MC RMP Hotspots Kalimantan

MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES
Directorate General of Coastal and Small Islands

Jl. M.T. Haryono Kav, 52-53, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia. Fax.+62 (21) 79180456
MARINE & COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

Package B
SPATIAL DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

ADB Loan No. 1770-INO (SF)
PART A Hotspot Analysis Kalimantan &

Kabupaten Kotawaringan
Training Manual MCRMP-B Spatial Modeling Hotspots
Hotspots (10-Jan-99 to 21-Dec-03), elevation, national parks and Kabupaten Kotawaringan

Kalimantan
May 2005
BLACK & VEATCH (International) Ltd
In association with:
Nusantara Systems International
PT EXSA Internasional
PT Multi Tehniktama Prakarsa
MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Component B: Spatial Data and Information Management
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................... 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................... 3
PART A SPATIAL MODELING HOTSPOTS KALIMANTAN.................................................................. 3
1.
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 DATA ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1
Hotspots .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2
Forestry Concessions and National Parks ....................................................................................... 4
2.2.3
Land Systems .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3 SPATIAL MODELING .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.1
Density Mapping............................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.2
Overlay Analysis............................................................................................................................. 4
2.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................ 4
3.
RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 KALIMANTAN ............................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.1
Hotspot Density............................................................................................................................... 5
3.1.2
Tests for Independence.................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN .................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1
Hotspot Density............................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.2
Relation to Roads & Elevation...................................................................................................... 10
3.2.3
Roads & Elevation ........................................................................................................................ 13
4.
DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 14
ANNEX 1 LAND SYSTEMS........................................................................................................................... 15

ANNEX 2 FORESTRY CONCESSIONS ...................................................................................................... 18
ANNEX 3 NATIONAL PARKS ..................................................................................................................... 28
Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

PT Nusantara Systems Int., PT Exsa Int. and PT Multi Tehniktama Prakarsa
HotspotsKalimantan.doc
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MCRMP-B consultants were requested to visit Sampit to assist with computer networks and software
installation and commissioning and to contribute to a training workshop designed to socialize the use
of GIS for BAPPEDA and other invited staff.
Discussions with the PIMPRO indicated that forest and peat fires were a major environmental
problem in Kabupaten Kotawaringan. In response MCRMP-B consultants analyzed hotspot data
recorded from 1999 to end of 2003 in relation to spatial density and other factors such as distance from
road and land systems. The purpose of this study was to socialize and demonstrate the use of GIS as a
powerful tool for exploring, visualizing, modeling and analyzing spatial patterns in distribution and
abundance of a phenomenon (in this case hotspots) using a real-world example of a local
environmental problem that has high negative impacts both locally and on nearby neighbors Singapore
and Malaysia. The uncontrolled destruction of forests in Kalimantan has also generated high interest
internationally because of the rapidly diminishing areas of unique tropical rainforest there.
The results of this analysis are presented in two parts: the first describes the methodology used to
analyze the data and reports the results; the second outlines step-by-step the procedures used to do the
analysis.
It is important to stress that GIS analysis itself, although interesting, is not the end product which must
usually be a report that describes and synthesizes the results of the GIS application.
PART A SPATIAL MODELING HOTSPOTS KALIMANTAN

1.
INTRODUCTION
Deforestation in tropical areas is occurring at a rapid rate and there is growing awareness that
deforestation is a global concern as shown by the outcomes of the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED) held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Indonesia has vast areas of
natural tropical forest that represents 10% of the worlds total tropical forest area. Large areas are
under private concessions who use selective cutting and planting silviculture methods to log these
areas; maps from the Department of Forestry indicate that 126 companies have concession rights to
log 10,3682 km2 in Kalimantan alone with an additional 318 plantations covering 62,896 km2. More
recently, with ongoing implementation of plans to foster regional autonomy after the economic crisis
that hit Indonesia in 1998 and subsequent reformasi there has been debate specifically concerning an
increase in uncontrolled legal and illegal logging because district governments can now issue their
own small forest concessions and collect some revenue.
Clearing of land using fires is used in Kalimantan to improve access for logging and developing
plantations of oil palm. The smoke arising from burn offs causes respiratory problems not only on
local populations but on communities as far away as Malaysia and Singapore. Smoke creates a hazard
for air, land and river transportation because of reduced visibility.
The purpose of this study was to map and analyze in general the spatial patterns in distribution and
abundance of hotspots in Kalimantan and then to explore these patterns in more detail for Kabupaten
Kotawaringan. Understanding and describing these patterns in distribution and abundance are
important for proper and cost effective planning for health, education, monitoring and surveillance
programs.
2.
2.1
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area
The study area consisted of Kalimantan for the general analysis and Kabupaten Kotawaringan for
more detailed analysis (Figure 1).

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2.2
2.2.1
Data
Hotspots
Hotspot data was obtained from the University of Singapore who use NOAA data for mapping hotpots
in the region.
2.2.2
Forestry Concessions and National Parks
Forestry concessions and National Parks shape files were obtained from Dept. Forestry Jakarta.
2.2.3
Land Systems
Land Systems data was digitized off hardcopy maps of ReppRot circa 1970s.
2.3
2.3.1
Spatial Modeling
Density Mapping
Point Density calculates the density of point features around each output raster cell. Conceptually, a
neighborhood is defined around each raster cell center, and the number of points that fall within the
neighborhood is totaled and divided by the area of the neighborhood.
If a Population field setting other than NONE is used, items value determines the number of times to
count the point. Thus an item value of 3 would cause the point to be counted as 3 points. The values
can be integer or floating point. If an area unit is selected, the calculated density for the cell is
multiplied by the appropriate factor before it is written to the output raster. For example, if the input
ground units are meters, comparing a unit scale factor of meters to kilometers will result in the values
being different by a multiplier of 1,000,000 (1000 x 1000).
Possible uses include finding density of houses, wildlife observations, or crime reports. The population
field could be used to weigh some points more heavily than others, depending on their meaning, or to
allow one point to represent several observations. For example, one address might represent a
condominium with 6 units, or some crimes might be weighed more severely than others in determining
overall crime levels.
Increasing the radius will not change the calculated density values very much. Although more points
will fall inside the larger neighborhood, this number will be divided by a larger area when calculating
density. The main effect of a larger radius is that density is calculated considering a larger number of
points, which can be further from the raster cell. This results in a more generalized output raster.
Two point density maps were produced: the first was for all Kalimantan and the second was for
Kabupaten Kotawaringin. To prevent edge effects a 20 km buffer was created around the Kabupatan.
For this study simple density was used with radius 10 km and raster cell size of 100 m for Kalimantan
and Kabupaten Kotawaringin. The map was classified based on standard deviations into four
categories: 0 1; 1 2; 2 3 and 3 4 using standard deviations (std). The raster map was then
converted to polygons.
2.3.2
Overlay Analysis
Forestry concessions, national parks and land systems were overlain with the reclassified point density
map. Area estimates for all combinations were calculated and presented as percentages of the total.
2.4
Statistical Analysis
Each polygon for national parks, forestry concessions and land systems belonged to a category. Each
hotspot was spatially joined to the polygon it fell within and a sum was kept of the total number of
hotspots in each polygon.
The feature class was next exported to an Excel workbook where a Chi-squared test was used to test
for statistical independence. In this case the independence test was that hotspots were randomly
distributed.
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The function CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range) in Excel was used to test for spatial

