Environmental Impact Statement For Protea Hotels (Lower Zambezi)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
For
Protea Hotels
Submitted To
ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA (ECZ)
By
Protea Hotels Zambia Limited
November 2009
EIS for the proposed Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi Lodge in Chiawa GMA
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CONTACT DETAILS
1. Developer’s Details
Address: Protea Hotel Zambia Limited

P.O Box 51018
LUSAKA
ZAMBIA
Contact person: Mr. Adam Lethbridge

Managing Director
Arcades Development Plc
Telephone: +260 211 256729
Fax: 260 211 256730
2. Environmental Consultant’s Details
Address: Binary Solutions

Blessings House
Northmead Shopping Centre
P.O. Box 30601
LUSAKA
ZAMBIA
Contact Person: Shadreck Y. Nsongela

Principal Consultant
Telephone: 260 211 290459
Fax: 260 211 290459
E-Mail: snsongela@zamtel.zm
3. Architects Details
Address: Shelter Designs

Suit 506/507 House
5th Floor Anchor House, Cairo Road
P.O. Box 32664
LUSAKA
ZAMBIA
Contact Person: Victor Musonda

Principal Architect
Telephone: 260 211 234785
Fax: 260 211 235787
E-Mail: shelter@zamnet.zm
Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTACT DETAILS ............................................................................................................................................ II
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................... III
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ VI
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................. VII
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ VIII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. IX
SIGNATURE PAGE...............................................................................................................................................X
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... XI
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Developer’s Profile ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Rationale for conducting the EIA Study .......................................................................................... 2
1.4 EIA APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Planning meeting ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.4.2 Preliminary consultations ............................................................................................................... 3
1.4.3 Site Reconnaissance Survey ............................................................................................................ 4
1.4.4 Desk Study ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.5 Scoping and public consultation ..................................................................................................... 4
1.4.6 Development of the ToRs................................................................................................................. 5
1.4.7 Field Survey, Data Collection, Analysis and Report Compilation .................................................. 6
1.4.8 Disclosure meeting .......................................................................................................................... 6
142.9 Review of Findings and report Finalisation ........................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER 2: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................ 9
2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND POLLUTION CONTROL ACT, 1990 ................................................ 9
2.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations .............................................................................. 9
2.1.2 Air Pollution Control Regulations , 1996........................................................................................ 9
2.1.3 Hazardous Waste Management Regulations,2001 ........................................................................ 10
2.1.4 Water Pollution Control Regulations, 1993 .................................................................................. 10
2.1.5 The Waste Management (Licensing of Transporters of Wastes and Waste Disposal Sites)
Regulations, 1993 ........................................................................................................................................ 10
2.2 OTHER RELEVANT PIECES OF LEGISLATION ......................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Public Health Act, 1930 ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2 Local Government Act, 1991 ......................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3 The Tourism Act ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.2.4 National Heritage Conservation Commission Act, 1986 .............................................................. 11
2.2.5 The Zambezi River Authority Act .................................................................................................. 12
2.2.6 The Town and Country planning Act ............................................................................................ 12
2.2.7 Land Conversion of titles Act (1975) ............................................................................................ 12
2.2.8 Fisheries Act (1974) ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.9 The Zambia Wildlife Authority Act (1998) .................................................................................... 13
2.2.10 Forest Act, 1973 ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.11 The Inland Waters Shipping Act (CAP 466 of the Laws of Zambia) ........................................ 13
2.3 INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONVENTIONS ................................................................................ 13
2.3.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ........................................................ 14
2.3.2 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification ................................................................. 14
2.3.3 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity ..................................................................... 14
2.3.4 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance ..................................................... 14
2.3.5 Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural heritage ........................................ 15
CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 16
3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1 Accommodation ............................................................................................................................. 16

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3.1.2 Central Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Swimming Pool.............................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.4 Parking Lot and Mooring Area ..................................................................................................... 19
3.1.5 Walkways ...................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.6 Natural Surrounding/parks ........................................................................................................... 19
3.2 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................... 19
3.2.1 Equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Raw Materials ............................................................................................................................... 19
3.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STAGES AND ACTIVITIES ........................................................................ 20
3.3.1 Preparatory And Tendering Phase................................................................................................ 20
3.3.2 Approval and Awarding of Contracts ........................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Arranging for implementation of project ...................................................................................... 20
3.3.4 Supervision of Physical Works ...................................................................................................... 20
3.4 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Preparation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.4.2 Construction Phase ....................................................................................................................... 21
3.4.3 Operation Phase............................................................................................................................ 22
3.5 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................... 23
3.5.1 “Without Project” Alternative – Option 1 .................................................................................... 23
3.5.2 With Project Alternatives – Option 2 ............................................................................................ 23
3.5.3 Site Alternatives ............................................................................................................................ 24
3.5.4 Development Size Alternative ............................................................................................................. 25
3.5.5. Pollution Control Alternative ............................................................................................................ 26
CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE .......................... 27
4.1 GEOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................ 27
4.1.1 General Location .......................................................................................................................... 27
4.1.2 Specific Project Site Location ....................................................................................................... 28
4.1.3 Relief and Topography .................................................................................................................. 29
4.1.4 Climate .......................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1.5 Soils ............................................................................................................................................... 32
4.1.6 Geology ......................................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.7 Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................................ 34
4.1.8. Hydrology ...................................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.9 Air quality ..................................................................................................................................... 35
4.1.10 Noise ......................................................................................................................................... 35
4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................... 36
4.2.1 Flora.............................................................................................................................................. 36
4.2.2 Fauna ............................................................................................................................................ 41
4.2.3 Threats to the Flora and Fauna of Chiawa GMA ......................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 5: DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ....................................... 50
5.1 DISTRICT OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 50
5.2 DISTRICT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE............................................................ 50
5.2.1 Central Government system .......................................................................................................... 50
5.2.2 Local Government System ............................................................................................................. 50
5.2.3 Traditional System of Governance (Sub District) ......................................................................... 51
5.3 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT AREA .......................................................... 51
5.3.1 Demography and settlements ........................................................................................................ 51
5.3.2 Ethnicity and History .................................................................................................................... 52
5.3.3 Settlements and buildings .............................................................................................................. 52
5.3.4 Land Tenure and Land Use ........................................................................................................... 54
5.3.5 Gender and Impact of HIV/AIDS .................................................................................................. 55
5.4 HERITAGE, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................. 56
5.4.1 Chongwe / Fufumwe Falls............................................................................................................. 56
5.4.2 Bwelinunkha Cave ......................................................................................................................... 57
5.5 TOURISM AND RECREATION ............................................................................................................... 60
5.6 INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIAL AMENITIES ......................................................................................... 61
5.6.2 Communication ............................................................................................................................. 61
5.6.3 Electricity and power supply ......................................................................................................... 62

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5.6.4 Education Facilities ...................................................................................................................... 62
5.6.5 Health Facilities and Services ....................................................................................................... 63
5.6.6 Agricultural Production and Support ............................................................................................ 63
5.6.7 Livestock development and Services ............................................................................................. 65
5.6.8 Water Supply and Sanitation ......................................................................................................... 65
CHAPTER 6: PROJECT IMPACTS ................................................................................................................... 67
6.1 PROJECT IMPACTS ON THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 68
6.1.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS ON THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................... 69
6.1.1.2 Enhanced Public- Private Partnership (PPP) .......................................................................... 69
6.1.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT...................................................................... 70
6.2. PROJECT IMPACTS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ................................... 74
6.2.1 Positive Social Economic and Cultural Impacts ........................................................................... 74
6.2.2 Negative Social –economic and Cultural Impacts ........................................................................ 79
CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................. 83
7.1 MITIGATION PLAN FOR NEGATIVE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................................... 84
7.2 ENHANCEMENT PLAN FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS................ 89
7.3 MITIGATION PLAN FOR NEGATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ... 92
7.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RESCUE PLAN ....................................................................................... 95
7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ................................................................................................ 97
7.6 DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE PLAN ......................................................................................... 101
7.6.1 Closure Vision ............................................................................................................................. 101
7.6.2 Decommissioning and Closure Objectives .................................................................................. 101
7.6.3 Alternative Land Use for Closed Sites ........................................................................................ 101
7.6.3.1 Land Fill Site .......................................................................................................................... 101
7.6.3.2 Animal Watering Point ........................................................................................................... 102
7.7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMP ........................................................................................................ 102
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 104
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 105
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................... 107
APPENDIX 1 EIA/EMP STUDY TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ............................................................... 107
APPENDIX 2 LAND USE PROVISIONS UNDER THE CHIAWA GMA GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......... 113
APPENDIX 3: SITE PLAN AND BUILDING PLANS ....................................................................................... 117
APPENDIX 4: SAMPLE PRESS ADVERTS ................................................................................................... 122
APPENDIX 5: MINUTES OF THE EIA/EMP SCOPING MEETING ................................................................ 124
APPENDIX 6: MINUTES OF THE PROTEA HOTELS LOWER ZAMBEZI LODGE EIS/EMP PUBLIC DISCLOSURE
MEETING 137
APPENDIX 7: TITTLE DEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE ............................................................... 152
APPENDIX 8: CONSULTED STAKEHOLDERS' WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS ...................................................... 156
APPENDIX 9: CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION FOR PROTEA HOTELS ZAMBIA LIMITED ....................... 157
APPENDIX 10: MAP OF THE PROPOSED CHIAWA PARTNERSHIP PARK ............................................................ 158
APPENDIX 11: PROTEA HOTELS GROUP POLICY GUIDELINES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND
RESPONSIBLE TOURISM................................................................................................................................... 159
APPENDIX 12: PROTEA HOTELS GROUP POLICY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY ..................................................... 160
APPENDIX 13: APPROVAL LETTER FOR STUDY TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................... 164

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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: PLANT AND EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................................... 19

