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MP4J03
NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION 2006-2007
MP4J03 Marine Engineering Systems and Control
Time Allowed: 21/2 hours

April/May 2007
INSTRUCTIONS
1.

This paper contains FOUR (4) questions and comprises FOUR (4) pages.

2.

Answer ALL questions.

3.
Question 1 carries 40 marks and remaining three questions carry 20 marks each.
___________________________________________________________________________
1(a)

List the main parameters to be considered in selecting valves for the various piping
systems operating on board a ship.
(4 marks)

(b)

When synchronous generators are to be connected to an infinite bus, it must be

synchronised. List the conditions that are required before connecting generators to an
infinite bus.
(4 marks)

(c)

A 440 V, 60 Hz, six-pole, 3 phase induction motor is taking 50 kVA at 0.8 power
factor and is running at a slip of 2.5%. The stator copper losses are 500 W and the
rotational losses are 2500 W. Determine the rotor copper losses, output power and
shaft torque for the induction motor.
(6 marks)

(d)

A mechanical lever can provide a mechanical advantage by appropriate positioning of

the fulcrum to the load and effort.
Explain how Pascals Law can be exploited to move a load many times the input force.
Support your answer with the aid of graphical illustrations.
Given an input piston cylinder diameter of 2 cm, and a maximum input force of
10 kg, determine the minimum output piston diameter needed to overcome a load of
1000 kg.
Comment on the practicality of adopting a mechanical lever instead of a hydraulic
solution.
(7 marks)

Note: Question 1 continues on page 2.

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MP4J03
(e)

The overall efficiency of a pump, o , is the product of v and m , the volumetric

and mechanical efficiencies, respectively. Considering internal leakage, filling
efficiency, mechanical friction and fluid losses, explain the effects of volumetric and
mechanical efficiencies with respect to increasing operating speed and system
pressure.
(6 marks)

(f)

Explain the function of a fuel injector and a speed governor in the control of a diesel
engine.
(4 marks)

(g)

Explain what is a SCADA system and how it can be used by Ship Officers to monitor
and control operations of liquid cargo in the ship tanks from the bridge.
(4 marks)

(h)

Compare the difference between integral control and derivative control in a

Proportional-integral-derivative controller.
(5 marks)

2(a)

For a dc motor to function properly, it must have some special control and protection
equipment associated with it.
(i)

List the purposes of this protection equipment.

(3 marks)

(ii)

(b)

Sketch a ladder diagram for a counter-emf type of starter to be connected to a

shunt dc motor. Three armature voltage relays are to be connected across the
armature. Briefly describe the operating features of the counter-emf type of dc
motor starter.
(9 marks)

A dc shunt motor is connected to a 230 V supply. It delivers power to the load which
draws an armature current of 200 A and runs at a speed of 1200 rpm. The armature
resistance of the dc motor is 0.2 . The rotational losses are 500 W.
(i)

Calculate the generated voltage at this loaded condition and the load torque.
(5 marks)

(ii)

Calculate the efficiency of the motor if the field circuit resistance is 115 .
(3 marks)

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MP4J03
3(a)

On board a ship, power from a diesel prime mover is customarily transmitted to the
propellers via a solid shaft (see Figure 1(a)). An alternative method of transmitting
power is through a hydraulic transmission system. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of the alternative system, in particular the power transmission
efficiency and system layout flexibility.
(5 marks)

Prime
Mover

Transmission

Pump

Motor

Figure 1(a) A Simplified Schematic of a Hydraulic Transmission System

(b)

Explain the operation of the hydraulic circuit, shown in Figure 1(b). In a real
system, leakage in the system can be expected resulting in the need to top up the
system. Identify the required enhancement and provide a modified hydraulic circuit to
that of Figure 1(b).

Figure 1(b) A Reversible Hydraulic Transmission System

(10 marks)
(c)

The required output power at the propeller is 100 kW at an operating speed of 500

rpm. It is given that the pump and motor efficiencies v and m are similar and equal
to 90%, and that the propeller motor has a theoretical discharge volume of 100 cm3
per revolution. Determine the required pump input power and its minimum output
flow rate.
(5 marks)

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MP4J03
4.

Figure 2 shows a closed loop control of a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is used
to heat a liquid from 27 C (80 F) to 38 C (100 F). The control valve is actuated by
a 3 15 psig pneumatics signal in response to 4 20 mA signal from the controller.
The controller is located in a control room and the other instruments are located near
the heat exchanger.

27 C

38 C

Figure 2 Temperature Control for Heat Exchanger Unit 401

(a)

Briefly explain the operation of the temperature control loop for the heat exchanger as
shown in Figure 2.
(5 marks)

(b)

Draw a Piping and Instrumentation diagram for the temperature control loop of Heat
Exchanger Unit 401 using standard symbols to indicate the instrument types, signal
types and locations.
(5 marks)

(c)

Briefly describe an appropriate temperature sensing system that can be used in the
control loop.
(4 marks)

(d)

For the control loop, discuss a suitable controller-control valve operation combination
i.e. should the controller be Direct Acting or Reverse Acting operating the control
valve in an Air-to-open or Air-to-close action? You should consider what happens
when there is a failure.
(6 marks)
End of Paper