independence for land systems, forestry concessions and national parks. CHITEST returns the value
from the chi-squared (c2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. You can
use c2 tests to determine whether hypothesized results are verified by an experiment.
The Actual_range is the range of data that contains observations to test against expected values.
Expected_range is the range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column
totals to the grand total.
Remarks
If actual_range and expected_range have a different number of data points, CHITEST returns the
#N/A error value.
The c2 test first calculates a c2 statistic using the formula:
where:
Aij = actual frequency in the i-th row, j-th column
Eij = expected frequency in the i-th row, j-th column
r = number or rows
c = number of columns
A low value of c2 is an indicator of independence. As can be seen from the formula, c2 is always
positive or 0, and is 0 only if Aij = Eij for every i,j.
CHITEST returns the probability that a value of the c2 statistic at least as high as the value
calculated by the above formula could have happened by chance under the assumption of
independence. In computing this probability, CHITEST uses the c2 distribution with an
appropriate number of degrees of freedom, df. If r > 1 and c > 1, then df = (r - 1)(c - 1). If r = 1
and c > 1, then df = c - 1 or if r > 1 and c = 1, then df = r - 1. r = c= 1 is not allowed and #N/A is
returned.
3.
RESULTS
3.1
3.1.1
Kalimantan
Hotspot Density
There was a total of 32,855 hotspots recorded in Kalimantan from 10-Jan-1999 to 21-Dec-2003
(Figure 1). Visual inspection and point density mapping indicated that most hotspots were located in
southern and north western Kalimantan (Figure 2 & 3).

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Figure 1. Elevation, National Parks and Hotspots of Kalimantan recorded from 1999 to end 2003. Blue
hatching: national parks. Red dots: hotspots; cyan: Kabupaten Kotawaringan

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Figure 2. Hotspot point density West Kalimantan. Green: 0 1; Orange: 1 2; and Red: 2 3 standard
deviations.

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High density of hotspots
Figure 3. Hotspot density shown as base heights overlaying land systems of Kalimantan.
3.1.2
Tests for Independence
Chi-squared tests were performed on hotspots grouped by land system description name, forestry
concessions and national parks. The chi-squared test was for:
(Observed Number of Hotspots Expected Number of Hotpots)2 / Expected Number of Hotpots
summed over the categories.
The tables used for the Chi-square test are given in Annexes 1, 2 & 3.
Land Systems
There was a significant departure (P < 0.00001) from random distribution of hotspots for Land
System. Examination of the table of observed and expected number of hotspots (Annex 1) indicated
that large departures were present for a number of Land System categories. In particular, those land
systems categories with peat or were flat / undulating low-lying coastal categories had higher than
expected abundance of hotspots whereas mountainous categories or categories with steep slopes had
lower than expected abundance of hotspots.
Forestry Concessions
The number of hotspots in Forestry Concessions also departed significantly from that expected from a
random distribution. There were lower than expected abundance of hotspots for the majority of
concession holders. However, there were a number of instances where the abundance of hotspots was
much larger than expected based on random distribution (Annex 2). Many of these higher than
expected number of hotspots were found in the Kotawaringan area of Kalimantan.

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National Parks
With few exceptions national parks had lower than expected hotspots (P < 0.0001) (Annex 3). In a
couple of cases the observed number of hotspots was higher than expected.
3.2
3.2.1
Kabupaten Kotawaringin
Hotspot Density
A total of 4,463 hotspots were recorded over the 1999 to 2003 time interval in Kabupaten
Kotawaringin; this represented more than a tenth (13.58%) of the total number of hotspots recorded in
Kalimantan for that time period (Figure 4). In contrast the area of Kabupaten Kotawaringin, 15,886
km2 was less than 3% (2.96%) of the total area, 536,865 km2, of Kalimantan.
The hotspots that fell within Kabupaten Kotawaringin were selected from the hotspots of Kalimantan
and point density calculated using a 5 km radius and 50 m raster cell size. The resulting map was
reclassified into 4 categories based on standard deviations (1 4 standard deviations). This more
detailed modeling indicated that anomalously high areas of hotpots occurred in all Kecematan within
Kabupaten Kotawaringin.
Figure 4. Hotspot point density mapping for Kabupaten Kotawaringin

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The density mapping resulted in well over half (56.73%) the hotspots being located in 15.84% of the
study area (Table 1). When the second standard deviation category was included then 83% of hotspots
were within one third (32.5%) the study area.
Table 1. Hotspots and density mapping
HOTSPOT
STDEV
HOTSPOTS
HOTSPOT
%TOTAL
AREA
SQ KM
AREA
%TOTAL
AREA
CUM%
HOTSPOT SQKM
43
0.96%
9,133.8
32.41%
32.41%
0.0047
719
16.11%
9,879.8
35.05%
67.46%
0.0728
1169
26.19%
4,706.6
16.70%
84.16%
0.2484
2532
56.73%
4,466.0
15.84%
100.00%
0.5670
4463
100.00%
28,186.1
100.00%
TOTAL
3.2.2
Relation to Roads & Elevation
Roads
There was a strong relationship between the number of hotspots and proximity to road (Figure 5 & 6).
Figure 5. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for road buffers.