TABLE 2: SIZE OF CHIAWA GMA IN RELATION TO OTHER PROTECTED AREA IN THE ZAMBEZI VALLEY .................. 27
TABLE 3: COMPARISON OF RAINFALL AMONG AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OVER A 30YR PERIOD .......................... 32
TABLE 4: SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 34
TABLE 5: ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR WATER SAMPLES FROM SITE ............................................................................... 35
TABLE 6: VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION – VALLEY FLOOR HABITATS (EASTERN CHIAWA GMA AND
LOWER ZAMBEZI NP) ............................................................................................................................... 39
TABLE 7: COMPOSITION (% ABUNDANCES) OF GILLNETS CATCHES AND CATCH ASSESSMENT – CHIAWA, MIDDLE
ZAMBEZI RIVER. ..................................................................................................................................... 42
TABLE 8: ESTIMATES FOR CROCODILE NUMBERS IN CHIAWA GMA IN RELATION TO OTHER PROTECTED AREAS IN
THE LOWER ZAMBEZI ............................................................................................................................. 43
TABLE 9: LION DENSITY VALUES FOR CHIAWA GMA ............................................................................................. 44
TABLE 10: SPOTTED HYENA DENSITY ESTIMATES (ADULTS PER KM2) IN CHIAWA GMA ........................................ 45
TABLE 11: 2003 DRY SEASON POPULATION ESTIMATES AND STATISTICS FOR BUFFALO AND ELEPHANT IN CHIAWA
GMA ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
TABLE 12: 2004 WET SEASON POPULATION ESTIMATES AND STATISTICS FOR ELEPHANTS IN CHIAWA GMA ................ 47
TABLE 13: 2005 WET SEASON POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR ELEPHANTS IN CHIAWA GMA VALLEY FLOOR ................. 47
TABLE 14: HUNTING QUOTAS FOR CHIAWA GMA (2005 – 2009) ............................................................................... 48
TABLE 15: ZONES AND VILLAGES IN CHIAWA.............................................................................................................. 53
TABLE 16: SCHOOLS IN CHIAWA GMA .................................................................................................................... 63
TABLE 17: FARMERS AND AGRICULTURAL STAFF .................................................................................................... 64
TABLE 18: LIVESTOCK POPULATION AND CARRY CAPACITIES ...................................................................................... 65
TABLE 19: WATER ASSESSMENT FINDINGS................................................................................................................. 65
TABLE 20: SANITATION ASSESSMENT FINDINGS ......................................................................................................... 66
TABLE 21: NEGATIVE BIOPPHYSICAL IMPACTS MITIGATION PLAN .......................................................................... 84
TABLE 22: ENHANCEMENT PLAN FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS ..................................................... 89
TABLE 23: MITIGATION PLAN FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS........................................................... 92
TABLE 24: EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RESCUE PLAN................................................................................................ 95
TABLE 25: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................................................... 98

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: ACCOMODATION BLOCK (FRONT VIEW) .................................................................................................... 16

FIGURE 2: ACCOMODATION BLOCK (BACK VIEW) ...................................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 3: FLOOR LAYOUT PLAN FOR CENTRAL AMENTIES ..................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 4: LOCATION MAP FOR CHIAWA GMA .......................................................................................................... 28
FIGURE 5: CHIAWA GMA DEVELOPMENT ZONES (LEFT) AND SATELITE OVERVIEW OF THE CHIAWA EAST GMA .......... 29
FIGURE 6: THE MUCHINGA ESCARPMENT IN THE BACKGROUND (TOP) AND PROPOSED PROJECT SITE (BOTTOM) ......... 30
FIGURE 7: TOPOGRAPHY OF CHIAWA GMA ............................................................................................................... 31
FIGURE 8: LAND COVER AND VEGETATION IN CHIAWA GMA ...................................................................................... 38
FIGURE 9: VEGETATION CLOSE TO THE RIVER BANK AT THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE ............................................... 41
FIGURE 10: AN ELEPHANT CROSSING THE ZAMBEZI RIVER ......................................................................................... 45
FIGURE 11: DRY LIP OF FUFUMWE FALLS ON CHONGWE RIVER (DECEMBER, 2006)................................................... 57
FIGURE 12: PROTEA HOTELS LOWER ZAMBEZI LODGE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE .............................................. 103

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

ASL Above Sea Level
CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resource Management
CBO Community Based Organizations
CCPP Chiawa Community Partnership Park
CGMA Chiawa Game Management Area
CHICODA Chiawa Community Development Association
CLZ Conservation Lower Zambezi
CRB Community Resource Board
DoW Department of Works
ECZ Environmental Council of Zambia
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPB Environmental Project Brief
EPPCA Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act No. 12 of 1990
FMP Fire Management Plan
GEF Global Environment Facility
GMA Game Management Area
GMP General Management Plan
GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia
HIV Human Immune Virus
HWC Human Wildlife Conflict
IKS Indigenous Knowledge Systems
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
KDC Kafue District Council
LZAMU Lower Zambezi Area Management Unit
LZNP Lower Zambezi National Park
MP Management Plan
MTENR Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources
MOH Ministry of Health
NGO Non-Governmental Organizations
NHC Neighbourhood Heath Committee
NHCC National Heritage Conservation Commission
NP National Park
o
C Degrees Centigrade
PPP Private Public Partnership
RDA Road Development Agency
REMNPAS Reclassification and Effective Management of National Protected Areas System
SI Statutory Instrument
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection
TCC Total Carbon Content
TOC Total Organic Content
ToRs Terms of References
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing
ZAWA Zambia Wildlife Authority

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Binary Solutions Limited, contracted as an independent Consultant to undertake an

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study and prepare an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) for the proposed Lower Zambezi Lodge by Protea Hotels wish to express
gratitude to Protea Hotels Zambia Limited and Union Gold Zambia for entrusting this
assignment to our firm. Special thanks go to Mr. Adam Lethbridge, Managing Director,
Arcades Shopping Complex and Mr. Marc O’Donnel, Chairma of Union Gold for the
valuable guidance and support rendered in undertaking the study.
Compilation of this report could not have been possible without the support and participation
of other stakeholders in conducting field work, provision of information resources and
availing their valuable time in discussing issues related to the subject matter and advise on
how best to fulfil the study objectives. To all of these stakeholders too numerous to mention,
the Consultant remains indebted and renders deep appreciation.

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SIGNATURE PAGE
We the undersigned hereby declare that the information contained in this report is true and
correct to the best of our knowledge:
Mathew Saili - …………………………………

Project Coordinator/Engineering Specialist
Shadreck Y. Nsongela - …………………………………

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Public Consultation Coordinator
Christopher Chisense - …………………………………

Environmental Specialist – Solid Waste
Chisanga Mulenga - …………………………………

Social-Economics Specialist
Moses Mulambya - …………………………………

Chemist: Sampling and Analysis Specialist
Doreen Chipika Bwalya - …………………………………

Hydrologist/Waste Water and Sewerage
Management
Nchimunya Himunyanga - …………………………………

Natural Resources Specialist
Moses Nyoni - …………………………………

Forest Resources and Rural Livelihoods
Specialist
Charles M Phiri - …………………………………

Wildlife Resources Specialist

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Protea Group of Hotels owned and managed by Union Gold Zambia Limited is one of the
leading hospitality service providers in Zambia. The group boasts of 5 hotels in operation
covering Lusaka, Chisamba, Livingstone and the Copperbelt. The group is determined to
becoming one of the biggest hospitality service providers in the country and as such is
seeking opportunities for realising its developmental vision. This is in line with government
policy of making the tourism industry one of the major contributors to national development
and Gross Domestic Product.
Challenged by the under-tapped tourism potential of the Lower Zambezi National Park and
Chiawa Game Management Area in particular, Union Gold wishes to extend their hand of
hospitality to the area by developing an ultra modern Lodge and conference centre in the heart
of Chiawa East Game Management Area.
The development is located at the former Donatini Camp on the banks of the Zambezi River
sandwiched between Baines Tourist Camp to the west and Munyemeshi Self Catering Camp
to the east (across the Munyemeshi stream). To the South is the Zambezi River and
Zimbabwe’s Mana Pools National Park across the Zambezi River.
The Lodge will comprise:

• A one-storey building complex covering an area of 1,667m² to house central
amenities. The central amenities will include reception areas, a luxurious bar, luxury
dining rooms, fully equipped conference centre, a modern kitchen and verandas.
• Accommodation blocks comprising six (6) by two (2)- storey blocks each with 12 self
contained rooms and covering an area of 426m²,
• A 15m by 10m swimming pool,
• A parking lot with the capacity of 40 vehicles and
• Walkways and a mooring area for boats.
The developmental objective of the project is that of orienting and positioning the Lower
Zambezi as one of the most desired tourist destinations where comfortable, luxurious
accommodation and exciting tourism packages are guaranteed. Further, the development is
aimed at concretizing Protea Hotels’ investment in the Zambian economy and the hospitality
industry in particular thereby maximising socio-economic benefits to Zambia and its people
as a whole.
Once developed, the following benefits will accrue to the people of Chiawa and the area as a
whole:
• New job opportunities;

• Support to local communities and developmental projects;
• Training of staff for skills and career development;
• Business opportunities for local suppliers;
• Improved social wellbeing of the area through improved infrastructure and service
utilities;
• Promotion of local culture to the outside world;
• Enhanced protection of the environment and

