W-CDMA, to evaluate realtime cognitive adhoc network are not incorporated in
that research work.
In [3] paper, researcher proposed a method for
quality of service ensuring over the air connection in
future wireless networks, including 4G enhancement and
cognitive mobile networks. The works is based on the
paradigm of service classes, wherein each class can
shows characteristic properties in terms of resource
setting over the air interface. In this approach the user
application can select the service class that best suits its
expectations in terms of QoS and cost based access. But
that method may be necessary to limit the number of
classes of applications the user runs simultaneously.
In [4] paper, researcher described the idea of
implementing a new QoS improving architecture that
will judge the device requirements and knowing peak
times of services usage can save the bandwidth/cost
factors. The proposed architecture can be changeable
according to the network usage priorities so as to
considerably increase a networks QoS performance.
The technique will be refined by a field trial with real
users after an initial test phase in controlled
environments.

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In [5] paper, researcher analyzed that a system

combining extensions of two radio access technologies,
IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 cognitive requirements.
Real-world use cases for such handoff include
responding to applications, operators, or users asking for
more data transmission, less costs, higher QoS, or
improved traffic management, as well as to changes in
mobility status or coverage. Voice call continuity
potentially applies to 802.16m/802.11 VHT handoff.
VCC improves network problems.
In [6] paper, researcher described the QoS
architecture and the corresponding QoS signaling
protocols to be developed inside the IST project
Daidalos. QoS management of the technique also
defined through the Policybased Management System,
and a Real-time Network supervising system able to aid
in connection control with the results of active and
passive measurements. Applicable to only limited set of
available paths.
In this [7] paper, researcher propose analyzed the
implications of the ABC vision in a UMTS/WLAN
network context, and reveal emergency issues that arise.
From a modeling point of view, our ABC system model
gives explicit modeling support for necessary parameters
that inarguably affect the computation of an ABC
solution in a UMTS/WLAN interworking context and
beyond.
In [8] paper, researcher developed the emerging
needs users are imposing upon the evolving world of
Multi-property cognitive mobile/wireless networks
through their perception of last services. In specific the
other concepts of adaptability and re-configurability, and
service provision, which will respect users aspirations
and viewpoints, are considered primary with given
priority for QoS requirements upon the heterogeneous
cognitive networks. This model does not assumption
about updating this mapping as user-focused scenarios
and requirements, as well as considering user
perspective for the research integration.
In [9] paper, researcher addresses the problem of
integration of these two classes of networks to offer such
continuous connectivity. Specifically, he defined two
possible merging approaches named as tight merging
and loose merging and advocates the latter as the
preferred Methods. Integrated 802.11/3G wireless data
services support continuous inters technique mobility,
QoS guarantees and multi-provider roaming agreements.
The modifications to the proposed architecture are
needed to support UMTS.
In [10] paper, researcher developed security
requirements and security architecture for CR systems
with the consideration of Trusted Computing for mobile
equipment. The security set of work based on Trusted

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2015

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Mobile Platform and PKI is proposed to provide a

considerable robust platform for users access to
sensitive service and data in the scenario of cognitive
systems. It can provide advance security and also satisfy
the security requirements of TMP class 3. So it is more
suitable for mobile equipment and capable of being
employed to handle the security issues in CR networks.
This method has some slighter computational payloads.

Application selection
In real time, user can choose any of application
like as video sharing, voice calling, internet and etransfer and so on. In our project we are taking three
parameters video, audio, e-transf. In our project, we
included application selection module for fixing the
specific application with some specific properties
preference as given as below

EXISTING SYSTEM & DISADVANTAGES

There are the two existing methods used to
check the channel availability. Since secondary users
may stay on different channels, one possible method is
to let the transmitter randomly select a channel to
broadcast, whereas the receiver also randomly chooses a
channel to listen. However, the probability that the
transmitter and the receiver select the same channel is
low when the number of spectrum channels is large and
when they have different available channel sets.
Another possible solution is to broadcast the
control message on every available channel in the band.
However, this method will cause long broadcast delay
when the number of available channels is large. More
severely, this straightforward method cannot guarantee
the reception of the control message since the receiving
node may also change its operating channel in the
meantime.

Wireless network evolution

Here we are deployed the network which is capable
of selecting various network. The proposed network
selection technique works on the choice of the user
specified QoS specs. A discovery and selection
mechanism to find a new Base Station availability.
Customizing parameters
In this module, after collecting the network detail we
are separating the different specs. After separating the
parameters for each network, we are comparing that
parameter to select best network

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this paper, a quality-of-service QoS-based
broadcast protocol under blind information for multi-hop
CR ad hoc networks, i.e., QB2IC is proposed. Two
schemes of the QB2 IC protocol are introduced. In our
design, we consider practical scenarios: 1) the network
topology is not known; 2) the channel information on the
other SUs is not known; 3) the available channel sets of
different SUs are not assumed to be the same; and 4)
tight time synchronization is not required. Our proposed
QB2 IC protocol is to intelligently design the channelhopping sequences for both the SU sender and the SU
receiver to guarantee channel rendezvous, given that the
sender and the receiver have at least one channel in
common. And we have enhanced our base work with the
multi transmitter to get channel information in blind
environment.
Modules:
Application selection
Wireless network evolution
Customizing parameters
Network selection

Fig 2.Network selection process

Network selection
After comparison, the Rank list will be generated for
each spec. Multi-parameter selection method is required
to meet user needs in terms of automatic network
selection during handoff. All the spec values are
normalized so that they take on values as zero and one
and also in negative. After processing the rank for
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2015

provided application, the device going to select the best

network automatically.
Algorithm
Step1: Initialize the application properties.
Step2: Collecting the Network information.
Step3: Initializing network parameters.
Step4: Sorting.
Step5: Input application.
Step6: Comparison (analyzing parameters).
Step7: Giving Rank to the network.
Step8: Selection of network.

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to other SUs before the control information was

broadcast. In this paper, multi transmitter based
broadcast protocol under Blind Information for multihop CR ad hoc networks proposed and we have achieved
a high success rate and short broadcast delay compare
than existing work. And in our enhancement work we
proposed a technique to provide continuous
communication in most of the environment, such as 1)
communication cant be done without infrastructure, 2)
communication can be done without infrastructure. And
we have enhanced our base work with the multi
transmitter to get channel information in blind
environment. So we have got good results.

4. REQUIREMENTS
Hardware: Single PC with (20 Gb Hard disc space 1Gb
RAM)
Software: Linux OS (Ubuntu 10.04), NS2 and TCL
interpreter

5. RESULT ANALYSIS
We have analyzed our proposed work with the
NS2 with TCL programming. We got the good results
such as high success rate and less delay

Fig.3 delay comparison

6. CONCLUSION
CR-adhoc is regarded as a promising solution
for alleviating this channel usage issue by enabling
secondary users. In traditional ad hoc devices, broadcast
messages are conducted on a common channel, which is
shared by all devices in the network. However, in
cognitive radio ad hoc networks, secondary users may
observe heterogeneous free channel, which is unknown

7. FUTURE WORK
In our enhancement work we have proposed
multi ranking technique to check the network
availability and data transmission. Due the periodic
update, little overhead is increased. So in our future
work we will concentrate on the overhead reduction.

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