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Figure 6. Number of hotspots with distance from nearest road
Two thirds (63.61%) of the hotspots were located within 10 km of the nearest road which was half the
total study area (49.8%) (Table 2). In contrast one percent (0.69%) were located more than 40 km
away from the nearest road.
Table 2. Breakdown of number of hotspots with distance from road
NO.
HOTSPOTS
HOTSPOT
%TOTAL
HOTSPOT
CUM%
HOTSPOTS
SQ KM
AREA
SQ KM
AREA
%TOTAL
AREA
CUM%
5,000
1567
35.11%
35.11%
0.1828
8,571
30.41%
30.41%
10,000
1272
28.50%
63.61%
0.2327
5,465
19.39%
49.80%
15,000
848
19.00%
82.61%
0.2055
4,127
14.64%
64.44%
20,000
483
10.82%
93.43%
0.1487
3,249
11.53%
75.97%
30,000
262
5.87%
99.31%
0.0606
4,320
15.33%
91.29%
40,000
29
0.65%
99.96%
0.0142
2,045
7.26%
98.55%
50,000
0.04%
100.00%
0.0049
409
1.45%
100.00%
4463
100.00%
28,186
100.00%
DISTANCE (M)
TOTAL
Elevation
There was a strong relationship between the number of hotspots and elevation (Figure 7 & 8).
11
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Figure 7. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for elevation categories
Figure 8. Hotspot density (No./sq km) for elevation categories

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The density of hotspots (0.2309) was highest for elevations between 25 and 50 m and over half the
hotspots (52.33%) occurred in this elevation range (Table 3). The hotspot density decreased rapidly
after this such that elevations greater than 100 m had less than 2% of the hotspots.
Table 3. Breakdown of number of hotspots with elevation
NO.
HOTSPOTS
HOTSPOT
%TOTAL
HOTSPOT
CUM%
HOTSPOT
PER SQ
KM
AREA SQ
KM
AREA
%TOTAL
AREA
CUM%
25
2335
52.33%
52.33%
0.2243
10,409
36.93%
36.93%
50
1669
37.40%
89.74%
0.2309
7,228
25.64%
62.58%
100
388
8.70%
98.43%
0.0801
4,846
17.19%
79.77%
150
59
1.32%
99.75%
0.0195
3,020
10.71%
90.49%
225
0.20%
99.96%
0.0060
1,493
5.30%
95.78%
325
0.02%
99.98%
0.0017
590
2.09%
97.88%
450
0.02%
100.00%
0.0029
342
1.21%
99.09%
600
0.00%
100.00%
0.0000
184
0.65%
99.74%
1050
0.00%
100.00%
0.0000
72
0.26%
100.00%
4462
100.00%
28,185
100.00%
ELEV. (M)
TOTAL
3.2.3
Roads & Elevation
Two-thirds (60%) of the roads mapped in the study area occurred at elevations less than 25 m (Table
4).
Table 4. Roads breakdown by elevation
ELEVATION
(M)
KM
%TOTAL
CUM %
0-25
854.4
59.55%
59.55%
25-50
363.3
25.32%
84.87%
50-100
134.1
9.34%
94.22%
100-150
49.8
3.47%
97.69%
150-225
26.6
1.86%
99.55%
225-325
5.9
0.41%
99.96%
325-450
0.6
0.04%
100.00%
1,434.7
100.00%
TOTAL

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4.
DISCUSSION
Simple GIS analysis of patterns in distribution and abundance of hotspots in Kalimantan from 1999 to
2003 was useful for exploring relationships between hotspots and proximity to roads, elevation, land
systems, forestry concessions and national parks.
Overlay visualization of hotspots, national parks and elevation clearly showed that few hotspots were
located in mountainous areas where most of the area of national parks occurred.
The relationship between forestry concessions and hotspots was not simple but must be analyzed on a
concession-by-concession and location-by-location basis since some forestry concession areas had
higher than expected hotspots and many other had lower than expected hotspots.
All comparisons and conclusions, however, must be tempered with the fact that the number of
hotspots in Kalimantan is unnaturally high. Further research is required to estimate what the
background natural density of hotspots should be for Kalimantan; fires caused mainly by lightning or
accident.
At a more detailed level of analysis for Kabupaten Kotawaringan hotspot density was highest in the
buffer area 5 10 km away from roads and not immediately adjacent roads in the 0 5 km buffer
zone. Why this is so remains unclear, however, it is highly likely that not all roads were digitized since
most of the roads in the study area were digitized using Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery with 30 m
pixels. Roads may have been missed because they were not visible in the imagery or clouds obscured
the roads. Alternately clearing using burning may be occurring away from roads because areas
adjacent roads have already been cleared and small access roads were not visible in the imagery.
Regardless, the relationship between hotspots and proximity to roads remains unresolved and requires
further research.
The vast majority of hotspots (98%) occurred in low areas less than 100 m elevation. This correlates
strongly with the length of road in these areas with 94% of roads situated less than 100 m.
The high correlation of hot spots with proximity to roads underlines the importance roads and hence
access by humans plays in explaining the patterns of distribution and abundance of hotspots in
Kabupaten Kotawaringan.
Density mapping resulted in well over half (56.73%) the hotspots being located in 15.84% of the study
area. When the second standard deviation category was included then 83% of hotspots were within
one third (32.5%) the study area. This information can be used to tailor health, education, surveillance
and monitoring programs to target areas worst affected and with highest hotspots.
5.
REFERENCES
Silverman, B.W. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall,
1986.

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ANNEX 1 LAND SYSTEMS

Table 5. Land System categories, number of hotspots, area (km2), hotspots km2 and expected number of
hotspots under an assumption of independence. Categories with high departures of observed from
expected are shown in italics.
NO.
HOTSPOTS
EXPECTED
NO.
HOTSPOTS
AREA SQ
KM
HOTSPOTS
PER SQ
KM
1,305
775
12,595.92
0.103605
Asymmetric, non-orientated sedimentary hills
734
1,991
32,376.66
0.022671
Back Swamps
22
19
316.27
0.069561
Back Swamps of inland floodplain
10
167.25
0.005979
Coalescent estuarine/riverine plains
516
665
10,805.98
0.047751
Coalescent inland riverine plains
132
194
3,148.77
0.041921
Coastal beach ridges
109
34
553.66
0.196872
Coastal beach ridges and swales
24
46
741.89
0.032350
Deeper peat swamps, commonly domed
368
659
10,718.51
0.034333
Dissected dip slopes of cuestas
143
2,324.98
0.002581
Dissected volcanic cones with radial drainage pattern
10
102
1,664.51
0.006008
Dissected volcano
145.70
0.000000
Eroded mountainous strato-volcanoes with radial drainage
394
6,413.01
0.000000
Extremely steep-sides, finger-like volcanic plug
27
31
502.95
0.053683
Flat sandy terraces covered by deeper peat
95
215
3,493.74
0.027191
Flat sandy terraces covered by shallow peat
75
22
365.02
0.205467
High sandstones plateau
70.90
0.000000
High undulating riverine terraces
46
24
391.68
0.117442
Hillocky acid igneous/metamorphic plains
265
341
5,538.25
0.047849
Hillocky basaltic plains
72
1,167.84
0.000000
Hillocky karstic plains
102
1,659.86
0.002410
2,380
2,702
43,926.30
0.054182
Hillocky plains with cuesta-shaped ridges
25
110
1,788.28
0.013980
Hillocky plains with steep parallel ridges
20
152
2,473.89
0.008084
2,427
2,903
47,207.11
0.051412
Hillocky sedimentary plains with steep parallel ridges
51.01
0.019605
Hillocky ultrabasic plains
92.62
0.000000
Hills with moderately steep dip and steep scarp slopes
21
162
2,642.14
0.007948
LAND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Alluvial floodplains between swamps
Hillocky plain
Hillocky sedimentary plains