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• Additional tax revenues for government
Project activities will involve selective land clearing, preparation of foundations, erection of
buildings, installation of fittings and landscaping. Operational activities will involve
receiving visitors and provision of accommodation, food and beverages (to both resident and
non resident visitors), conference services and other entertainment/leisure activities including
tour operations such as walking safaris, game drives and leisure boating in collaboration with
other tour operators in the area.
Anticipated positive project impacts on the socio-economic front include:
• Tested realisation of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) development initiative

advocated in the Chiawa Game Management Land Use Plan;
• Increased tourist visit to the area leading to overall development of the area arising
from increased spending by tourists in the area;
• Creation of about 200 Jobs directly and indirectly;
• Enhanced entrepreneurship through the supply value chain including food supply,
printing and stationery supplies, provision of transportation services water and land
based, motor vehicle and equipment maintenance and repair works, tour guides;
locally made handicrafts, construction works, etc.;
• Potential development of Small Scale Enterprises (SMEs) with enhanced participation
of local communities taking advantage of business opportunities presented by the
Lodge development;
• Enhanced cultural exchange between the local community and visitors coming to the
area;
• Capacity Building targeting employees of the Lodge and other associates;
• Improved infrastructure development including improved road network, air and water
transport and other communication facilities to the benefit of both tour operators and
local communities;
• Enhanced local community development projects through the company’s social
responsibility;
• Increased revenue for national development through Corporate Taxes, Sales Tax and
VAT payable by the Lodge and its business networks and associates;
• Promotion of Zambia and Chiawa area in particular through aggressive marketing
strategies.
Positive impacts on the biophysical environment include enhanced conservation of the area
arising from increased support and revenue to the Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and
other conservation organisations active in the area.
In an effort to maximise project benefits the following enhancement measures have been
proposed:
• Promotion of tourism related business opportunities for local communities;

• Provision of competitive salaries and conditions of service ;
• Provision of a wide variety of packages to suit each category of international, regional
and local guests;
• Provision of resources and opportunities for staff development;

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• Enhanced maintenance works to maintain developed infrastructure in a good state of
repair:
• Giving preference to local contractors and suppliers of goods and services in awarding
contracts;
• Guaranteeing the procurement of some requisites from Zambian firms and local
people , e.g. vegetables, grains, fruits, meat products, cement, stones, etc;
• Complying with all regulations and requirements pertaining to taxes and levies;
• Contributing to community development and social initiatives in collaboration with
the local community and other tour operators;
• Promoting Zambia and the Chiawa area in particular as a prime destination.
• Working with ZAWA and other stakeholders in promoting conservation wildlife and
other natural resources.
On the negative social front the following are the key anticipated impacts:
• Increase in communicable diseases including HIV/AIDS due to increased interaction

between visitors and local communities;
• Potential proliferation of social mischief due to influx of people of different
backgrounds seeking income opportunities;
• Increase in wildlife human conflicts due to encroachment on animal habitat;
• Increase in prices of local products to the disadvantage of local communities resulting
from new preferred markets offering better prices;
• Occupational Hazards associated with construction works;
• Public health problems related to inadequate social facilities such as waste
management, clean water and health services to match the anticipated increase in
people migrating to the area;
• Emergence of new social structures and life styles with potential to disrupt the area’s
social cultural and traditional systems and ways of life;
• Noise and disturbance from construction works such as heavy equipment and haulage
vehicles
• Air pollution from dust e.g. on earthmoving activities and handling of materials such
as soil, cement, sand during construction and from motorised equipment and vehicular
emissions.
• Increased traffic taking away the wilderness experience of the area.

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Anticipated negative biophysical Impacts include:
• Potential disturbance to the area’s ecosystems including the area’s flora and fauna
owing to construction works and increased tourist activities;
• Enhanced soil erosion arising from various developmental activities with potential to
cause siltation
• Soil and water contamination from various polluting substances including solid and
liquid wastes;
• Increased incidence of animal kills due to increased traffic
• Noise disturbance to wildlife due to increased road and water traffic.
Management has put in place mitigation measures to prevent, minimise and compensate the
above identified impacts.
Key measures for mitigating negative socio-economic and cultural impacts include:
• Provision of information and awareness creation on Sexually Transmitted Diseases

(STIs) and HIV/AIDS prevention and management together with provision of social
security systems for affected employees
• Enhanced security measures within and around the Lodge premises and the
community to rid of bad elements with potential to dent the image of hospitality in the
area through pilfering and other negative vices;
• Awareness creation on the need to avoid feeding monkeys and other wild animals, as a
preventive measure for monkeys from scavenging from bins and stealing from people;
• Observance/strict enforcement of all safety rules at places of work during construction
and through operation of the Lodge including adequate orientation and signage for all
potential safety risks;
• Provision of First Aid facilities;
• Enhanced awareness on environmental conservation and pollution control e.g. strict
enforcement of the need for waste to be disposed off in provided receptacles. Also to
ensure final disposal of wastes is at designated sites which are endorsed by both
Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ) and the local council;
• Support to the local authorities in the provision of social services such as education
and health facilities.
Key measures for mitigating negative biophysical impacts include:
• Prevention of soil erosion and compaction by confining movement of heavy plant and
equipment to the construction site and designated roads and paths and planting of
vegetation in disturbed areas as well as limiting earthworks to the dry season;
• Protection of drainage channels by stone pitching or planting grass to minimise
erosion and consequent siltation of the river;
• Enforcement of speed limits on speed boats;
• Proper management of polluting materials e.g. fuels, oils, chemicals etc and adequate
contingency measures for cleanup of any spills;
• Enhanced sanitation including heightened sensitisation on hygiene and sanitation,
provision of proper toilet facilities away from sensitive sites such as water sources and
provision of solid waste receptacles with a sustainable system of final waste disposal;

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• Sensitisation and awareness on noise pollution control including restricted
construction work hours to limit noise to day time only;
• Avoiding unnecessary clearing of vegetation by limiting disturbance to target
construction areas only;
• Protection of river banks by designating a “no soil disturbance and vegetation
clearance area;”
• Enhanced re-vegetation and landscaping exercise for disturbed areas
An Environemntal Management Plan (EMP) comprising an Impact Enhancement Plan,

Impact Mitigation Plan, Impact Monitoring Plan and an Emergency Response Plan have also
been put in place to guide implementation of the mitigation measures.
Key issues covered in the montoring plan include effect of construction works on the
biophysical environmental conditions, effectiveness of mitigation measures put in place to
mitigate the identified impacts both social and biophysical, community feedback on issues of
concern to their wellbeing, HIV/AIDS awareness amongst staff and visitors, project
contribution to overall development of hospitality business and social wellbeing of the people
in the area and visitor appreciation of the area’s environmental resources.
Provisions under the Emergency Response Plan will include designation of alert, trained and
dedicated individuals within the workforce to act as key respondents, an appropriate hazard
warning system, serviceable fire fighting and rescue equipment, designated fire assembly
points, first aid facilities and services for evacuation of serious cases.
It is management’s hope that rather than taking away from the beauty and integrity of the
area’s wilderness which is the hospitality basis of the area, the project will enhance visitor
attraction to the area and contribute to the socio-economic development of Chiawa people and
the nation as a whole to the benefit of all stakeholders. Granted, the proposed project is the
biggest of its kind in the area and, as such, has potential to raise anxiety on its implications on
existing developments and hospitality in the area as a whole. However careful
implementation will ensure the size of the project does not translate into insurmountable
negative impacts on the environment which is the very basis of the hospitality business in the
area. To this effect, management is committed to the process of dialogue and consensus
building to ensure that the development meets both the aspirations of the people of Chiawa
and management requirements stipulated and agreed upon by the authorities and other
stakeholders including the Lower Zambezi Conservation Trust (LZCT) and the Chiyaba
Leaseholders Association in the spirit of the Public-Private Partnership advocated in the GMA
Land Use Plan.

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Project

The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Zambia. The industry has a
huge potential to contribute significantly to national development if prudently harnessed and
managed. The industry is currently known as the second most important industry from
agriculture and contributes close to 14% to GDP annually. Despite the potential that the
tourism industry has, it has over a long time remained underdeveloped until in the recent
years when the government has embarked on a deliberate policy aimed at developing the
industry and promoting Zambia as a tourism destination of choice.
In view of the conducive tourism based-business environment and policies created by the
government, Protea Hotels intends to expand its presence in the business by extending and
claiming a share of the Lower Zambezi market.
Construction of an ultra modern Lodge in the heart of Chiawa East Game Management Area
is one strategy and vehicle that Protea Hotels Zambia intend to use. The proposed project is
aimed at:
• Orienting and positioning the Lower Zambezi as one of the most desired tourist
destinations where comfortable, luxurious accommodation and exciting tourism
packages are guaranteed.
• Creating an ultra modern complex with the capacity of acting as a catalyst for further
development of tourism in the Lower Zambezi and Zambia in general.
• Maximizing the tourism potential of the former Donatini site in Chiawa GMA and the
Zambezi River in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
• Concretizing Protea Hotels’ investment into the Zambian economy and extending its
stake in tourism while contributing towards assisting government to develop the
tourism industry.
• Maximizing socio-economic benefits to Zambia and its people.
1.2 Developer’s Profile
Protea Hotels Zambia Limited is a company specialised in the hospitality industry and
operates 5 hotels in Zambia. The first hotel in Zambia, Protea Hotel Safari Lodge was
established in 2000 and is located in its own beautiful gardens and private game reserve of
2,500 acres in Chisamba. Others are Protea Hotel Chingola on the copperbelt, Protea Hotel
Cairo Road situated in the heart of Lusaka’s Commercial Business District, Protea Hotel
Livingstone which opened in May 2008 and is located only 10 minutes drive from the
famous Victoria Falls and Protea Hotel Lusaka which opened in August 2008 and is located
within the vibrant and bustling Arcades Shopping and Entertainment Complex.
1.2.1. Shareholding
Protea Hotels Zambia Limited is owned by Union Gold (Zambia) Ltd (97.5% shareholding)
and Mr. Mauro Guardigli (2.5% shareholding). Union Gold is a company incorporated in the
Republic of Zambia (Appendix 9) while Mr. Guardigli is an Italian resident in Zambia. The

