ARCHITECTURE OF ASP.

NET

ARCHITECTURE OF ASP.NET

Web Server ASP.net Runtime Env

(.aspx)
HTTP Aspnet_isapi.dll
Machine.config
REQUEST
(.asp)
Asp.dll
Web.config

App Domain

HTTP HTTP Handlers

RESPONSE

Process Req

inet_info.exe Aspnet_wp.exe

• Inet_info.exe à identifies the request and submits the request to the aspnet_isapi.dll.
• Aspnet_isapi.dll à is a script engine which process the .aspx page
• Then the script engine will submit the request to the ASP.NET runtime env.
• After verifying all the security issues of both machine.config and web.config then an
AppDomain will be defined for the request and after processing the request the response
will be given to the client as HTTP response.
• Machine.Config à it is used to maintain the complete configuration details of all the web
applications registered on to the web server of ASP.net
• Web.Config à It is used to maintain the config details about a single web application.
• Where configuration details includes security,database connectivity,state
management,trace details of the web application,,authentication and authorization of the
applications and globalizations
• AppDomain:All windows appns run inside a process and these process own resources
such as memory and kernel objects and the threads execute code loaded into a
process.Process are protected from each other by the OS. All these appns are run on
high isolation mode to work safely.The disadvantage of this is memory resources are
blocked.So to achieve this in a single process all the applications should be made to run
which is good to an extent but the draw back is if one crashes all other are effected. So in
.net the code verification feature takes care that the code is safe to run.
so asp.net each application runs its own application domain and therefore it is protected
from other asp.net applications on the same machine so it ignores the process isolation
specified on IIS.
• HTTPHandlers:ASP.net builds upon a extensible architecture known as HTTP
runtime.This is responsible for handling the requests and sending the response.It is upto
an individual handlers such as asp.net or web service to implement the work done on a
request.IIS supports a low level API known as ISAPI. ASP.net implements a similar
concept with HTTP handlers.A request is assigned to ASP.net from IIS then ASP.net
 examines entries in the <httphandlers> section based on the extension of the request to
determine which handler the request should be send to.

Features of asp.net
• ASPX,ASP
• Up gradation of ASP to ASPX is not required it supports side by side execution
and hence a request can be given from ASP to ASPX and vice versa.
• Simplified Programming Model
• ASP.Net is a technology which can be implemented using any dot net language
such as VB.net,C# etc and hence there is no requirement of HTML,JavaScript or
VBScript to implement ASP.NET
• Simplified deployment
• ASP.Net supports setup and deployment and hence the web app can be defined
with a web set up project which can be easily deployed on to the web server.
Where as for ASP CUTE FTP is used for deploying manually we have to upload.
• Better Performance
• As the ASPX pages are complier based the performance of the web application
will be faster then the ASP pages (as they are interpreter based)
• Caching
• It is a process of maintaining the result or output of a web page temporarily for
some period of time .ASP supports Client Side caching where as ASP.Net
supports both client side and server side.
• Security
• In ASP security is done by IIS or writing the code manually. Where as ASP.Net is
defined with built in security features such as
à windows authentication
à Forms Authentication
à Passport Authentication
à Custom Authentication
• More powerful data access
• ASP.net supports ADO and ADO.Net as its database connectivity model which
will be implemented using the most Powerful OOP’S languages like VB.Net and
C# and hence the database access using ASPX pages will be very powerful.
• Web services
• It is a code which will be published on the web which can be used by any
applications written using any language for an platform or device.
• Better session Management
• Session Management in ASP.Net can be maintained using the database and as
well cookieless sessions are also supported.It also supports enabling and
disabling of session info within a web application.
• Simplified Form Validations
• ASP.Net provides validation controls using which any type of client side
validations are performed without writing any code.

• A web page is in 2 parts

1} Designing part (HTML Content,Flash,Dreamweaver etc)
2} logic Part (sub programs and event procedures and it has also your database
interaction)
• ASP.Net supports 2 techniques for creating web page
1) In Page Technique
when you place design part code and logic part code with in a single file called as
ASPX then it is called as inPage Technique.
 2) Code Behind Technique
when design part code is represented with in ASPX file and logic part code is
represented with in dll file then it is called as code behind technique.
• ASP Supports only In Page technique.
• DLL file is not a readable file so it is secured.