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Inter-tidal mudflats under mangrove and nipah
253
648
10,539.71
0.024004
Linear, sedimentary ridge systems with steep dip slopes
72
203
3,303.81
0.021793
Long, narrow-crested, steep-sided sedimentary ridges
28
87
1,413.43
0.019810
Marine Terraces
94
164
2,674.13
0.035152
Meander belt or large river with broad levees
79
128
2,086.33
0.037866
Meander belts within very wide river floodplains
89
160
2,599.52
0.034237
Minor valley floors
48
55
886.58
0.054141
Minor valley floors within hills
89
131
2,138.14
0.041625
Moderately dissected lava flows
65
180
2,933.96
0.022154
Moderately steep hills
274
639
10,390.44
0.026370
Mountainous cuestas and circular basin
500
8,122.31
0.000000
Mountainous ridges
16
47
758.79
0.021086
Mountainous sandstone cuestas with dissected dip slopes
28
293
4,768.52
0.005872
Mountains
86
2,188
35,582.02
0.002417
No Data
63
1,027.25
0.001947
Non-orientated, non-sedimentary hills
363
830
13,497.57
0.026894
Non-orientated, sedimentary mountains
162
2,926
47,580.71
0.003405
Orientated, granite mountain ridge systems
91
286
4,650.61
0.019567
Peat basin margins
2,338
517
8,400.09
0.278330
Peat basins or domes
3,621
822
13,361.40
0.271005
Peat-covered sandy terraces
1,397
545
8,856.65
0.157735
Peat-filled valleys within terraces
933
152
2,476.66
0.376718
Permanently waterlogged floodplains
206
198
3,223.67
0.063902
Permanently waterlogged plains
163
61
984.28
0.165604
Rolling plain and sandy remnant
274
59
953.98
0.287218
Rolling plain and sandy remnants
3,173
987
16,052.64
0.197662
Rolling volcanic plains
22
54
871.05
0.025257
Rugged karst ridges and mountains
70
216
3,517.27
0.019902
Sandstone cuestas with relatively gentle dip slopes
21
345.32
0.005792
1,070
622
10,119.91
0.105732
Steep hills
82
501
8,151.49
0.010060
Steep hills and sub parallel ridges
31
15
246.25
0.125888
Steep karstic blocks and ridges
74.60
0.000000
Steep narrow ridges
31
121
1,970.79
0.015730
Shallower peat swamps

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Steep volcanic plugs
96.70
0.000000
Sub parallel, metamorphic ridge systems
135.70
0.066323
Swampy floodplains mainly within terraces
122
61
990.06
0.123225
Swampy floodplains of narrow valleys
77
71
1,149.64
0.066977
Terrace remnant
127.38
0.007851
Tidal (mangrove and nipah)
53
61
984.68
0.053825
Ultrabasic hills
13
13
205.46
0.063272
Ultrabasic/basic mountains
31
112
1,822.91
0.017006
Undulating karst plains
12
24
387.99
0.030929
Undulating karstic plains with hums
188
232
3,777.31
0.049771
Undulating plains (PO2) with several wide valleys
963
524
8,518.17
0.113052
Undulating plains with several wide valleys
227
204
3,322.71
0.068318
1,752
695
11,297.81
0.155074
112
162
2,629.03
0.042601
4,043
2,673
43,469.70
0.093007
Water
29
57
923.86
0.031390
Waterlogged sandy terraces
914
273
4,433.35
0.206165
Waterlogged sandy terraces
354
150
2,437.24
0.145247
Weakly orientated, metamorphic mountain ridge systems
43
143
2,323.89
0.018503
Weakly orientated, non sedimentary mountain ridge systems
44
1,058
17,203.14
0.002558
Wide valley floors containing hillock, within hills
26.65
0.000000
32,852
32,852
534,167.95
Undulating sandy terraces

Undulating to rolling non-sedimentary plain
Undulating to rolling sedimentary plain
TOTAL

17
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

ANNEX 2 FORESTRY CONCESSIONS

Table 6. Forestry concession name, number of hotspots, area sq km, Hotspots per sq km, and expected
number of hotspots under spatial independence.
NO.
HOTSPOTS
EXPECTED
HOTSPOTS
AREA
SQ
KM
HOTSPOTS
PER SQ
KM
PT. ARIA JAYA RAYA
1.6
26
0.038091
PT. DAHIAN TIMBER
41.1
668
0.001497
PT. GUNUNG MERANTI
55.3
899
0.001112
PT. INOCIN ARIA BIMA SARI
103.2
1,678
0.000596
PT. KARDA TRADEST LTD
58.5
951
0.001052
PT. KAYU ARA JAYA TBR
83.4
1,356
0.000738
PT. KUSUMA PERKASA

TIMBER
45.5
741
0.00135
PT. MARUWEI TIMBER
46.8
761
0.001314
PT. NARA KALIMANTAN
44.1
717
0.001394
PT. SARANG SAPTA PUTRA
67.9
1,105
0.000905
PT. SINAR BARITO INDAH PLY
10.0
163
0.006144
PT. SIPO JAYA TBR
37.0
601
0.001664
PT. SUMBER JAYA UTAMA

