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TRAINING
Designed for Contec
This manual shows you how to use some basic commands
in Comos.
Bjorn Icke
01/12/2015
AutoCAD manual
Contents
1.
What is AutoCAD............................................................................................................................. 4
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.1
Versions................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2
Drawings areas............................................................................................................................... 5
3.1
Model space............................................................................................................................ 5
3.2
Paper space............................................................................................................................. 5
3.3
4.2
4.3
By clicking................................................................................................................................ 6
5.2
5.3
Drafting in AutoCAD........................................................................................................................ 7
6.1
6.2
Line.......................................................................................................................................... 7
6.3
Polyline.................................................................................................................................... 7
6.4
Circle ....................................................................................................................................... 7
6.5
Arc ........................................................................................................................................... 8
6.6
Rectangle................................................................................................................................. 8
6.7
Center...................................................................................................................................... 8
6.8
Hatch ....................................................................................................................................... 8
6.9
Spline....................................................................................................................................... 8
6.10
Revision Cloud......................................................................................................................... 9
Modyfying in AutoCAD..................................................................................................................10
7.1
7.2
Move .....................................................................................................................................10
7.3
Copy ......................................................................................................................................10
Page 1 of 23
Rotate....................................................................................................................................10
7.5
Scale ......................................................................................................................................11
7.6
Mirror....................................................................................................................................11
7.7
Break .....................................................................................................................................11
7.8
Join ........................................................................................................................................11
7.9
Trim .......................................................................................................................................12
7.10
Explode..................................................................................................................................12
7.11
Erase......................................................................................................................................12
8.
8.2
8.3
Ortho mode...........................................................................................................................13
8.4
8.5
9.
9.2
9.3
Multiline text.........................................................................................................................14
9.4
Dimensions............................................................................................................................14
9.5
Table......................................................................................................................................15
10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
Quick select...........................................................................................................................17
11.
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
Layer 0 ...............................................................................................................................19
11.5
12.
Blocks in AutoCAD.....................................................................................................................20
12.1
12.2
Creating a block.....................................................................................................................20
12.3
Page 3 of 23
1. What is AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) program used for 2-D and 3-D design and drafting.
AutoCAD is developed and marketed by Autodesk Inc. and was one of the initial CAD programs that
could be executed on personal computers.
Versions
Version
2000
2000i
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007 (TRA)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014 (Contec)
2015
2.2
DWG
DXF
DWF
DWS
File Format
DWG 2000
AC1015
DWG 2004
AC1018
Save as
DWG 2007
AC1021
DWG 2010
AC1024
DWG 2013
AC1027
File formats
AutoCAD DraWinG
Drawing eXchange Format
Drawing Web Format
DraWing Stanard
Page 4 of 23
3. Drawings areas
3.1
Model space
By default, you start working in a limitless 3D drawing area called model space. You begin by
deciding whether one unit represents one millimeter, one centimeter, one inch, one foot, or
whatever unit is most convenient. You then draw at 1:1 scale.
3.2
Paper space
To prepare your drawing for printing, switch to paper space. Here you can set up different layouts
with title blocks and notes; and on each layout, you create layout viewports that display different
views of model space. In the layout viewports, you scale the model space views relative to paper
space. One unit in paper space represents the actual distance on a sheet of paper, either in
millimeters or inches, depending on how you configure your page setup.
3.3
Model space is accessible from the Model tab and paper space is accessible from the layout tabs.
Model Space (TRA standard)
Paper Space
Page 5 of 23
4.1
AutoCAD uses a command line in its program where you can enter all of its commands or
abbreviated commands. After entering the command the user can follow the steps he needs to
follow in the command line. The Abbreviated commands are marked in bolt in the entire manual.
4.2
It is possible to enter a command in the command line and execute those commands on the screen
by using the mouse and the crosshair (pointer of the mouse). When AutoCAD asks you to specify a
point or a direction you can use the mouse to do this.
4.3
It is also possible to use the command line on its own by not using the mouse and the crosshair.
In that case you must tell AutoCAD to specify a point or direction by using coordinates.
Coordinates in AutoCAD are entered by using the X, Y (and Z for 3D) axis. First is always the X-axis
and second always the Y-axis.
5.1
By clicking
You can select objects by using the left mouse button and selecting the objects on the screen one by
one.