Difference Between VB 6.0 & VB.NET

1) It is an object based programming 1) It is an object oriented programming
2)Variables or member declarations are2)Here its mandatory
not mandatory
3)Uses Unstructured method for 3) Uses Unstructured / Structured methods for
handling exceptions handling exception
4) Uses DAO, RDO, ADO object 4) supports ADO and ADO.NET models
models for database connectivity
5)Uses Data projects as its default 5) uses crystal reports
reporting tool

6)Uses COM for language 6) Uses .net assembly for language

interoperability interoperability
7)Does not support multi threading 7)Does support multithreading
8)Uses DCOM to support distributed 8)Uses .net remoting to support distributed
technology tech.
9) Supports web tech.,client side appns 9)It does not support web technology.
or server side appns can be designed Note VB.net cant be used to design Client
using VB Side / Server side appns but it can used as an
implementing Lang for asp.net
Differences between C#.net & VB.net
W.R.T C#.NET VB.NET
DATA TYPES 1.Unsigned Data Types 1.No Unsigned Data Types
2.Strongly Typed Lang. 2.It is not strongly typed

OOPS Concept More concepts in C# Less Concepts here.

u have interfaces, abstraction, No indexes in Vb.net and it has
indexes limitations wrt interface

Memory Manag. Garbage Collector. Garbage collector,

Automatic releasing of destructor,dispose.Automatic releasing of
resources is available. resources is not available.You have to
It Boosts the performance. explicitly use dispose method

Operator Is available in C# Is not available in VB.Net

Overloading

Pointers Is available in C# Is not available in VB.Net

Auto XML Is available in C# Is not available in VB.Net

Document.

Page Life Cycle Events

 • Page_Init
• This is fired when the page is initialized
• Page_Load
• This is fired when the page is loaded
• The difference between Page_Init and Page_load is that the controls are guaranteed to
be fully loaded in the Page_load.The controls are accessible in the Page_Init event,but
the ViewState is not loaded,so controls will have their default values,rather than any
values set during the postback.
• Control_Event
• This is fried if a control triggered the page to be reloaded (such as a button)
• Page_unload
• This is fired when the page is unloaded from the memory

Types of Controls in ASP.Net

• HTML SERVER
• SYNTAX
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT RUNAT=SERVER>
• WEBSERVER CONTROLS
Standard List Controls Validation Data Misc
Controls à Radio Button Controls bound Controls
àlabel List àRequired field Controls
àTextbox à Check Box Validator àData Grid àCrystal
àButton List àRange àData List Report
àLink Button àDropdown List Validator àRepeater Viewer
àImage Button àList Box àCompare control
àCalendar Validator
àAdRotator àRegular
àPanel Expression
àPlace Holder Validator
àTable àCustom
Validator
àLiteral Control
àValidation
àRadio Button
Summary
àCheck Box
àXML

Common Syntax for any web server control

• <asp:controltype id=“name of the control” runat=“server”
----------------
----------------
//additional properties
></asp:controltype>
• To close syntax is “ / “ .

• In order to set or get the value from any standard control text property should be used.
• Eg:
• <asp:label id=“lb1” runat=“server” text=“user name”></asp:label>
• <asp:button id=“lb1” runat=“server” text=“Login” />
Calendar Control
• Usage: It is used to place the calendar on the webform
 – Note: Place the calendar control and right click on it and select autoformat to
provide a better look and feel for the control
– Calendar control can be considered as a collection of table cells
– Where every table cell will maintain the information about the days as a calendar day in
the format of a link button control
– When ever the calendar days has to be customized based on the requirement of the user
DAYRENDER event should be used.
– Every event handler in the dot net tech will accept two arguments 1st one being object
and the 2nd one is eventArguements
– I.e. DayRender(Object,eventArguements)
– Event Arguments of DayRender event will provide
– e.cell -> to refer table cell
– e.day -> to refer calendar day
– In order to add a string value as a control to any other control “Literal Control” Should be
used.