BARU
8.9
144
0.006945
PT. TUNGGAL PAMENANG
5.5
89
0.011264
PT.BIRAWA TIMBER CO. LTD.
19.6
318
0.003143
PT.DAISY TIMBER
35.5
577
0.001733
PT.DAYAK BESAR
4.7
76
0.013121
PT.KARYA PARAKAWAN
24.6
400
0.002501
PT.KEMAKMURAN
82.8
1,346
0.000743
PT.LESTARI GREEN LAND
43.9
713
0.001402
PT.PUJI SAMPURNA RAHARJA
30.6
497
0.002012
PT.RODA MAS
31.6
515
0.001944
PT.SUMALINDO HUTANI JAYA
7.2
117
0.008518
PT.TANJUNG REDEP HUTANI
58.1
944
0.001059
PT. KARUNIA WANA IKA
29.9
485
0.004121
PT. KAYU TRIBUANA
74.1
1,204
0.001661
PT. MANIMBUN JAYA
65.8
1,070
0.001869
PT. PONTI JAYA I
5.8
94
0.021247
FORESTRY CONCESSION

18
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT. SINAR BARITO INDAH
8.1
131
0.01526
PT. TIMBER DANA
5.9
96
0.020857
PT.BDBJR
8.4
137
0.014651
PT.INHUTANI I/PT.POROSIDA
TRADING
68.0
1,105
0.00181
PT.INHUTANI II Ex. PT.TANAH

GROGOT
45.6
741
0.002699
PT.KALIMEX
6.2
100
0.019956
PT.KARTIKA KAPUAS SARI
31.1
506
0.003953
PT.METRO DAYA BUANA
47.8
777
0.002573
PT.PAKAR MULA BHAKTI
26.6
433
0.004617
PT.SYLVIA ERY TIMBER
34.2
556
0.003599
PT. BUMI RAYA UTAMA WOOD

INDUSTRIES
103.8
1,687
0.001778
PT. DACRYDIUM II
43.9
714
0.004201
PT. HALISA
45.5
740
0.004051
PT. LANJAK DERAS
37.6
611
0.004907
PT. SBIP
34.4
559
0.005365
PT. SIKATAN WANA RAYA
32.4
527
0.005688
PT.BALTIMUR TIMBER
46.2
751
0.003993
PT.BERAU TIMUR
14.5
235
0.012749
PT.BINA LESTARI
51.8
843
0.00356
PT.ESSAM TIMBER
225.2
3,661
0.000819
PT.GELORA DAYAK BESAR
40.5
659
0.004553
PT.GIRI EKA WANA
64.2
1,044
0.002874
PT.INDONESIA MERANTI
TIMBER
22.5
365
0.008209
PT.LIMBANG PRAJA COMPANY

LTD
33.3
541
0.005543
PT.OCEANIAS TIMBER
PRODUCT
128.2
2,084
0.001439
Ex. PT.ALAS KUSUMA
24.8
403
0.009927
PT. ANEKA MIRI
17.3
281
0.014249
PT. ANTANG KALIMANTAN
29.0
472
0.008473
PT. BUMI INDAH JAYA
5.9
95
0.042
PT. ERNA DJULIAWATI
101.4
1,649
0.002426
130.8
2,126
0.001881
PT.DUTA RENDRA MULYA

19
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

SEJAHTERA
PT.PANTAI HARAPAN
10.5
170
0.023517
PT.SUMALINDO LESTARI JAYA

II
173.7
2,824
0.001417
HUTAN NEGARA
16.8
273
0.018338
PT. DAYA SAKTI TIMBER CORP
7.9
128
0.038981
PT.BENGEN TIMBER
41.4
674
0.00742
PT.DAYAK BESAR AGUNG

CORP
118.9
1,933
0.002587
PT.DAYAK BESAR VINCENT
81.1
1,319
0.003792
PT.EDI MULYA
46.0
747
0.00669
PT.GUNUNG PUTIH INDAH
11.2
181
0.027549
PT.INHUTANI II
37.8
615
0.008132
PT.LESTARI JAYA UTAMA
19.0
308
0.01622
PT.MERANTI SAKTI SAKTI

INDONESIA
18.8
306
0.016328
PT. BERKAT CAHAYA
107.9
1,754
0.003421
PT. KARTIKA BORNEO
6.9
113
0.0533
PT. KAYU MAS RATU
61.3
997
0.006018
PT. SIPO JAYA
8.2
133
0.045233
PT.RANGGA KUSUMA
20.8
339
0.017708
PT.SEGARA INDOCHEM
18.1
294
0.020399
PT. BARITO PACIFIC LUMBER
44.5
723
0.009678
PT. BERKAT CAHAYA TIMBER
21.7
353
0.019818
PT. CARUSINDO
36.8
599
0.011686
PT. HUTAN DOMAS RAYA
148.2
2,410
0.002904
PT. KURNIA KAPUAS
23.2
377
0.018558
PT. WANA SAWIT
4.3
70
0.100674
PT.INHUTANI
14.4
235
0.029799
PT.DJAYANTI DJAYA
24.2
393
0.020342
PT. INKA RAYA
11.4
185
0.048766
PT. TANJUNG RAYA
50.2
817
0.01102
PT. TRIKAKA
60.5
983
0.009152
PT.HANURATA
194.3
3,159
0.002849
PT.KIANI HUTANI LESTARI (Ex.

PT.GEORGIA PACIFIC IND.)
45.6
742
0.012125

20
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT.TUNGGAL YUDI TIMBER

UNIT I
20.5
333
0.027062
PT. DWIMA JAYA UTAMA
10
97.7
1,588
0.006297
PT. HARJOHN TIMBER
10
53.9
877
0.011404
PT. PELITA RIMBA ALAM
10
32.7
532
0.018788
PT. PONTI JAYA II
10
10.6
172
0.05822
PT. TALAWANG
10
13.0
212
0.04713
PT. WIRA SARAYA UTAMA
10
14.2
231
0.043217
PT.MSK TIMBER
10
14.8
241
0.041531
PT.RATAH TIMBER
10
95.4
1,551
0.006449
PT. ALAM INDAH RAYA
11
66.6
1,084
0.010152
PT. BULIND TRADING

COMPANY
11
39.6
644
0.017086
PT. JAYANTI JAYA
11
162.7
2,646
0.004157
PT. SUMBER BARU JAYA

UTAMA
11
21.3
347
0.031746
PT. TIGA BADANG SANAK III
11
9.5
154
0.071419
PT.INHUTANI I (Ex. PT.SANI

MULYA ABADI)
11
13.6
221
0.049761
PT.WEYER HAUSER
11
16.6
270
0.040701
PT. CAKRA ALAM
12
45.0
731
0.016415
PT. KAWEDAR MUKTI
12
58.7
954
0.012579
PT. KLI
12
21.0
341
0.035148
PT. PONTI JAYA III
12
3.3
54
0.221503
PT. SAJ
12
9.1
149
0.080705
PT. BUMI INDAH RAYA
13
51.2
833
0.015608
PT. GOOD TMBER CORP
13
38.3
623
0.020868
PT.KARYAYASA KENCANA
13
25.3
411
0.031637
PT. AYA TIMBER
14
37.6
612
0.022894
PT.GUNUNG RAYA UTAMA