Ltd 1 Binary Solutions Limited
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Protea Group of Hotels are operated under the Protea Inns and Hotels (Pty) Ltd of South
Africa Franchise. The Union Gold group is the sole Franchisee in Zambia
1.2.2. Board of Directors
There are five Directors comprising the Board of Protea Hotels Zambia Limited as follows:
• Stuart Mark O’Donnell, British resident in Zambia. Mr. O’Donnel is the Chairman of
the Union Gold Group of companies (a family business) which employs about 1500
people in Zambia through their various subsidiaries. Mr. O’Donnel is involved in a
number of businesses across many sectors in Zambia.
• Nicholas Frangeskides, Cypriot resident in Zambia. Nicholas is a mechanical
engineer by profession and is highly respected in the world of construction and
property development. He is Managing Director of Velos Enterprises Ltd, one of
Zambia’s largest construction companies. Currently Velos are developing Falls Park
in Livingstone, Protea Hotel Livingstone, and are in a joint venture with John Sisk on
the Lilayi Housing Development, a project in excess of US$40million
• Efi O’Donnell, Cypriot resident in Zambia. A computer engineer by profession. Efi is
currently the Financial Director of the Union Gold Group. This includes directorships
in Arcades Developments, and all Protea Hotels in Zambia. She is also Managing
Director of two retail booksellers in Lusaka.
• Peter Frangeskides, Cypriot resident in Zambia. Peter is an electrical engineer by
profession and sits on the main board of the Union Gold group, and is managing
director of the Plastics division of the group.
• Mauro Guardigli, an Italian resident in Zambia. A hotelier by profession, Mauro is the
Managing Director of all Protea Hotels in Zambia. Protea Hotels throughout the
country have gained a reputation for being both affordable and service orientated. As a
result of this, occupancy in all hotels is high.
1.3 Rationale for conducting the EIA Study

Protea Hotels plan to put up an ultra modern lodge in the Chiawa GMA. In view of the nature
and magnitude of the project being proposed; more specially that the proposed site falls
within a GMA whose inherent ecosystems are considered fragile, the laws of Zambia through
the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act (EPPCA), CAP 204 of the Laws of
Zambia demands full compliance to the provisions of the Environmental Impact Assessment
Regulations of 1997 prior to approval and development of any investment of such a nature
regardless of their eminent and positive socio-economical attributes and values.
In an effort to comply with the requirements of ECZ and EPPCA, the developer produced an
Environmental Project Brief (EPB) for the proposed area. Having received an EPB from
Protea Hotels, ECZ decided and directed that the proposed project be subjected to the full EIA
process. In compliance to ECZ’s decision and recommendation for the same, Protea Hotels
contracted Binary Solutions, a business and environmental management consultancy company
based in Lusaka to conduct the said EIA.
This EIA therefore seeks to identify the impacts, both positive and negative and mitigation
measures which may result from such a development and ensure that a balance between the
proposed development, surrounding ecosystem and the general environment is sought so that

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envisaged development is not accomplished to the detriment of the physical and/or biological
environment or vice-versa.
The objective of this EIA therefore is to examine impacts on ecological units, ecological
processes and socio-economic facets of the project, with emphasis on impacts on physical,
biological and socio-economical facets.
The more detailed objectives of the EIA are:
• To ensure that environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and incorporated

into the development and decision making process;
• To anticipate, avoid, minimize or offset significant biophysical, cultural and socio-
economical impacts of the development proposal;
• To protect the productivity and capacity of ecosystems and the ecological processes
which maintain their functions; and
• To promote development that is sustainable and optimizes resource use and
management opportunities.
1.4 EIA Approach and Methodology

The approach and methodology used in the execution of the EIA for Lower Zambezi project
can be categorized as follows:-
• Planning meetings – Protea Hotels and Binary Solutions

• Preliminary consultations
• Desk studies
• Scoping and public consultative meeting
• Development of the ToRs
• Project site visitation and surveillance
• Data/information collection including field visit
• Analysis and identification of impacts and mitigations
• Documentation/Report writing
• Disclosure consultative meeting
• Review of findings and report finalisation
1.4.1 Planning meeting

The consultant (Binary Solutions Ltd) and Protea Hotels held a number of closed door
meetings to discuss various aspects and logistics relating to pre-project activities and
development plans in the Lower Zambezi. These meetings culminated into a series of
programs and plans towards the development of an EPB and subsequently the EIA, and this
report as the final output.
1.4.2 Preliminary consultations

Preliminary consultations through discussions with various government authorities and
traditional leaders were conducted. These meetings were mainly held during the preliminary
impact assessment process when the environmental project brief for the project was being
developed. Discussions were also carried out with stakeholders such as the Ministry of Lands,
Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) through the office of the Manager for Tourism
Development and Marketing, Kafue District Council and Environmental Council of Zambia.

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Further consultations with the ECZ led to the aforementioned directing that a more detailed
study namely Environmental Impact Assessment be conducted for the project due to the area
being ecologically sensitive as a result of its location in a game management area.
The questions and issues raised by various stakeholders during the process have been taken into
consideration in the development of this EIS and form a part of inputs in the environmental
management and mitigation plan.
In the process, PHZ endeavoured to increase the scope of consultations to encompass all
government and private stakeholders and institutions in order to ensure that the project and the
EIA met all legal and institutional laws and guidelines aimed at mitigating perceived negative
impacts.
Institutions namely ECZ, Zambia National Tourist Board (ZNTB), National Tourism Council of
Zambia (NTCZ), the Chiyaba Royal Establishment, Ministry of Tourism Environment and
Natural Resources ( MTENR), National Heritage and Conservation Commission (NHCC) and
the National Council for Construction (NCC) have been consulted in the EIA process.
1.4.3 Site Reconnaissance Survey

A project site reconnaissance survey was also conducted in the Lower Zambezi National Park
effective 3rd-4th March 2009. This followed completion of negotiations with Protea Hotels for
the carrying out a full EIA for development of a Lodge on the banks of the Zambezi River in
Lower Zambezi National Park. The reconnaissance survey team comprised representatives of
the Consultant- Binary Solutions, Protea Hotels, Shelter Designs, Chieftainess Chiyaba,
ZAWA, Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry (MCTI) and ECZ. The primary objective
of the survey was to appreciate the biophysical environment and challenges of the EIA for the
proposed project.
1.4.4 Desk Study

The EIA team devoted time to literature review of various documents with relevant
information on the Lower Zambezi and Chieftainess Chiawa’s area. Various reports,
newsletters and journals, academic works and plans were reviewed. Amongst those reviewed
were:
• NRCF Newsletters
• Chiawa Game Management Area Land Use Plan
• Legislation and Acts on Environment
• Kafue District Profile/ Situation Analysis Report
• National Adaptation Program of Action
• National Policy on Environment
• Management Effectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas
1.4.5 Scoping and public consultation

In order to collect and analyze information in a participatory manner and ensure that members
of the public and all relevant stakeholders in the project area were involved in the
development process of the facility, a public consultative meeting was organized by Protea
Hotels in conjunction with Binary Solutions. Besides collecting preliminary information, the
meeting was also aimed at getting views of members of the public on matters relating to the

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development of the lodge. This meeting was held on Saturday, 18th April, 2009 at Chiawa
Basic School from 10:55hrs to 14:35hrs. Participants were invited to the meeting through
letters, email, press advertisements, (Appendix 4) and by traditional channels of
communication through the Chiyaba Royal Establishment.
It was the intention of the meeting to collect views of the community and include them into
the scope of work or ToRs for the EIA study.
The meeting attracted a total of 132 participants from various key stakeholders institutions
such as local and central government departments, traditional leadership, non governmental
organizations, community based organizations, the business community and other institutions.
Notable individuals present included Chieftainess Chiyaba, the District Commissioner for
Kafue and the Kafue District Council Town Clerk. Others included representatives from
ECZ,, ZAWA, Protea Hotels, Union Gold, Chiawa Community Resource Board Members,
Lower Zambezi Conservation Trust (LZCT), Community Residents Development Committee
and members of the local community. A detailed list of participants is included in Appendix
5.
Salient points and issues which arose during this meeting and which the meeting wanted to
see incorporated into the EIA and the general development of the Lower Zambezi Lodge were
hinged on:
• Limitations and/or inadequate benefits of existing developments accruing to the

community
• Employment to local people vis-à-vis remunerations/conditions of service
• Staff accommodation vis-à-vis HIV/AIDS
• Chiawa GMA Plan and its provisions
• Submissions by participants on pertinent environmental issues
• Road infrastructure development
• Practicalities of availing national grid electricity to the site
• Solid waste and liquid waste disposal
• Support to community projects as a gesture of good will.
• Establishment of a protected area in Chiawa East GMA under the Reclassification and
Effective Management of National Protected Areas System (REMNPAS)
• Chiawa Leaseholders Association vis-à-vis proposed project scale and nature
• Corporate social responsibilities.
Appendix 5 are minutes giving detailed proceedings of the scoping meeting while Appendix 8
are written submissions.
1.4.6 Development of the ToRs

In accordance with the requirements of the EPPCA and EIA Regulations, PHZ was required to
submit Terms of Reference (ToRs) for the EIA for the Project to ECZ for review and approval.
The main objectives of the ToRs were to ensure that the proposed project and its EIA addressed
all environmental and socio-economic impacts and concerns inherent in the Lodge project.
The ToRs for the assignment were drawn up taking into consideration EIA Guidelines and
results of public consultation meetings. The EIA study was thus guided by these TORs
(Appendix 1) which were approved by ECZ.