ADO.NET
 CONNECTION ORIENTED MODEL
 DISCONNECTED ORIENTED MODEL
CONNECTION ORIENTED MODEL
 Whenever an application uses the connection oriented model to interact with the db then
the connectivity between the application and the database has to be maintained always.
 Whenever an user executes any statement other than a select then command object can
be binded directly to the application
 If the user executes a select statement then dataReader is used to bind the result to the
application.
Disconnected Oriented Model
 When the user interacting with the db using this model then while performing the
manipulations or navigations on the data connectivity between the application and the
database is not required
Note: When ever the data is been updated on to the database then the connectivity is required in
the disconnected model.

DISCONNECTED MODEL

Application Data View DataSet Database

This is available in
client system
Data Adapter Connection

Data Providers
 Disconnected Model
 Connection à it is used to establish the physical
connection between the application and the database
 DataAdapter àit is a collection of commands which acts
like a bridge between the datastore and the dataset.
 Commands in DataAdapter à

DataAdapter Collection of all these commands

is DataAdapter
Select Command
Fill(Dataset Name[,DataMember])
Table Mappings

Insert Command

Update Command
Update(Dataset Name[,DataMember])
Delete Command

DataAdapter
 DataAdapter can always be binded to a single table at a time.
 Whenever the dataAdapter is used then implicit opening and closing of connection of
closing object will take place.
 If the dataAdapter is defined using a tool or a control then all the commands for the
adapter will be defined implicitly provided the base table with a primary key.
 If the base table is not defined with a primary key then the commands relevant for update
command and Delete command will not be defined.
Fill Method
 It is used to fill the data retrieved by the select command of DataAdapter to the dataset.
Update Method
 It is used to update the dataAdapter with the data present in the dataMember of the
dataSet. In other words used to the update the database.
DataSet
 It is an in memory representation of the data in the format of XML at the client system.
 Points to remember about DataSet:
– It contains any no of datatables which may belong to the same or different
databases also.
– If any manipulation are performed on the database it will not be reflected on to
the database.
– Dataset is also considered as a collection of datatables where a datatable can be
considered as a DataMember.
– Dataset will not be aware of from where the data is coming from and where the
data will be passed from it.
– Dataset supports establishing the relationship between the datatables present in
the dataset where the datatables might belong to different databases also.
 DataSet is of 2 types à
– Typed DataSet à when ever the dataset is defined with the support of XML
schema definitions then it is said to be typed dataSet.
– UnTyped DataSet à if the dataset is defined without the XML Schema Definition
then it is said to be UnTyped DataSet.
DataView
 It is logical representation of the data present in the datamember of dataSet.
 Usage à It is used to sort the data,filter the data or if the data has to be projected in the
pagewise then the dataView should be used.
Command
  It is used to provide the source for executing the statement I.e it used to specify the
command to be executed.
Data Reader
 It is a forward and read only record set which maintains the data retrieved by the select
statement.

ADO.NET

DISCONNECTED MODEL CONNECTION ORIENTED MODEL

Used if the statement is CONNECTION

CONNECTION select statement

DATA ADAPTER COMMAND

DATA SET DATA READER

DATA VIEW UI

UI
Used if the data has to be filtered,
sorted or if the data has to be projected
in page-wise

ADO.NET

ODBC
SQL-SERVER ORACLE OleDB Providers
providers
System.data.SqlClient System.data.OracleClient System.data.Oledb System.data.ODBC

SQL Connection Oracle Connection OleDB Connection ODBC Connection

SQL Command Oracle Command OleDB Command ODBC Command

SQL Datareader Oracle DataReader OleDB Data Provider ODBC DataProvider

SQL DataAdapter Oracle DataAdapter OleDB DataAdapter ODBC DataAdapter

 Syntax to define the Objectà

– Dim objectName as new xxxConnection(“ProviderInfo”) where xx à can be either
SQL,Oracle,Oledb or ODBC
 Provider Info
– To connect to MS-Access 2000 above versions à
• Provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4;datasource=databaseName.mdb
– To connect to SQL-Server db à
• Provider=sqloledb.1;userid=sa;password=;database=database
name;datasource=servername
• Note if SQL Connection is used then provider=providername is not
required.
– To Connect to ORACLE à
 • Provider = oracleoledb.oracle;userid=scott;pwd=tiger;datasource =
servername
• OR
• Provider = msdaora.1;…….
• Note if oracle connection is used then provider= provider name is not
required.