TIMBER INDUSTRIES
14
35.4
575
0.024355
PT. FIRST RACHMAT
15
45.2
735
0.020398
PT. KAYU WAJA
15
49.0
796
0.018838
PT.INHUTANI Ex. PT.INNE

DONG HWA DEVELEPMENT
CO. LTD.
15
77.3
1,258
0.011927
PT. BENUA INDAH
16
85.7
1,393
0.011484

21
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT. PAPA GUNA
16
50.7
825
0.019396
PT. PURUK CAHU JAYA
16
173.8
2,825
0.005663
PT.SUMBER MAS TIMBER I
16
33.0
536
0.029854
PT.ALAS HELAU
17
207.5
3,374
0.005039
PT.PERSADA BUMI HIJAU
17
91.4
1,487
0.011436
PIR.PERKEBUNAN
18
2.9
47
0.382022
PT. HASAL AGUNG LUMBER
18
23.8
387
0.046572
PT. KALIMANTAN SARI
18
40.3
656
0.027451
PT. TRI IKA SARI
18
49.3
802
0.022441
PT.KAYAN RIVER TIMBER
19
175.1
2,847
0.006675
PT. PUNCAK SAWMILL
20
61.6
1,002
0.019968
PT. RAJA RIMBA
20
58.7
955
0.020943
PT.KAYU MAHAKAM
21
27.6
448
0.046837
EX PT. KRIDA PERKASA
22
6.0
98
0.224213
PT. HUTAN MULYA
22
56.1
913
0.024102
PT. MARISON II
22
12.6
205
0.107152
PT. SARITAMA INDAH RAYA
22
28.5
463
0.047516
PT. SUMPOL TIMBER
22
42.1
685
0.032116
PT. YOHANES ARNOLD P
22
42.6
693
0.031762
PT. FAJAR KAHAYAN
23
46.4
755
0.030453
PT. PALANGKA NUSANTARA
23
60.3
981
0.02345
PT.ALAS KUSUMA
23
26.7
434
0.053004
PT.KIANI LESTARI (Ex.

PT.GEORGIA PASIPFIC IND.)
24
188.6
3,066
0.007827
PT. GIAT
25
90.9
1,478
0.016919
PT. RIMBA RAMIN PONTIANAK
25
63.3
1,029
0.024294
PT.BALIKPAPAN FORREST
INDUSTRIES
25
141.1
2,294
0.010898
PT.ROSMATIKA UNIT I
25
33.9
551
0.045405
BUKIT RAYA (HSA-W)
26
262.7
4,272
0.006086
PT. ADO JAYA
26
64.8
1,054
0.024677
PT. HENDRATNA PLYWOOD
26
15.7
255
0.101984
PT. YAYANG INDONESIA
26
26.7
435
0.059816
PT.TELAGA MAS
KALIMANTAN COMPANY
26
61.4
998
0.02606
TN KUTAI
26
134.4
2,185
0.0119

22
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT.INHUTANI I (Ex.
PT.SANGKULIRANG)
27
61.7
1,003
0.026908
PT.LIMBANG GANECA
27
105.9
1,721
0.015684
PT. BRATAJAYA UTAMA
28
30.2
491
0.056982
PT. MELANT
28
38.0
618
0.045283
PT. SUKA JAYA MAKMUR
28
183.2
2,979
0.009401
PERK.PT. SAPTA KARYA

DAMAI
29
6.5
105
0.275759
PT. BATARUNG
29
38.3
622
0.046611
PT. EMIL TIMBER
29
27.7
450
0.064486
PT SUKA JAYA MAKMUR
30
14.1
229
0.131265
PT. BRAJATAMA
30
51.4
836
0.035903
PT. INYUNITAS
30
72.0
1,170
0.025638
PT.TRIWIRA ASTRA BHARATA
30
40.3
655
0.04583
PT. DAYAK BESAR TIMBER

COY
31
102.9
1,673
0.018533
PT. GELORA AGUNG
31
29.2
475
0.065236
PT. INHUTANI
31
37.6
612
0.050673
PT. SEBANGAU BESAR
32
42.7
695
0.04604
PT.RIMBA AGUNG
32
10.3
167
0.191111
PT. FIRST LAMANDAU TIMBER

INT
34
81.1
1,319
0.025779
PT. DAYA SAKTI TMB
35
27.2
442
0.079134
PT. LAMANDAU UTAMA JAYA
35
85.9
1,397
0.025051
PT.IHM
36
139.2
2,263
0.015905
PT. BATARUNG INH III
37
43.7
711
0.052023
PT. ERNA JULIAWATI
37
67.8
1,102
0.033585
PT. ANURAGA
38
28.1
456
0.083315
HL
39
1,671.0
27,170
0.001435
PT. WANAWATI UTAMA
39
112.5
1,830
0.021312
PT. KAYU LAPIS INDONESIA
40
80.9
1,315
0.030407
PT. SEHATI RUNGAN
41
25.4
413
0.099192
PT. KAYU PAPA ENTI
42
43.9
713
0.058901
PT. KAYU BATANG KARANG
44
15.2
248
0.177752
PT. RIMBAYU BARITO
44
69.9
1,136
0.038735
PT. ANTANG PERMATA