5.2
You can select objects by clicking with the left mouse button, hold the button and dragging to the
right. On the screen a blue area will appear. All objects that are completely in the blue area will be
selected by releasing the left mouse button.
5.3
You can select objects by clicking with the left mouse button, hold the button and dragging to the
left. On the screen a green area will appear. All objects that cross the green area will be selected by
releasing the left mouse button.
Page 6 of 23
6. Drafting in AutoCAD
6.1
You can find the Draw commands for AutoCAD below the Home tab.
Following most common commands are available:
Line
Polyline
Circle
Arc
Rectangle
Center
Hatch
Spline
Revision cloud
6.2
Line
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
LINE
Specify first point
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]
Remark
6.3
Polyline
Description
Icon
Creates a 2D polyline.
Command
Com. Line
PLINE
Specify first point
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]
Has the possibility to draw thick lines (not possible with LINE command)
Remark
6.4
Circle
Description
Icon
Command
Circle
Page 7 of 23
6.5
Arc
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
Arc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]
Specify end point of arc
Other ways to draw an arc are possible
Remark
6.6
Rectangle
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]
Has the possibility to draw thick lines
Remark
6.7
Center
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
ELLIPSE
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]
Specify other endpoint of axis
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]
Remark
6.8
Hatch
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
Remark
HATCH
Pick internal point or [Select objects/seTtings]
Choose setting to open an interface and select the preferred hatch
6.9
Spline
Description
Icon
Page 8 of 23
Command
Com. Line
Remark
SPLINE
Specify first point or [Method/Knots/Object]
Command
Com. Line
REVCLOUD
Specify start point or [Arc Length/Object/Style]
Guide crosshair along cloud path
Revision cloud finished
Remark
Page 9 of 23
7. Modyfying in AutoCAD
7.1
You can find the Modify commands for AutoCAD below the Home tab.
Following most common commands are available:
Move
Copy
Rotate
Scale
Mirror
Break
Join
Trim
Explode
Erase
7.2
Move
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
MOVE
Select objects
Specify base point or [Displacement]
Specify second point or
Remark
7.3
Copy
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
COPY
Select objects
Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde]
Remark
7.4
Rotate
Description
Icon
Command
ROTATE
Page 10 of 23
7.5
Select objects
Specify base point
Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>
Possibility to enter angle
Scale
Description
Enlarges or reduces selected objects, keeping the proportions of the object the
same after scaling
Icon
Command
Com. Line
Remark
7.6
SCALE
Select objects
Specify base point
Specify scale factor [Copy/Reference]
Scale factor <1> object stays the same
Scale factor <2> object becomes twice as big
Scale factor <0.5> object becomes half the size
Mirror
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
MIRROR
Select objects
Specify first point of mirror line
Specify second point of mirror line
Erase source object? [Yes/No]
Text objects will be copied but not show as a mirror reflection by default
Remark
7.7
Break
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
BREAK
Select object
Specify second break point or [First point]
Line between first and second point will be erased
Remark
7.8
Join
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
JOIN
Select source or multiple objects to join at once
Select objects to join
Objects must be similar to be able to join them
Remark
Page 11 of 23
7.9
Trim
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
TRIM
Select objects or <select all>
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or []
Second object selected is the object that will be trimmed
Remark
7.10 Explode
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
Remark
EXPLODE
Select objects
Mostly used to explode blocks
7.11 Erase
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
Remark
Page 12 of 23
Drafting settings can be used to make it easier for the user to create his drawing. They are a kind of
tools that can be set to on or off. Below you find a list of the most common settings used in
AutoCAD.
8.2
Grid display
Ortho mode
Polar tracking
Object snap
Grid display
Description
Icon
Command
Remark
8.3
Ortho mode
Description
Icon
Command
Remark
8.4
Polar tracking
Description
Icon
Command
Remark
POLARANG(or F10)
Angle can be set in the drafting settings (Polar Tracking)
8.5
Object snap
Description
Object snaps are essential to specifying precise locations on objects. For example,
you can use object snaps to create a line to the center of a circle or to the midpoint
of another line.
Icon
Command
Remark
SNAP(or F3)
Snaps can be set in the drafting settings (Object Snap)
Page 13 of 23
9. AutoCAD annotations
9.1
Annotations are notes or remarks that can be placed on a drawing. You can find the Annotation
commands for AutoCAD on the Home tab.