 To define Command Object à

– Dim objectName as new xxxCommand([SQL Statement,connection
object/Connection String])
 To define DataReader à
– Dim objectName as xxxDataReader
 To define DataAdapter à
– Dim objectName as xxxDataAdapter(Select Statement,<Connection Object /
Connection String>)
– When ever the DataAdapter is defined using the above syntax then only the
command relevant for the SelectCommand will be defined and in order to use the
above commands they have to be build explicitly.
 To define DataSet à
– Dim objectName as new DataSet()
 To define DataView à
– Dim objectName as new DataView(datasetName.DataMemberName)
Security in ASP.NET
 Asp.net provides various authentication methods to achieve security.
 They are: à
– Forms Authentication
– Windows Authentication
– Passport Authentication
– Custom Authentication
FORMS Authentication
 It is used to authenticate the user credentials for Internet and Intranet applications.
 It is used to specify the authentication mode to be used by the ASP.Net web application,
to specify the login page information and to specify the format of the password to be used
for providing additional security and also it acts like a database which maintains the user
credentials information.
 Syntax to set the authentication
<authentication mode=“Forms”>
<forms loginUrl = “login.aspx”>
<Credentials passwordFormat =“SHA1/MD5/Clear”>
<User name =“_____” password=“____” />
_____________
_____________ any no of user information
</credentials>
</forms>
</authentication>
Authorization
 It is used to allow or deny the users from accessing the webforms present in the web
application.
 <authorization>
 <allow users=“__,__,__ / * “ />
 <deny users=“__,__,__ / * ”/>
 </authorization>
 Note: the tags and the attributes present in the web.config is a case sensitive contents.
  In order to support Forms Authentication in ASP.Net the Dot Net Framework provides a
base class library called as “System.web.security.Formsauthentication”
Methods to support Forms Authentication
 Authenticate :àIt is used to authenticate if the provided information belongs to a valid
user credentials or not.It returns True if user info is valid else returns false.
 Syntax à authenticate(username,password)
 RedirectFromLoginPage à It is used to redirect to the requested webform from the login
page if the provided user credentials belongs to a valid user.
 Syntax :- redirectFromLoginPage(username,booleanvalue)
 If specified TRUE then the user info will be maintained as a permanent HTTP Cookie at
the client system and if FALSE is specified then user info will be maintained temporarily
till the browser is closed.
 HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFileàit is used to encrypt the data using either SHA1
or md5 hash algorithms.
 Syntax à HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile
(original Text,”md5/sha1”)
 SignOut à It is used to clear the session of the user which has been set the application
 User.identity.name à returns the name of the user who has currently logged in.
Windows Authentication
 It is used to authenticate the user information based on the users registered on the
network.
 Note it is used to validate the users on the intranet environment.
 In web.config file à
– <authentication mode=“windows” />
– <authorization>
<allow users/role =“DomainName/UserName,---” / roleName />
<deny users/role = “DomainName/UserName,---” / roleName />
– </authorization>
– Whenever the user who has been currently logged in is present in the allow users list
then all the webforms can be accessed directly present in the web application.Else
implicilty the webserver will project a dialog box to provide the user credentials and allow
the user to access the webforms provided the information belongs to a valid user
credentials.
Types of Windows Authentication
 Basic Authentication à if used as authentication type then the user credentials will be
passed across the n/w in cleartext Format.
 DigestAuthentication à it is a special authentication type used to authenticate the
Domain server users.
– Note if the OS is not a domain server then the Digest authentication type will be
disabled in that system
 NTLM authentication à it is a default authentication type used by the windows
authentication where NTLM stands for Integrated Windows Authentication

Steps to set the authentication Type

 Start > RUN > inetmgr
 Right click on default web site and select properties
 Click on Directory Security tab
 Click on the Edit button present in the anonymous access and authentication control
 Check on the different authentication types to be used
 To know the domain name of the system
– [ In command prompt ]
 • C:\host Name
– This gives the domain name

Passport Authentication
 If the same user credentials has to be maintained across multiple websites then passport
authentication can be used.
 To achieve this à
– Install Microsoft Passport SDK
– In web.config file
• <authentication mode =“passport”>
– <passport redirectUrl =“internal /URL ‘ />
</authentication>
Custom Authentication
 It is used to Validate the user credentials as per the requirement of the application.