TIMBER
45
32.2
524
0.085869

23
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT. BINA PRAJA INDAH
45
16.6
269
0.167011
PT. PUSAKA JAYA AGUNG
45
24.8
404
0.111459
PT. SARI BUMI KUSUMA
45
174.1
2,831
0.015894
PT.NATA MARGA BUANA
45
22.3
362
0.1242
PT.GOMPU INDONESIA
48
68.9
1,120
0.042857
PT. SINDO LUMBER
50
69.4
1,128
0.044338
PT.TIMBER DANA
50
96.7
1,572
0.031808
PT. ALAM UNDA
51
35.2
572
0.08912
PT. DAYA SAKTI
52
14.1
229
0.227392
PT. DAYA SAKTI TMB CORP
52
9.8
159
0.327485
PT.KAYUMAS TIMBER
53
128.2
2,085
0.025421
PT. SATYA JAYA RAYA
54
39.5
642
0.08405
PT. PULAU MAYA
55
25.3
412
0.133537
PT.JATITRIN CO. LTD.
55
14.3
233
0.236459
PT. KALANG MURNI
57
61.0
992
0.057459
PT.SENTOSA KALIMANTAN
JAYA
57
20.0
325
0.175256
PT. KAPUAS SAKTI UTAMA
58
32.6
530
0.109495
Ex. PT.HAYAM WURUK
64
79.4
1,291
0.049592
PT. TIGA BADANG SANAK
64
50.8
827
0.077406
PT.INH III(EX.PT.KATINGAN
TMB)
71
83.7
1,361
0.052165
PT. SUNGAI SEBELONGAN

JAYA
74
48.9
795
0.093124
Ex. PT.SYLVA DUTA CORP
75
31.4
510
0.146975
PT. SETIA ALAM JAYA
75
24.0
390
0.192176
PT. MARSELA WANA

SEKAWAN
76
38.1
620
0.122572
PT. AUSTRAL BINA
81
156.8
2,549
0.031772
PT.INHUTANI II Ex. PT.SUMBER

RAYON RAYA
81
79.1
1,286
0.062984
PT. SUKA BUDI MULYA
85
30.7
499
0.170306
PT. DUAJA CORP
86
112.5
1,830
0.046996
PT.DHARMA SATYA
NUSANTARA
87
127.7
2,077
0.041897
PT.MERATUS KALIMANTAN
TIMBER
87
58.2
947
0.091866

24
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT. MEDANG KARANG
88
71.4
1,161
0.075765
PT. KOREA DEVELOPMENT CO

LTD
92
171.5
2,788
0.033001
PT. BPL
93
27.0
439
0.211621
PT. KURNAIN
93
26.3
427
0.217626
PT.NEW TIMBER RAYA CORP
96
42.7
694
0.138419
PT. PERSADA KAWI

INDUSTRIAL & TRAD.
101
66.9
1,089
0.092782
PT. MENTAYA KALANG
102
41.9
682
0.14957
PT.MARIMUN TIMBER
102
26.6
433
0.235826
PT. BATASAN
106
83.7
1,361
0.077863
PT. DELAPAN DELAPAN
107
148.5
2,415
0.044306
HSA-W
109
126.9
2,064
0.052809
PT. GEMPITA KALTENG
113
34.6
563
0.200754
PT. TANJUNG PURA SAKTI
113
90.6
1,473
0.076698
PT. HUTAN KINTAP
114
86.6
1,408
0.080971
PT. PAMUKAN JAYA
114
80.2
1,304
0.087452
PT. BINTANG ARUT
116
51.6
838
0.138352
PT. TAWANG MERANTI
119
70.4
1,144
0.104013
PT.ITCI
123
286.4
4,657
0.026412
PT. MARAGA DAYA WOOD

WORKS
126
107.0
1,740
0.072405
PT. YUSMIN TRADING
134
53.9
876
0.152972
PT. RIMBA KARYA

KALIMANTAN
135
75.3
1,225
0.110224
PT.HARIATI TIMBER INDS.
135
127.6
2,074
0.065092
PT.INHUTANI I
138
1,044.7
16,986
0.008124
PT. MARISON I
149
47.1
766
0.194544
PT. PAMINGGIR
151
65.7
1,069
0.141294
PT. GUNTUR GEMPITA
152
44.1
717
0.21199
PT. TALAWANG INHUTANI III
154
42.2
686
0.224452
PT. SARMIENTO PARAKANCA

TMB
156
210.6
3,425
0.045546
PT.JAMAKER
170
118.2
1,922
0.088449
PT. HARAPAN KITA UTAMA
185
121.4
1,974
0.093737
PT. GELORA DAYAK BESAR
187
225.3
3,663
0.05105
PT. ANDALAN RAYA
189
48.0
780
0.242164

25
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT. BINA SAMAKTHA
190
109.8
1,785
0.106468
PT. KATUNEN
194
45.0
732
0.264981
PT. MENGKATIP
197
29.4
478
0.411741
PT. DAYA BUDHI DHARMA
198
44.4
722
0.274121
PT. BINA DAYA TETRA
210
125.5
2,040
0.102933
PT. KAYU PESAGUHAN
222
86.2
1,402
0.158323
PT. BARITO BARU UTAMA
236
89.2
1,450
0.162771
PT. HUTAN RAYA UTAMA
237
58.2
946
0.250495
PT. PERKASA WANA
243
79.2
1,288
0.188638
PT. ARIA JAYA
249
57.2
929
0.267887
PT.INH III(EX.KAYU KLABAN

TMB)
266
55.1
895
0.297163
PT. NUSANTARA PLYWOOD
267
123.5
2,008
0.13299
PT. TUNAS INDO TIMBER
274
61.6
1,001
0.273725
PT. ANGKASA WANA
315
58.1
944
0.333689
PT. INHUTANI II
369
294.5
4,789
0.077049
PT. SINJAL DJAYA LTD
412
51.5
838
0.491832
PT. SUMBER ALAM MURNI
413
43.5
707
0.584005
PT. SEHATI BARITO
421
100.3
1,631
0.258161
PT. SIMAANGGANGHAYU
440
128.4
2,087
0.210813
PT. DJAYANTI
456
119.5
1,943
0.234728
PT. INDO KAYU
509
115.4
1,876
0.271261
PT. GAJAH SENO SAKTI
515
93.7
1,523
0.33806
PT. INHUTANI III
546
460.4
7,487
0.07293
PT. DAYA SAKTI TIMBER
560
190.9
3,103
0.18045
PT. BALAMBIT
570
66.7
1,084
0.525629
PT. SALAWATI MAKMUR
605
219.3
3,566
0.169677
PT. LAMJAYA UTAMA
755
70.7
1,150
0.65642
TN. TANJUNG PUTING
775
179.0
2,911
0.266248
PT.INH III EX.KARANG S.M
802
245.3
3,989
0.201055
PT. SINAR WEST KALIMANTAN
891
136.7
2,222
0.40092
PT. KAHAYAN LUMBER
1,303
115.0
1,870
0.696966
PT. INHUTAN III
2,036
525.8
8,549
0.238155
PT.SUMBER SEJAHTERA
3.3
54
PT.SURAPATI PERKASA CORP
76.8
1,249