Below you find the most common annotations used in AutoCAD:
Single line
Multiline Text
Dimensions
Table
9.2
Single line
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
TEXT
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]
Specify height
Specify rotation angle of text
[Enter text]
Texts are different object when different lines are used
Remark
9.3
Multiline text
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
MTEXT
Specify first corner
Specify opposite corner
[Enter text]
Works as a kind of Word processor
Remark
9.4
Dimensions
Description
Icon
Command
Com. Line
DIMLINEAR
Specify first extension line origin or [select object]
Specify second extension line origin
Page 14 of 23
Remark
9.5
Table
Description
Icon
Command
Remark
TABLE
See the Insert table interface to create a table in AutoCAD.
A table can also be linked to data in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.
Page 15 of 23
10.
Object properties
Text
Circle
Property
Color
Linetype
Start X
Start Y
End X
End Y
Color
Contents
Style
Height
Rotation
Color
Linetype
Radius
Diameter
Description
Overwrite the color of the object
Set the type of line to be continues, dashed, dotted,
Set the start of the line on the X-axis
Set the start of the line on the Y-axis
Set the end of the line on the X-axis
Set the end of the line on the Y-axis
Overwrite the color of the object
Change the contents of the text
Choose the Font for the text
Set the height of the text
Set the angle of the text
Overwrite the color of the object
Set the type of line to be continues, dashed, dotted,
Set the radius of the circle
Set the diameter of the circle
Page 16 of 23
Page 17 of 23
11.
AutoCAD layers
Page 18 of 23
11.4 Layer 0
Layer 0 is a default layer that cant be deleted. It is best not to draw anything directly on this layer.
It is best to use this layer when creating blocks so that upon insertion into other layers the blocks will
assume the properties of the layer (color, linetype, etc.)
Page 19 of 23
12.
Blocks in AutoCAD
Name
Give the block you want to create a logical name.
Base point
Specify a point on your block where you want to set the grab point of your block. This can be
done by setting the X,Y and Z-axis or by specify On-screen.
Objects
By selecting the objects first before entering the block command you can skip this step. If
the objects arent selected yet you can do it by clicking Select objects.
Note: When you are creating a block it is best to create its objects on Layer 0 so that upon
insertion into other layers the blocks will assume the properties of the layer (color, linetype, etc.)
Page 20 of 23
You can create an attribute by using the command ATTDEF. An interface will open to define your
attribute. The interface Attribute Definition contains the following information:
Invisible
Specifies that attribute values are not displayed or printed when you insert the block. The
ATTDISP command overrides the Invisible mode.
Constant
Assigns attributes a fixed value for the attribute when you insert the block. This setting is
used for information that never changes.
Verify
Prompts you to verify that the attribute value is correct when you insert the block.
Preset
Sets the attribute to its default value without displaying a prompt when you insert the block.
The Preset option applies only when prompts for attribute values are set to be displayed at
the Command prompt (ATTDIA is set to 0).
Lock Position
Locks the location of the attribute within the block reference. When unlocked, the attribute
can be moved relative to the rest of the block using grip editing, and multiline attributes can
be resized.
Multiple Lines
Specifies that the attribute value can contain multiple lines of text, and lets you specify a
boundary width for the attribute.
Tag
Specifies the name with which to Identify the attribute. Enter the attribute tag using any
combination of characters except spaces. Lowercase letters are automatically changed to
uppercase.
Prompt
Specifies the prompt that will be displayed when you insert a block containing this attribute
definition.
Default
Specifies the default attribute value.
Insertion Point
Page 21 of 23
Specifies the location for the attribute. Enter coordinate values, or select Specify On-screen
and use your pointing device to specify the location of the attribute relative to other objects.
Specify On-Screen
Displays a Start Point prompt when the dialog box closes. Use the pointing device to specify
the location of the attribute relative to other objects.
Justification
Specifies the justification of the attribute text.
Text Style
Specifies a predefined text style for the attribute text. Currently loaded text styles are
displayed.
Text Height
Specifies the height of the attribute text. Enter a value, or choose Height to specify a height
with your pointing device. The height is measured from the origin to the location you
specify.
Rotation
Specifies the rotation angle of the attribute text. Enter a value, or choose Rotation to specify
a rotation angle with your pointing device. The rotation angle is measured from the origin to
the location you specify.
Page 22 of 23