STATE MANAGEMENT IN ASP.NET

• It is used to maintain the state of the user across multiple pages.
{ OR } Web server maintaining client information with out any connectivity is called as
state management .This can be implemented in various ways
1.View State [ Hidden field ]
2. Page Submission
3.Cookies
4.Session
5.Query String
6.Application
7. Cache

View State
• It is the concept of persisting controls properties between requests under post back
implementation.
• The view state will be implemented based on hidden field.
• The main advantage of view state will be 2 things
• There is no programming required from the developer so less burden on the developer.
• The memory will not be allocated in the client system nor at in the webserver system.It
will be maintained as the part of the web page itself.
• The problem with a view state is there will be more amount of data transfer between
client and web server.
• The view state can be controlled at the 3 levels à
1 } Control Level à
<Input = ….Enable viewstate=“true/false”>
Note :à when it comes to sensitive data it is not recommended to implement view state
the sensitive data can be password,credit card no, etc.
• When you go with password type textbox the view state will not be applicable implicitly.
• 2} Page Levelà
<%@ Pagedirective …..enable viewstate=“true/false” >
• 3 }Application Level à
It requires web config
It will be applicable to all the web pages

COOKIES
• It is used to maintain the server side information at the client system. { OR } A cookie can
be defined as a small amount of memory used by the web server on the client system.
 Usage :à The main purpose of cookies will be storing perosonal information of the
client,it can be username,pwd,no of visits,session id.
• Cookies can be of 2 types:-
• Client Side Cookiesà If the cookie information is set using Javascript / VbScript within
an HTML page then it is said to be a client Side Cookies.
• Server Side CookiesàIf the cookie information is set using server side technology then
it is said to be server side cookies.They are of 2 types:
1] Persistant Cookies ( Permanent Cookies )
2] nonPersistant Cookies ( Temporary Cookies )
• 1] Persistant Cookies ( Permanent Cookies )
• When the cookie is stored on to the hard disk memory then it is called as
persistant cookie.
• When you provide expires than the cookie will be considered as persistent.
• 2] nonPersistant Cookies ( Temporary Cookies )
• When the cookie is stored with in the process memory of the browser then it is
called temporary cookies.
Syntax
• To set the cookies information
Response.cookies(“cookie name”).value = value
• To get or read the value from a cookie
variable =
request.cookies(“cookie name”).value

Points to remember about cookies

• Cookies information will be always be stored at the client system only.
• Cookies information are browser dependent ie the values of the cookies set by one
browser cant be read by other browser.
• If the cookie information is set by IE then that info. Will be maintained in the memory of
the browser itself.
• If the cookie information is set by Netscape Navigator then then information will be
maintained in “Cookies.txt” file.
• There is no security for cookies information.
• Browsers has a capability to disable the usage of cookies within it.
• Note à if the browser disables the cookies in it and if any request for a web form which
contains the usage of cookies then the request will not function properly.
• User can change cookie content (or) user can delete Text file.
• The browser will support 20 cookies towards a single website . If we add 21st cookie then
automatically the first cookie will be deleted.
• A cookie can represent maximum of 4kb of data.
• To bind the cookie information to a specific domain à
response.cookies(“cookie name”).Domain = DomainName
• To allow the different paths of the same domain to access the cookie information à
response.cookies(“cookie name”).path = “/path….”
• note àthe default expiration time for the cookies is 30 min.
• To set the expiration time for the cookie info à
response.cookies(“cookie name”).expires = dateTime
• To secure the cookie information à
response.cookies(“cookie Name”).secure = booleanValue

Session
When client makes a first request to the application,ASP.net runtime will create a block of
memory to the client in the web server machine.This Block of memory is called as session
memory.This memory will be unique to the client with the Time Out of 20 min by default.Here
timeout indicates from the last access of client request not from creation of cookies.Cookie can
represent only plain text not an object but session memory has an object.
Differences between Session & Cookies
Session Cookies
It will be maintained in the web It will be maintained in the client
server system.So it is called as system. So it is called as client
server side management side state management.
Session can represent objects Cookie can represent plain text

More security for data Less security for data.