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1.4.7 Field Survey, Data Collection, Analysis and Report Compilation

The consultancy team visited the project site for a period of 4 days from 13th June to 16th June
2009. The purpose of the visit to the site was to:
• Conduct a socio economic investigation on matters surrounding the envisaged

development
• Assess the potential socio-economic and environmental impact of the project from
local community and stakeholders point of view
• Collect and analyze information missing from literature;
• Verify and/or ground truth information collected from secondary and/or primary
sources – a triangulation process.
The main focus of the field survey was on information pertaining to:
• Social attributes of the people – ethnicity, culture and traditions

• Social amenities in the area
• Economic activities and potentials
• Demography and settlement patterns
• Biological environment – typical vegetation, ecology and associated threats
• Physical environment – soils, land uses, landscapes, water sources and availability
and associated practices and threats
• Other tourism potentials – heritage sites and sites of archaeological importance
• Environmental impact from community perspectives.
This information was collected and analysed using various tools which, among others,
included the following:
• Maps – both scientific and those based on IKS

• Transect walks and observations
• Sampling
• Key informant interviews
• Focused group discussions
During analysis of information at desk and field levels, emphasis was placed on:
• Identification of project impacts, both positive and negatives impacts

• Assessment of the magnitude and significance of identified impacts
• Identification of mitigation measures and/or changes deemed necessary
• Formulation of an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
The analysed data was then compiled into a Draft EIA report
1.4.8 Disclosure meeting

The Disclosure Meeting for the Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi Lodge EIA process took place
on 30th July 2009 at the Chiawa Courthouse Grounds in Chiawa Central. The meeting which
started about 11:00 hrs and ended at 15:15 hours attracted close to 200 participants from the

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local community, government officials, officials from Kafue and Siavonga District Councils,
political and traditional leaders, the business community and NGOs.
The meeting reviewed management’s proposed interventions for addressing key issues of
concern that constituted the EIA study TORs. Among key issues were job creation and
improved salaries and conditions of service, improved socio-economic wellbeing of the
people of Chiawa, improved infrastructure, safety of workers and guests, impacts on the
biophysical environment more especially Samango monkeys and elephants. The size of the
development (72 rooms) was also raised as an issue of concern by some stakeholders together
with issues such as potential increase in crime, waste disposal.
Biophysical impacts cited included disturbance to the area’s ecosystem including flora and
fauna; increase in soil erosion with potential to cause siltation in the river; potential pollution
from various materials that will be used; increased interaction between people and animals;
noise disturbance during construction; increase in road traffic compared to current levels with
potential for high wildlife road kills.
Negative socio-economic impacts expected included;
• Potential for work hazards (accidents, etc)
• Social conflicts arising from interaction between people of different backgrounds and
lifestyles
• Increased interaction among workers leading to the spread of HIV/AIDS
Positive socio-economic impacts identified included:
• Infrastructural developments;
• Overall increased levels of development
• Overall increased business opportunities
• Employment opportunities with competitive salaries (source of livelihood)
• Competitiveness among operators in the area
• Promotion of culture of the Goba people.
• Overall improvement of the area.
The key positive biophysical impact identified was enhanced conservation of wildlife through
payment of fees to ZAWA and donations to other conservation organizations which would go
to the protection of wildlife in the area.
A number of mitigation measures were proposed to mitigate identified negative impacts and
these included:
• Prevention of soil erosion and compaction by confining movement of heavy plant
machinery and equipment to designated roads and paths, and planting of vegetation in
disturbed areas as well as limiting earthworks to dry season. In addition, areas within the
plot that are less vegetated will be selected for infrastructure development which would
be limited to 5% of the total area.
• Protection of drainage channels by stone pitching or planting grass to minimize erosion
and siltation of the river
• Proper management of polluting materials, e.g. fuels, oils, chemicals and adequate
contingency measures for cleanup of any spills
• Enhanced sanitation including heightened sensitization on hygiene and sanitation,
provision of proper toilet facilities away from sensitive sites such as water sources and
provision of solid waste receptacles with a sustainable system of final waste disposal.
Septic tanks would be set up to treat waste water; the effluent would then be discharged

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into a soak away system. Construction workers would use pit latrines which would be
situated at least 60 meters away from the river.
• Sensitization and awareness on noise pollution including restricted construction work
hours to limit noise to day time only
• Avoiding unnecessary clearing of vegetation and disturbance to non target construction
areas
• Protection of river banks by designating a no soil disturbance and vegetation clearance
area
• Enhanced re-vegetation and landscaping exercise for disturbed areas.
The key measures for mitigating negative socio-economic and cultural impacts include;
• Provision of information and awareness creation on STI and HIV/AIDS prevention and
management together with provision of social security systems for affected employees.
• Enhanced security measures within and around the lodge premises and the community
• Awareness creation on the need to avoid feeding monkeys and other wild animals as a
preventive measure for monkeys from scavenging from bins and stealing from people.
• Observance and strict enforcement of all safety rules at place of work, during
construction and through operation of the lodge including adequate orientation and
signage for all potential safety risk areas.
• Provision of first aid facilities
• Enhanced awareness on environmental conservation and pollution control, e.g. strict
enforcement of the need for the waste to be disposed of in provided receptacles. Also to
ensure final disposal of wastes is at designated sites which are endorsed by both ECZ
and the local council.
• Support to the local authorities in the provision of social services such as education and
health facilities.
While consensus was reached on interventions proposed to mitigate most issues of concern
raised a few issues drew mixed feelings and consensus could not be reached. These included:
• The safety of Samango monkeys
• Potential disturbance to animal corridors especially elephants
• Size of the development project
Detailed information on the proceedings of the meeting are contained in Appendix 5.
142.9 Review of Findings and report Finalisation
Stakeholder comments and suggestion presented at the Disclosure meeting with regard to the
draft EIA report and overall project implementation were reviewd and incorporated in
finalising the EIA report herein referred to as the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

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CHAPTER 2: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
In developing the Lower Zambezi Lodge Project, Protea Hotels (Zambia) Ltd intend to take
into consideration all Zambia’s legal and institutional provisions relating to the environment,
natural resource use and all those relevant to sustainable and holistic development. Below are
captions of the relevant ones which the project developer has studied, and taken into
consideration in the development of this EIA report and would continuously refer to during
and after project development.
2.1 Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act, 1990
The Act provides for the creation of the Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ), which is
given mandate to do all such things as are necessary to protect the environment and control
pollution so as to provide for the health and welfare of persons, animals, plants and the
environment. Among other things, the ECZ is charged with the responsibility of co-
coordinating the activities of all ministries and other bodies concerned with the protection of
the environment.
2.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations
The Regulations provide for and demands that a developer shall not implement a project for
which a project brief or an environmental impact statement is required under the EIA
Regulations, unless the project brief or an environmental impact assessment has been
concluded in accordance with the Regulations and the Council has issued a Decision Letter.
The Regulations further provides schedules outlining applications and circumstances under
which EIA apply together with detailed guidance on procedures to be followed in EIA
implementation.
Relevance: Establishment and operation of the proposed lodge falls under a project category
requiring the preparation of an Environemntal Impact Statement (EIS), hence the relevance.
Compliance thereof: This EIS is being prepared in compliance with the above legal
provision
2.1.2 Air Pollution Control Regulations , 1996

A piece of regulation under the EPPCA, cited as the Air Pollution Control (Licensing and
Emission Standards) Regulations, 1996. It is a regulation issued and aimed at ensuring public
health and safety through the provision of guidelines for emission control and assessment of
the quality of ambient air in order to safeguard the general health, safety or welfare of
persons, animal life, plant life or property affected by the workers, industrial or business
activities undertaken by any operator.
Relevance: The Regulations are not relevant to the project in that the project will not
involve discharge of appreciable pollutants into the ambient air. However, the provisions will
be complied with in future should need arise for disposal of waste by incineration.

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2.1.3 Hazardous Waste Management Regulations,2001
As part of the EPPCA, The Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (Statutory Instrument
No. 125 of 2001) applies to the control and monitoring of generation, collection, storage,
transportation, pre-treatment, treatment, disposal, export, import and trans-boundary
movement of hazardous waste. However, this regulation does not apply to domestic waste
and/or non-hazardous waste.
Relevance: Implementation of the proposed project will involve generation of some

hazardous wastes such as used oil from vehicle servicing and this will require management in
compliance with the provisions of the Regulations.
Compliance thereof: All hazardous wastes to be generated will be managed in compliance

with the provisions of the Regujlations
2.1.4 Water Pollution Control Regulations, 1993

Like other Regulations under the EPPCA Act, this piece of legislation is cited as the Water
Pollution Control (Effluent and Waste Water) Regulations, Statutory instrument No.72 of
1993. The Regulations provide measures and controls on discharge of effluents and water
pollutants into the aquatic environment in order to ensure public health and protection of the
ecosystems. The Regulations provide rules pertaining to matters of access to aquatic
environment vis-à-vis licensing for discharge of waste water/effluent and/or withdraw of
water for treatment of effluent.
Relevance: The Regulations are relevant in that sewage will be disposed via septic tank and
soak-away system with potential to pollute the ground water system.
Compliance thereof: All discharged sewage will be treated to render it safe for disposal via
soak-away system.
2.1.5 The Waste Management (Licensing of Transporters of Wastes and Waste Disposal
Sites) Regulations, 1993
The Regulations require that anyone transporting waste or operating a waste disposal facility
should obtain a license from the Environmental Council of Zambia and comply with the
conditions of the license.
Relevance: The Regulations are relevant to the proposed project in that it will involve
generation of waste of domestic and commercial nature that will need to be disposed of in an
environmentally friendly manner.
Compliance thereof: Protea Hotels will manage all wastes generated in compliance with the
provisions of the Regulations including acquisition of a license for operation of a disposal site
in the event that such a facility will not be provided by the Kafue District Council.
2.2 Other relevant pieces of legislation
2.2.1 Public Health Act, 1930

The Act provides for the prevention and suppression of diseases and general regulations of all
matters connected with public health in the country.

