Introduction

Water is one of the main resources for human being. Its coverage on
Earth up to 70% compared to land area. The importance of water is obvious
as we deals with water in every second of our routine activities and it has
been proved that all living things need water for life survival.
Water quality comes as a significant parameter in observing the
condition of water, to ensure that it is safe and good enough for
consumption. Nowadays, public already alert and noticed about the way of
conducts when dealing with water so that the aim of getting well maintained
water quality is achieved.
Some aspect related to water quality are physical, biological, chemical,
and content of the water. Thus scientists have been studying some scientific
approaches to calculate the water quality.
This lab session takes us into a real experience handling the tests for
determine the quality of water sample that we collected.

Objectives
Part A. : Determination of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatile Suspended
Solid (VSS), Fixed Suspended Solid (FSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total
Solid (TS) and Turbidity of the waste water.

To measure the total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, fixed

suspended solids, total dissolved solids, fixed dissolved solids and
turbidity.

Part B. : Measurement of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

To estimate the oxygen demand of organic matter when it is subjected

to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant in waste water and tap water
samples.

Part C : Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5)

To determine the amount of oxygen necessary for biological oxidation

of waste water.

Part D : Total Nitrogen (TN)

To determine the total nitrogen in water and waste water.

Part E : Total Phosphorus (TP)

To determine total phosphorus in water and waste water.

Part F : Zinc and Copper

To measure concentration of zinc in the w

To measure concentration of zinc in the waste water.

Procedure.
Part A : Determination of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatile Suspended
Solid (VSS), Fixed Suspended Solid (FSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total
Solid (TS) and Turbidity of the waste water.
1. : Measuring TSS, non-filtrate residue
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

Filter is weighted (A).

Weighted filter is placed in the filter holder.
Filtered holder is place in a 250ml filter flask and wetted to ensure
adhesion.
100ml of well mixed water is transferred to the filtering apparatus
while applying vacuum.
Filter is dried in the oven at 103oC for 60 minutes.
Filter is then cooled.
Filter is weighted (B).

2. : Measuring VSS and FSS

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

Aluminum dish is weighted (C).

Filter from B is transferred into a pre weighted aluminum dish.
Dish with filter is weighted (D).
Aluminum dish is placed in a furnace at 550oC for 30minutes.
Dish is taken out and cooled.
Dish is weighted (E).

3 : Measuring TDS, filtrate residue.

I.
II.
III.

The sample was filtered.

The residue inside the bottle was tested with TDS meter.
The measurement was recorded.

4 : Measuring turbidity.
I.
II.
III.

10ml of sample is taken.

Sample was put into a turbidity tester.
Value was recorded.

Part B : Measurement of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

1. Preparation of blank and sample. For blank, 0.2 ml deionize water and
reagent were added. For sample, 0.2 ml water sample and reagent were
added.
2. Both tube were then placed in the COD reactor for 2 hours.
3. Then test the sample for its absorbance.
4. The data was recorded.
Part C : Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
1. Prepare the sample dilution water using BOD nutrient buffer.
2. (Refer table) determine sample size to be taken. Perform dilution if
necessary.
3. Prepare blank-separate BOD bottle with dilution water only.
4. Stopper the bottle and invert several times to mix.
5. Determine initial BOD of the sample. Stopper the bottle again and add
enough water at the lip of the BOD bottle for water seal.
6. Place plastic overcap over the lip of each bottle, place those bottles in the
incubator for 5 days.
7. After 5 days, determine DO level in each bottle.
Part D: Total Nitrogen (TN)
1. Prepare the sample, 2 ml water sample plus pillow powder and regent. For
blank, substitute water sample with 2 ml deionize water.
2. Place sample and blank in COD reactor for 0 min at 105oC.
3. Add reagent A. After 3 minutes, add reagent B and wait for 2 minutes.
4. Take 2 ml of the mixture and out into reagent C. Wait for 5 minutes.
5. Then test for its absorbance.
Part E : Total Phosphorus (TP)
1. Prepare the sample by adding 5 ml water sample with pillow powder into
tube contains reagent. For blank, substitute the water sample with 5 ml
deionize water.
2. Then heat the sample and blank in COD reactor at 150oC for 30 minutes.
3. Add 2 ml NaOH and 0.5 ml molybdovanadate.
4. Test for its absorbance.

Part F : Zinc and Copper

1. Zinc
a. 1 ml water sample, 19 ml distilled water and zincover were mixed in a
measuring cylinder for sample preparation.
b. Shake the mixture. Divide the 20 ml into two with 10 ml each.
c. Add into one tube cyclohexane. Shake.
d. Test for its absorbance.
2. Copper
a. Add 1 ml sample with 19 ml distilled water into a measuring cylinder.
Shake well.
b. Divide into two with 10 ml volume each. Add cuver into sample tube.
Shake.
c. Test for the absorbance.