Accessing will be slow Accessing would be faster.

Limitations of sessions in ASP

• In ASP client info is maintained by the server using its sessionID irrespective of session
object usage.
• Sessions in ASP are always cookies based.
• Enabling and disabling of sessions are not supported in ASP
Sessions in ASP.Net
• Sessions in ASP.net can be
àCookies Based ( Default )
àCookieless
àIt can be stored in database also (SQL Server)
• Syntax
à To get session Info
Session(“variable”) = value
à To Read / Get value
Variable = session(“variable”)
• Note:à
• If the value assigned to the session variable is a character data then the info will be
maintained in the contents collection of the session object
• If the value assigned to the session variable is an object then that information will be
maintained in the static object collection of session object.
• By default session state for the application will be true and hence the contents of the
session object can be used.
• In order to disable the session object usage in the web form then “enable session state”
attribute of the page directive should be set as false.
• In the page directive I.e go to the HTML view and in that page directive at the start of the
page make the enable session state as = false.
• Syntax à
<% @ page language =“vb” enablesessionstate=“false”…….%>
Session Object
• Session Object à this object can be used to access session memory from asp.net web
page.
The following are the methods à
1. Add(key,value) where key à String and value à object
2.Remove(key)
3.Abandon() à to close the session
4.SessionId
5.TimeOut

Points to remember about Session

 • The default session timeout is 20mins
To set the session timeout
session.timeout = minutes (à specify the min)
{OR}
In web.config we have tag available for session
<sessionstate mode=“Inproc” cookieless=“false” timeout =“minutes” />
Note : the default sessionstate uses cookies for maintaining the data or info.
• To define a session as cookie-less then in web.config:
<sessionstate mode=“Inproc” cookieless=“false” timeout=“20” />
note:à once the sessionstate is set to cookieless then the sessionInfo or the sessionID
will be appended to the URL for each and every webform present in the web application.
• In order to retrieve the sessionID of the client
session.sessionID should be used.
• In order to maintain the session info. On the SQL server database then in web.config:
<sessionState mode=“sqlserver” stateconnectionstring=“tcpid=127.0.01:42424”
sqlconnectionstring=
“______(completepath”) cookieless=“false” timeout=“20” />
• In order to clear the session variable present in the session object contents collection
then
“session.contents.remove(“sessionvariable”)”
• In order to clear all the items present in the contents collection then
“session.contents.removeall()” should be used.
• In order to kill the session of the user then “session.abandon()” method should be used.
• To disable the session information for a specific webform then enablesessionstate=“false”
should be set for the page.

Application
 It is used to maintain the state of all the users accessing the web applications.
 When the first client,first request comes to the application web server will allocate a block
of memory this is called as application memory.
 The application memory will not have any life time.
 Application object can be used to access application memory from asp.net web page
 Application object consists the following methods à
1} Add (key,value) {or} Application(“var”) = value
2} Remove(key)
3} lock()
4} unLock()
note à the lock and unlock are not available in session,but available in application .
 To set:à
Application (“variable”) = value
 To read:à
variable = application(“variable”)
 ProblemàIf the application object is not maintained properly then it will result in Data
Inconsistency.
 When ever the application variables are used in the webform then it is mandatory to Lock
the application contents.
 To do:à Application.Lock()
 If application.lock() method is encountered while processing the webform then all the
other requests which uses the application contents will not be blocked till the webform
processing is completed.
 Lock is used to allow only one client at a particular time.
  Each client requests to the webserver is considered as thread.webserver will allocate
equal processor time to all the threads.In this aspect more then one thread can
manipulate application memory data,this may lead to improper result to avoid this it is
recommended for synchronisation of threads.
 Synchronisation is nothing but allowing user one at a particular time.
 The synchronisation of threads can be implemented using lock and unlock methods.