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Relevance: The Act is relevant to the project as it will involve hosting large groups of people
together with provision of services with potential to cause sanitary hazards which will require
to be managed in compliance with the provisions of the Act.
Compliance thereof: The operation will comply with the provisions of the Act in keeping
acceptable sanitary conditions.
2.2.2 Local Government Act, 1991
The Act provides for the establishment of Councils in districts, the function of local
authorities and the local government system. Some of these functions relate to pollution
control, waste management and the protection of the environment in general.
Relevance: The Act is relevant as the project under discussion falls under the jurisdiction of
the Kafue District Council whose requirements under the Act including pollution matters will
have to be complied with.
Compliance thereof: This EIS is aimed at putting in place measures to ensure compliance
with the provisions of the Act.
2.2.3 The Tourism Act

Enacted in 1979 and amended in 1985, the Act provides for the control of tourism enterprises.
The Act, though making no direct reference to environmental protection, does provide for
appeals against authorization of tourism projects, which are deemed to negatively affect
Zambian tourism, which is natural resource based.
Relevance: The regulations are relevant in that the project is tourism based
Compliance thereof: Operation of the lodge will not affect tourism in any negative way but
instead will enhance the Zambian Tourism industry. Management will ensure compliance to
the regulations set out in the Act and the proposed EIS puts up measures in which this will be
done.
2.2.4 National Heritage Conservation Commission Act, 1986

Provides for the conservation of Ancient, Cultural and Natural heritage, relics and other
objects of aesthetic, historical, pre-historical, archaeological or scientific interest and value.
The Act provides for the regulation of archaeological excavations and export of relics.
Relevance: The Act is relevant to the project in that although no findings of heritage nature
have been discovered at the specific project site thus far, the provisions of the Act will need to
be complied with should any such findings be discovered in the course of project
implementation.
Compliance thereof: The National Heritage Conservation Commission will be informed of
any suspected heritage findings on site. Further all tourists visiting identified heritage sites
will be guided to ensure protection of the same.

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2.2.5 The Zambezi River Authority Act
Signed in 1987, the Act provides for the interstate agreement between Zambia and Zimbabwe
relating to the utilization of the Zambezi River
Relevance: The Act is relevant in that the project is located on the part of the Zambezi River
shared with Zimbabwe and will also be utilizing the river for such activities as abstraction of
water for use, boating and oother leisure activities all which will require to comply with the
provisions of the Act.
Compliance thereof: All activities involving use of the Zambezi Riuver will be done in
compliance with the provisions of the Act.
2.2.6 The Town and Country planning Act

The Act came into force in 1962 and provides for the appointment of planning authorities
whose main responsibilities are the preparation, approval and revocation of development
plans. It also provides for the control of development and subdivision of land. The Act does
not however apply to Trust land, Reserve land and Mining Areas – areas falling under
regional plans.
Relevance: The project will be implemented within the Kafue District Council’s area of
jurisdiction and hence the need for the Council to endorse the project.
Compliance thereof: Planning permission for the project has been sought from Kafue
District Council and the Council has issued a “no objection” to project implementation.
Further, building plans will be lodged to the Council and the Provincial Planning Authority
for approval before commencing works on the ground.
2.2.7 Land Conversion of titles Act (1975)

The Land Conversion of Titles Act was enacted in 1975 and amended in 1990. The Act
provides for the alienation, transfer, disposition and charge of land. Although the Act does not
refer to matters of conservation this Act is important in that land is one of the basic natural
resources and an important factor of production. The Act also provides for compulsory
acquisition of land by the president whenever he is of the opinion that it is desirable of
expedient to do so in the interest of the Republic.
Relevance: The Act is relevant to the project in that the project site has been alienated under
tittle to Protea Hotels Zambia Limited on a 99 year leasehold and the provisions of the Act
will need to be complied with.
2.2.8 Fisheries Act (1974)

Enacted in 1974, the Act provides for the development of commercial fishing, control of
fishing and the registration of fishermen and boats.
Relevance: The Act is relevant to the project in that one of the tourist activities to be offered
is sport fishing and this will require to comply with the provisions of the Act.
Compliance thereof: All sport fishing activities will be conducted in compliance with the
provisions of the Act.

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2.2.9 The Zambia Wildlife Authority Act (1998)
The act provides for the conservation and management of ecosystems to preserve nature
against the impacts of man and his activities.
The Act also regulates the type and extent of tourism activities that may be permitted in a
National park or Game Management Area Settings.
Relevance: The Regulations are relevant in that the project will be implemented in a
designated GMA which is governed by the provisions of the Act.
Compliance thereof: The proposed EIS is aimed at putting in place measures to regulate
project implementation in compliance with the Act.
2.2.10 Forest Act, 1973

Enacted in 1974, the Act repealed the Forest Act (Cap 311) of the laws of Zambia. It provides
for the establishment and management of National and local forests, conservation and
protection of forest and trees, and licensing and sale of forest products.
Relevance: The Regulations are relevant in that the project will involve clearing of trees (a
resource governed by the provisions of the Act) to pave way for construction works.
Compliance thereof: The provisions of the Act will be complied with in undertaking all
project activities.
2.2.11 The Inland Waters Shipping Act (CAP 466 of the Laws of Zambia)
The Inland Waters Shipping Act (CAP 466) provides for the survey, registration and safety of
certain vessels used on inland waters of Zambia, for the safety of passengers and cargo, for
the competency of masters and crews and for matters incidental thereto. The Act further
provides for the appointment of persons as surveyors or registrar of vessels or as surveyors
and registrar of vessels and confers all powers and duties necessary for the successful
administration and or enforcement of the Act.
Relevance: The Regulations are relevant in that the proposed project involves use of vessels
prescribed under the Act.
Compliance thereof: Management will ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act in
implementing the project.
2.3 International and Regional Conventions

Zambia has through ratifications become a party to a number of international and regional
conventions aimed at addressing environmental concerns. It is a requirement that all projects
implemented in Zambia subscribe to and support government in fulfilling its obligations to
the Agreements. Key Conventions relevant to the project in this regard include:

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2.3.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The UNFCCC has over 190 states that have both signed and ratified the convention (including
the United States of America). All the parties to the convention meet annually at a conference
of parties (COP) to review progress in the implementation of the convention, which in
essence is a commitment to the reduction and mitigation of emissions.
Zambia adopted the Convention in June 1992 and ratified it in March 1993. The Convention
calls on all parties to among other things; address the issue of greenhouse gas emissions and
to develop appropriate adaptation measures.
2.3.2 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

The Convention was adopted in 1994 and signed by Zambia in the year 1994.
The objective of the Convention is to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of
drought in countries experiencing serious drought and/ or desertification, particularly sub
Sahara Africa.
2.3.3 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity

The convention was adopted in 1992 and Zambia ratified and signed the convention in May
1993.
The objective of the Convention hinges on conservation of biological diversity, sustainable

use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use
of genetic resources. The Convention was adopted in 1992.
Biological diversity is important for ecological balance, economic benefits, scientific

advancement, cultural preservation and technological development. Zambia has rich
biological diversity comprising various species of plants, reptiles, mammals, amphibians,
birds, fish and insects. However, the country has lost massive biodiversity leading to the
extinction of some species of animals and plants because of deterioration in conservation
practices and lack of monitoring and enforcement of the laws.
Among other measures, parties to the Convention should introduce environmental impact
assessment requirements for proposed projects that have a likelihood of adverse effects on
biodiversity, and take mitigation measures to address risks and effects.
2.3.4 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance

The Convention was adopted in 1971 and Zambia signed it in 1991. Its objective centers on
conservation of wetlands and their protection from destruction and loss.
Wetlands are known to have significant economic, cultural, scientific and recreational value
and their loss would be irreparable. They are important for their functions of water retention,
recharge, and filter and as regulators of floods, and for being habitats for unique species of
plants and animals, especially waterfowl.
Wetlands are also important as centres of economic activities such as agriculture, fishing,
livestock grazing and handcrafts. Wetlands in Zambia are threatened by degradation resulting
from human settlements, drainage for agriculture, construction of dams, fires, waste disposal
and destruction of vegetation.

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Among other measures, parties to the Convention need to continue with the identification and
designation of suitable wetlands within their territories for inclusion in the List. In this regard,
countries need to take into account conservation, management and wise use of territory stocks
of waterfowl. The same consideration applies to decisions to vary boundaries of listed
wetlands.
In Zambia, Lochnivar National Park in Kafue Flats, Chikuni in Bangweulu basin and
Lukanga Swamp have all been listed as sites of international importance.
2.3.5 Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural heritage

The Convention was adopted in 1975 and Zambia signed it 9 years later in 1984.
The objective of the Convention is to identify and protect cultural and natural heritage
property of world value from the point view of science, conservation or aesthetic properties or
beauty.
Its main principle is the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission
of future generations of cultural and natural heritage.
Selected heritage properties are entered in the World Heritage List on the basis of guidelines
set by the World Heritage Committee. In Zambia, so far, only the Victoria Falls, one of the
seven wonders of the world, which is shared with Zimbabwe, has so far been listed.
Other relevant conventions are:
(1) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,
(2) International Plant Protection Convention,
(3) Stockholm Convention (Persistent Organic pollutants),
(4) Statutes for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources,
(5) African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, ,
(6) Agreement on the Action Plan for the Environmentally Sound Management of the
Common Zambezi River System,

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CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Project Description
Protea Hotel’s development plan in the Lower Zambezi hinge on the development of an ultra
modern Lodge complex comprising a one storey infrastructure to house the central facilities, 6
x 2 storey accommodation blocks, a parking lot, a mooring area, a swimming pool and
management of open areas in their natural state. The central facilities shall occupy 1,667
square meters while accommodation blocks would take up 426.12 square meters of the
available space. The parking lots would take up 1,883.8 square meters of the total area.
The total land acquired by Protea Hotels for the purpose of the proposed lodge development
measures 12.36 hectares. The proposed development would therefore take up 6,515 square
meters (about 5% of available space) of the western side of the site, with the rest of the area
measuring 117,131 square meters (95%) being left in its natural state.
3.1.1 Accommodation
Six (6) 2-storey building blocks each consisting of 12 self contained luxurious rooms would
be constructed. The rooms would be built to high standards befitting a 5 star-hotel. Despite
being permanent structures, the 2-storey accommodation blocks like all other structures to be
built on site have been professionally designed to blend into the natural surrounding and
causing the least visual impact to the area, the vegetation and surroundings. Besides positive
environmental consideration, the 2-storey blocks and rooms will be built en suite with a wide
view of the surrounding environment. Figures 1 and 2 below present the projected front and
back views of the facility with detailed plans contained in Appendix 3.
Figure 1: Accomodation Block (Front View)

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Figure 2: Accomodation Block (Back View)
Each room will be air conditioned with a self contained bathroom, a television set, telephones,
internet access, high quality furniture and a verandah with beautiful chairs befitting a tourist
spot and Lodge.
3.1.2 Central Facilities

The central amenities building will include;
• A luxurious bar;
• Luxury dining rooms;
• Fully equipped conference centre;
• A modern kitchen;
• Reception areas; and
• Verandas.
Figure 2 below is a layout of central facilities while detailed building plans are contained in
Appendix 3.