26
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

PT.SUWARAN JAYA KUSUMA
21.6
352
PT.TABALAR WOOD
INDUSTRIES
40.8
663
PT.TUNGGAL YUDI TIMBER
11.3
184
PT.TUNGGAL YUDI TIMBER SP

UNIT III
35.0
570
PT.TUNGGAL YUSI TIMBER
5.6
92
PT.TWI
1.0
16
PT.WANA RIMBA KENCANA
45.7
743
No forestry concession
8,762
9,581.1
155,787
Forestry Concessions Combined
24,090
23,270.9
378,381
32,852
32,852.0
534,168
TOTAL

27
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

ANNEX 3 NATIONAL PARKS

Table 7. National Parks, number of hotspots, area sq km, Hotspots per sq km, and expected number of
hotspots under spatial independence.
NO.
HOTSPOTS
AREA
SQKM
HOTSPOTS
PER SQKM
EXPECTED
HOTSPOTS
125
2,370.38
0.05273
145.8
Apo Kayan NR/BR
948.02
0.00211
58.3
Batu Kristal
37.29
0.00000
2.3
Bentuang Karimun
7,858.62
0.00025
483.3
Bukit Baka
535.05
0.00000
32.9
Bukit Batikap I,II & III
8,434.46
0.00012
518.7
Bukit Batutenobang
4,643.16
0.00065
285.6
Bukit Perai
23
1,825.68
0.01260
112.3
Bukit Raya
1,325.45
0.00000
81.5
Bukit Raya (Perluasan)
17
3,290.94
0.00517
202.4
Bukit Rongga
13
1,376.58
0.00944
84.7
Bukit Soeharto
55
835.92
0.06580
51.4
Bukit Tangkiling
50.59
0.00000
3.1
Danau Sentarum
19
897.86
0.02116
55.2
Gunung Berau
1,591.07
0.00063
97.9
Gunung Lumut
501.56
0.00000
30.8
Gunung Niut/Gunung Becapa
1,407.18
0.00640
86.5
Gunung Palung
14
1,073.60
0.01304
66.0
Gunung Raya Pasi
52.80
0.00000
3.2
Gunung Sebatung NR (Pulau Laut)
18.28
0.00000
1.1
Gunung Tunggal
52
637.88
0.08152
39.2
Hutan Kapur Sangkulirang
2,149.37
0.00140
132.2
Kaya Kuku NR (Kalimantan)
69.69
0.08609
4.3
Kayan Mentarang
1,316.91
0.00000
81.0
Kelompok Hutan Kahayan
409
1,391.21
0.29399
85.6
Kelompok Hutan Sambas
395.84
0.00000
24.3
Kelumpang Baai
245.61
0.01629
15.1
Kep Karimata
903.11
0.00000
55.5
NATIONAL PARK
Apar Besar

28
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

Kuala Kayan
613.50
0.00326
37.7
Kutai
13
2,247.21
0.00578
138.2
Long Bangun
3,550.01
0.00000
218.3
Mandor
42
53.67
0.78261
3.3
Meratus Hulu Barabai
24
978.87
0.02452
60.2
Muara Kaman Sedulang
13
862.44
0.01507
53.0
Muara Kayan
28
915.53
0.03058
56.3
Muara Kendawangan
138
1,376.10
0.10028
84.6
Muara Sebuku
570.28
0.01578
35.1
Pamukan
29
317.07
0.09146
19.5
Pantai Samarinda
36
325.43
0.11062
20.0
Pararawen Baru
813.69
0.00860
50.0
Pararawen I,II
39.23
0.00000
2.4
Perairan Sungai Mahakam
51
1,226.34
0.04159
75.4
Pleihari Martapura
148
1,349.46
0.10967
83.0
Pleihari Tanah Laut
11
406.50
0.02706
25.0
Pulau Maratua-Karang Muaras
1,822.20
0.00000
112.1
Pulau Sebuku
169.82
0.04122
10.4
Pulau Suwangi
201.40
0.00497
12.4
Sesulu
1,353.82
0.00222
83.3
Sungai Berambai
780.15
0.00000
48.0
Sungai Kayan Sungai Mentarang
18,102.82
0.00050
1,113.3
Tanjung Dewa Barat
237.63
0.01262
14.6
Tanjung Penghujan NR/RP
25
276.82
0.09031
17.0
Tanjung Puting
829
3,971.21
0.20875
244.2
Rest
30,666
445,422.63
0.05741
27,394.0
National Parks Combined
2,186
88,745.32
5,457.9
TOTAL
32,852
534,167.95
32,852.0

29
BL/18-May-05 6:43:00 PM

MC RMP Hotspots Kalimantan

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MC RMP Hotspots Kalimantan

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MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES

Directorate General of Coastal and Small Islands

MARINE & COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT

SPATIAL DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

PART A Hotspot Analysis Kalimantan &

Hotspots (10-Jan-99 to 21-Dec-03), elevation, national parks and Kabupaten Kotawaringan

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................................................................. 3

ANNEX 1 LAND SYSTEMS........................................................................................................................... 15

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

PART A SPATIAL MODELING HOTSPOTS KALIMANTAN

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Forestry Concessions and National Parks

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

The function CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range) in Excel was used to test for spatial

The c2 test first calculates a c2 statistic using the formula:

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

High density of hotspots

Tests for Independence

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Figure 4. Hotspot point density mapping for Kabupaten Kotawaringin

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Relation to Roads & Elevation

Figure 5. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for road buffers.

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Figure 6. Number of hotspots with distance from nearest road

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Figure 7. Hotspot density (No. sq km) for elevation categories

Figure 8. Hotspot density (No./sq km) for elevation categories

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Roads & Elevation

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

Black & Veatch (International) Ltd in association with

MCRMP - Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project

ANNEX 1 LAND SYSTEMS

Asymmetric, non-orientated sedimentary hills

Back Swamps of inland floodplain

Coalescent estuarine/riverine plains

Coalescent inland riverine plains

Coastal beach ridges

Coastal beach ridges and swales

Deeper peat swamps, commonly domed

Dissected dip slopes of cuestas

Dissected volcanic cones with radial drainage pattern

Eroded mountainous strato-volcanoes with radial drainage

Extremely steep-sides, finger-like volcanic plug

Flat sandy terraces covered by deeper peat

Flat sandy terraces covered by shallow peat

High sandstones plateau

High undulating riverine terraces

Hillocky acid igneous/metamorphic plains

Hillocky basaltic plains