Global.asax
 It’s a collection of events where the code written in those events will be executed
implicitly whenever the relevant event takes place.
 In order to work with the application and the session objects and to handle the events in a
proper manner “global.asax” file should be used.
 Application_Start à the code written in this event will be executed only once whenever
the application has been encountered with the first request
 Session_Start à the code written in this event will be executed when ever a new session
for the user starts.
 Application_BeginRequest à the code written in this event will be fired when ever any
webform present in the webapplication is loaded.
 Application_Authenticate à the code written in this event will be executed when even the
authentication takes place.
 Application_error à the code written in this event will be executed when ever any error or
exceptions occurs at webforms present in the web application.
Note à in order to get the last error which has been generated on the webform
“server.getLastError()” should be used.
 Session_End à the code written in this event will be executed whenever the session of
the user ends
 Application_End à the code written in this event will be executed whenever the web
application is closed.

Caching
• It is used to maintain the result of the webform temporarily for a specific period of time.
• ASP supports client side caching.
• Where as ASP.net supports both client side caching and server side caching.

Client Side Caching

• If the cache page is maintained at the
client side it is said client side caching.
Web server
Server
C1
Gateway
Proxy
C2 Server
Modem ISP
Cache page

C3
 • To Set this :à
Response.cachecontrol = public
• Advantage :à only the people who are connected in the network they will be getting the
page faster.

Server Side Caching

• then it is said to be server side caching.
• Points to remember
• Caching should be used if and only if the following properties are satisfied
1} The contents of the webform should not be modified at least for a specific period of
time.
2} The no of clicks for the webform present in the web application should be more.

Types – Server side caching

• 1~~~> Page – Output Cache
• 2 ~~~> Page – Fragmentation (Partial) Cache
• 3 ~~~> Data Cache.

Page – Output cache

when ever the complete result of the webform or the o/p of the webform is maintained as a
cache page at the webserver then it is said to be a page-output cache.
• To Setà
<% @ outputcache duration=“seconds” varybyparam=“none/controlName/VariableName”
%>
• VaryByParam à it is used to set an individual cache page for every distinct value
assigned for the control or the variable assigned to the varybyparam.
{example 1}
• Page Fragmentation Cache à It is used to maintain only a partial page contents as a
cache contents on the web server
• To achieve this Page Fragmentation à
à Define a web custom control
à Set the cache for the custom control
à use the web custom control on the web form.

Web User Control

• Web User Control à It is used to design a web control which can be used by an
webforms of ASP.net
• To design à Project à Add web user control
• To use the web user control on the web form à
• 1st method à
select the name of the web user control file in the solution explorer and then drag drop
that file on to the web form.
• 2nd method à
1} register the web user control as a tag prefix in the webform:à
for eg :
<% @ register tagprefix = “UC1” tagname=“webusercontrol” src=“webusercontrol2.aspx”
%>
2} place the web user control as a normal control on the webform
<uci:webusercontrol2 id=“wuc2” runat=“server” />

Data Cache
• It is used to maintain the data present in an object as a cache information ,where the
object can be dataset,datview or datareader.
 • Note:à once the data is been set as a cache then if the data is modified or manipulated
at the database level there wont be any reflection at the data present in the cache.

Tracing
 It is used to trace the flow of the application.
 It is of 2 types à
 Application level tracing à If this is used then for all the webforms present in the web
application the trace details or information will be provided.
 Page level tracing à if used then only specific web form the trace details will be set.
 Note à if the application level and page level tracing information is set then the
preference will be given to the page level tracing only.
 To set application level tracing à
in web.config à <trace enabled=“true” requestlimit=“10” pageoutput=“true”…../>
Methods to support tracing
 Trace.write à It is used to write the data on to the trace information.
 Trace.warn à it is used to write the data on to the trace information using red as its fore
color such that the information will be highlighted at the trace info section.
 To set page level trace info in page directive tag :à
<% @ pagelanguage=“vb” trace=“true” %>