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Figure 3: Floor Layout Plan for Central Amenties

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3.1.3 Swimming Pool

A standard swimming pool measuring 15m by 10m with endless rim will be constructed.
3.1.4 Parking Lot and Mooring Area

As it is anticipated that tourist would access the Lodge either by road or water via vehicles
and boats respectively, a parking lot with a capacity of 40 cars would therefore be
constructed in addition to a mooring area. While a parking lot would be constructed near
the Lodge’s central facilities, a secured mooring area would be setup along the Zambezi
river bank.
3.1.5 Walkways
Walkways shall be 1.0m wide1 and shall be finished in concrete interlocking pavement.
3.1.6 Natural Surrounding/parks

Approximately 5% of the project site would be used for the development of the
hospitality facility with over 117,131 square meters left in its natural state. Apart from the
proposed infrastructure project coupled with tourism, no other projects and/or
construction works of any type would be undertaken at this piece of land.
3.2 Infrastructure development

3.2.1 Equipment
Infrastructural development or construction works vis-à-vis activities will be undertaken
using a number of assorted plant and equipment. Table 1 below provides an indication of
equipment to be used on site.
Table 1: Plant and equipment

ITEM EQUIPMENT QUANTITY (MAX)
1 Excavator 2
2 Front End Loader 2
3 Dumper 1
4 Tipper Truck 3
5 Vibrator 2
6 Concrete Mixer 2
7 Concrete vibrator 2
8 Crane 1
9 Generator 1
Other tools will include hammers, shovels and spades, hand picks, trowels, levels,
carpentry and joinery tools, etc.
3.2.2 Raw Materials

The development of Lower Zambezi Protea Lodge would require assorted types and
quantities of building materials including concrete blocks, burnt bricks, timber/wooden
materials, roofing sheets, timber, glass, paint, sand, laterite, aggregate stones, cement, iron
bars, electrical and plumbing materials, nails, screws, etc.
1
Dimensions provided for in the GMA management plans.

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3.3 Project Implementation Stages and Activities
The process leading to final development of the project would be organized under four
main processes and stages namely: preparatory and tendering processes, organizing for
project implementation, contract appraisal and awarding of contracts and supervision of
physical works.
3.3.1 Preparatory And Tendering Phase

This includes field baseline surveys (reconnaissance visits, surveys, collection of data and
analysis of data, etc), preparing improvements plans (preparing of technical specification,
local maps and standard cross sections for works to be carried out and calculations of
quantities), and preparation of tender documents.
This process involves invitation to tender, making tender documents available to

registered contractors, organizing pre-tender site visits, issuing tender notices, receipt and
opening of tenders, tender evaluation, contract negotiations and awarding of tenders.
3.3.2 Approval and Awarding of Contracts

This process entails obtaining performance bond were applicable, insurance of work and
workers, giving notice to contractor to take possession of site, obtaining contractors work
program, and mobilization of staff, workers and equipment.
3.3.3 Arranging for implementation of project

This process involves giving notices to the contractor to commence work, liaising and
reporting to the client and liaising with contractors on the work program and mobilization
of staff, workers and equipment.
3.3.4 Supervision of Physical Works

This involves routine monitoring of work progress, application of conditions of contract,
enforcement of specifications, measuring of works with the contractors, quality control in
form of materials testing, certification of work done, preparation of interim payment
certificates, control of materials and equipment on site, issuing of site instructions and
variation orders and settlement of disputes (arbitration, conciliation, etc).
3.4 Construction Phase Activities

The development process of the project constitute the Planning and Preparation phase,
construction phase and operational phase.
3.4.1 Preparation Phase

Key activities during this project phase will involve land clearing to make the site ready
for construction, mobilisation of construction equipment and materials and staff
mobilisation.
• Staff Mobilisation: Project activities during this phase will involve advertising of
available jobs using both the public media and traditional communication systems
such as informing headmen through the Chiyaba Royal Establishment on
availability of vacancies. Protea Management will work closely with the
Headman responsible for the area together with the Labour Office and the Royal
Establishment in ensuring that the right people are employed and also to ensure

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that preference is given to local people in employment. As a matter of principle,
outside labour will only be sourced where the required skills are not locally
available.
• Mobilisation of Construction Equipment and Materials: A number of equipment

and materials will be used in the construction of the lodge. Equipment to be used will
include concrete mixers, graders, excavators, front end loaders, tippers, wheel
barrows, scaffolds, etc. Materials will include building, paving and facing blocks,
cement, conforce wire, river sand, laterite, building sand, fracstone, water and paint,
timber for beams, rafters and window frames, pressed steel for external door frames,
poles, wires and thatching grass for roofing, bolts and nuts for fastening poles, tiles,
paint, glass for windows, electrical and plumbing fittings. Others will include steel
bars, steel rods and pipes, iron roofing sheets, timber, floor tiles, glass, galvanized
pipes, plumbing and electrical equipment, etc.
Materials such as sand and stones will be sourced locally while cement and other
hardware materials will be sourced in Lusaka or abroad depending on availability and
pricing.
Laterite, building and river sand will be mined locally after acquisition of appropriate
authorisations from the Kafue District Council and the Department of Mines and
Minerals Development. Suitable sites will be identified for location of burrow pits for
laterite mining while building and river sand will be quarried from dry river beds in
the area where the resource is abundant.
All mined burrow pits will be rehabilitated after use. Rehabilitation works will
involve profiling of slopes to make them safe and stable. Other activities will involve
restoration of compatible landuse capability e.g. by planting vegetation as appropriate.
Care will be taken on mining in river beds to ensure minimal disturbance of river
banks and enhance stability. Further, sand traps will be constructed across disturbed
river beds to help in trapping sand as a strategy for minimising river siltation.
• Land Clearing: Land clearing will involve selective cutting of trees and removal of
vegetation. As a matter of principle, cutting of trees above 30cm in diameter at breast
height will be avoided. Other activities will involve slope profiling and leveling in
readiness for foundation works. Top soil removed during this process will be
stockpiled for later use in landscaping activities.
3.4.2 Construction Phase

The actual construction of the whole components of the proposed Lower Zambezi Lodge
will take place in the construction phase over an estimated period of eighteen (18)
months. Construction activities will generally comprise of construction of access road
and internal roads within the project area, land clearing, removal and stockpiling of the
top soil around the foundation and other construction areas, digging and earthworks to
prepare foundations, compacting of foundations, setting of concrete footing/basements,
setting and erection of block walls, partitioning, roofing, painting, installation of fittings
and landscaping.

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Specific activities will be as follows:
• Construction of the main building comprising reception areas, a luxurious bar,

luxury dining rooms, fully equipped conference centre, a modern kitchen and
verandas will involve digging of foundations, mixing and pouring in of concrete,
raising of walls, roofing, plastering and painting. The foundations will be cast in
concrete slab and perfectly finished with tiles; walls will be built using concrete
blocks and finished in plaster and paint. Other activities will involve plumbing,
wiring and electrification, installation of fittings including windows, doors, toilet
facilities, shelves, etc.
• Putting up a standard sized swimming pool. The 15m by 10m pool will be
constructed using concrete blocks and cement. Finishing will be done in tiles and
water resistant paint;
• Construction of Sewerage Disposal Facilities: A septic tank and soak-away
system will be constructed for disposal of waste water from the toilet and hand
basin. The septic tank will be constructed using concrete blocks and plastered to
an impermeable finish. Details are contained in Appendix 3
• Landscaping: The outside of the buildings and gardens will be landscaped with
appropriate plants to enhance aesthetic beauty and a calm environment.
• Installation of fire fighting facilities: Fire fighting facilities will comprise sand
buckets and portable fire extinguishers in conformity with Kafue District Council
requirements.
• Installation of Fittings and Furnishing: Once construction works are completed
fittings such as air conditioners, gysers, laundry and kitchen equipment,
communication facilities, etc will be installed together with furnishing of
accommodation units, reception areas, etc in readiness for hosting guests,
As alluded to in 3.2.1, these activities will be undertaken using assorted plant and
equipment which among others would include; excavators, front end loaders, tippers,
concrete mixers, cranes and assorted hand tools such as spades, shovels, axes and picks.
With due consideration to the environment and sensitivity of the proposed site, all soils to
be removed from the foundation and construction area will be piled for reuse in
regeneration activities
3.4.3 Operation Phase

This phase is when the construction of the proposed Lower Zambezi is completed,
commissioned and/or opened to the general public. Specific activities will comprise of:
• Marketing of the developed products and services both locally and internationally;
• Conference services involving provision of meeting facilities and other logistical
requirements such as secretarial services;.
• Banquet services involving preparation and serving of meals and beverages to
clients;
• Linking up with other tourism operators and provision of information on tourist
attractions and destinations in Zambia;
• Procurement of food stuffs, beverages, toiletries and other goods needed for daily
maintenance of the facility;
• Cleaning of rooms and surroundings to maintain a high standard of hygiene and
cleanliness;

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• Preventive maintenance to ensure all the infrastructure and facilities are in a good
state of repair;
• Landscaping and maintenance of grounds to keep the gardens, water ways and
ponds in an elegant and tranquil state.
3.5 Project Alternatives

A number of alternatives were considered for realising the project objectives. As a
standard practice, the “No project alternative” was also considered.
3.5.1 “Without Project” Alternative – Option 1

In the event that the proposed development is not allowed to take off, socio-economical
benefits and economical gains anticipated from the project would all be lost. Employment
opportunities anticipated from the undertaking would be lost while finances which would
have contributed to the development of the nation through taxes would also not be
realised thereby resulting in a “nil” scenario in development efforts.
A number of multiplier benefits and resultant entrepreneurial establishments that would

have benefited the local people would no longer be within sight of the local people.
In addition, the much anticipated development and growth of the target area, Chiawa,
inclusive of the tourism industry therein would have remained unchanged due to lack of
this additional thrust for the development of the sector and the area as a whole.
Furthermore, all the potential negative environmental and social impacts evaluated in this
EIS would be avoided and the numerous potential positive economic benefits would
neither be reached nor attained. A huge opportunity for positive socio-economic
development would have been lost at a very huge opportunity cost to the country and the
people of both Chiawa and Zambia.
Much as the socio-economic aspects would suffer under this scenario, a number of
biophysical benefits would accrue. Many a potential risk to the environment would be
avoided without the project. This include loss of vegetative cover, disturbance to wildlife
habitat, loss of game through road kills and illegal offtakes, disturbance of the natural
landscape e.g. by creation of voids in the ground through sand and aggregate mining,
water pollution via disposal of effluent. Similarly , a number of negative socio-economic
impacts such as occupational health during site preparation through contruction and
operation, risk of harm from dangerous game such as elephants, hippos and crocodiles,
social despondence and its consequent vices such as HIV/AIDS, etc.
The “without project scenario” was rejected because is not a desirable scenario in this
present era of high poverty levels, globalization challenges and ongoing government
commitments towards the attainment of the millennium development goals.
3.5.2 With Project Alternatives – Option 2

The establishment and development of the proposed project would bring to the fore
numerous socio-economic benefits including the following:
• Employment creation and improved local income within the catchment

• Poverty alleviation

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• Increased public revenues for national and local development projects (taxes,
foreign currency receipts)
• Infrastructure development within the catchment
• Widened multiplier effects leading to economic diversification and
entrepreneurship development at local level.
• Increased support to local development initiatives.
• Enhanced and improved environmental management and protection.
• Increased awareness and promotion of the area and its natural resources. The
development of Protea Lodge in Chiawa would contribute positively towards
marketing the Lower Zambezi as a “tourist’s destination of choice”
Public consultation and discussions with the local leadership, local level government
agencies, some tour operators and members of the general public concluded that the
socio-economic benefits of the project to the communities in the proposed project area
outweigh the “without project” scenario. In fact the community expressed their
disappointments as a result of the delays in starting up a project of such a magnitude. The
project is therefore being recommended for implementation especially in light of
environmental mitigating measures and plans outlined in this report.
3.5.3 Site Alternatives

Implementation of the proposed project considered a number of site locations which
included Gwabi Lodge on the Kafue River and Kaila Site in Chiyaba Central. The
following considerations made the sites less favourable in preference to the Donatini site.
Gwabi Lodge Site: The lodge which is located on the banks of the Kafue River near the
Chiawa Pontoon was considered for purchase when owners put it up for sale. The site
offers many advantages in cost saving as it already has infrastructure in place and is close
to a relatively well maintained road and is equally close to the national electricity grid.
The site was however rejected because it did not offer the conditions needed by the
envisaged Protea hospitality product for the Lower Zambezi Project. The site is located
far away from animal sanctuary and could not offer as many tourist opportunities as the
Donatini site which is located within the GMA and close to the Lower Zambezi National
Park. Further, location of the site on the Kafue River is not as attractive as the one located
on the banks of the mighty Zambezi River and hence its rejection. And finally, the
terrain, topography and structures on site did not match the specific product which Protea
Hotels Group wanted for the area. For example, the Gwabi site is close to Chirundu town
and within easy reach. Such a location makes it less conducive for conferencing settings
which require focussed concentration by delegates as close location to a commercial and
entertainment service would lure delegates to visit Chirundu town thereby missing on
some conference sessions. Further, the availability of telephone networks at Gwabi is
another source of disturbance to conferencing delegates as the temptations to keep the
phones on, answer or send calls would disrupt the smooth conduct of conferences.
Kaila Site in Chiyaba Central: Kaila Lodge offered a site for sale in Chiyaba Central
close to the Palace which was also considered by Protea Hotels. The site is within easy
reach via a well maintained all weather Chiyabaa road and is also within close
accessibility to the national electricity grid supply by ZESCO. Other close by services
include a clinic and retail shops. It is also far away from wildife thereby taking away the

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risk of harm to workers by wildlife and the potential disturbance to wildlife via the site
development activities .
The site was rejected because it did not offer the required tourist attraction required by
Protea Hotels Lodge for its Lower Zambezi project. The site does not have a river
frontage thereby taking away one of the key tourist attractions in boating, leisure cruising,
fishing and the high spirited breeze that a morning or evening on the river frontage offers.
The site is also bare, having been previously farmed and has very scanty vegetation
thereby robbing would be tourists of the wilderness feeling. The site is also far away
from wildlife sanctuary, a condition which equally robs conferencing delegates the
experience of game viewing. All the above factors put together made the site less
conducive in preference to the Donatini site for the proposed tourist product envisaged by
Protea for its Lower Zambezi project.
In summary, the proposed former Donatini Site is the preferred option to Protea Hotels
for the following reasons:
Firstly, the site is located on the frontage of the mighty Zambezi River which form the
southern boundary of the plot. The eastern boundary equally runs along the banks of the
Munyemeshi River. These characteristics make the site attractive for tourism
development. This is because the river is a prime attraction in itself apart from offering
leisure and sporting opportunities such as boat cruising, canoeing, fishing/angling, game
viewing and sunset/sunrise viewing. Almost all desirable land along the Zambezi River
frontage is currently owned by various investors most of whom are both unwilling and
reluctant to sale their parcels of land.
Secondly, the site is located in the designated Special Use Zone (Zone 1) of the Chiawa
GMA General Management Plan where the proposed developments are allowable
(Appendix 2).
Thirdly, the site is located close to the Lower Zambezi National Park (about 10km)
Manapools National Park of Zimbabwe (about 500m across the Zambezi river) and the
proposed Partnership Park (sharing the boundary) making it possible to tap on any of the
tourist attractions offered by the said wildlife sanctuaries.
Lastly, the site is owned by Protea Hotels (Appendix 7) and has title and ready access to
it. Further, the site was previously used for similar purpose thereby presenting limited
planning restrictions.
Other alternative sites considered did not present as many advantages as the Donatini site,
and hence its preference. It should further be noted that the Donatini site was an already
existing site planned and authorised for tourist activities. The site was offered for sale just
like the other two alternative sites and Protea Hotels chose to buy Donatini site which it
now owns.
3.5.4 Development Size Alternative

A number of development options in bed capacity were considered from a maximum of
20 through a maximum of 50 and finally the maximum of 72. Protea is going to Lower
Zambezi with a specific niche of target clientele. In order to position its competitiveness
Protea Hotels reviewed the nature of tourism packages on offer and noted that none of the

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existing lodges offer adequate conferencing facilities. A typical conference would attract
between 20 and 100 guests and hence the choice of the upper limit of 72 rooms to
accommodate a large conference and allow such clients to have a feel of the lower
Zambezi experience.
Other target clienteles are the Zambian guests who wish to take leave and rest from the
stressful city life. Consequently Protea intends to offer a special package to an ordinary
Zambian and give them a chance to enjoy Zambia’s natural heritage. For these reasons
Protea found the lower limit bed capacity development less attractive as it would make it
difficult to offer price incentives to budget guests and, hence, the preference for 72 beds.
Further, the Protea Hotels Group has set a minimum standard of 50 rooms for all its
developments in bed capacity and it is in line with this strategic objective that 72 rooms
were preferred for the proposed site.
3.5.5. Pollution Control Alternative

The single most source of pollution under the proposed project is sewage. Protea has
opted for a septic tank-soak away system because the soils present on site are permeable
enough and equally fine enough to provide the required filtration to limit pollution to the
project site. This option was further preferred to that of creating a mini treatment plant or
maturation ponds because the latter would require large space apart from creating a
conducive environment for mosquitoes due to a large open water body. Further, such a
system would be a sight and odour nuisance to the discomfort of guests apart from
presenting a safety hazard to both humans and animals. Details of the soak away system
to be installed are presented in Appendix 3.
Solid waste would be contained and disposed of at a site and in a manner to be prescribed
by ECZ, ZAWA and the Kafue District Council

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CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL

BASELINE
4.1 Geophysical Environment
4.1.1 General Location
The developments proposed by Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd are targeted on a parcel of land
situated within Chiawa GMA, a GMA which attained its status in 1991. This GMA is
located between the Zambezi – Kafue River confluence in the west and the Zambezi –
Chongwe River confluence to the east (Figure 4).
This GMA is part of a network of protected areas in the Zambezi Valley. It is part of the
Lower Zambezi Management Area Unit (LZAMU), which includes the Lower Zambezi
National Park (LZNP), Luano, Chiawa, and Rufunsa GMAs. The GMA measures
2,344km2 in extent and falls entirely within the boundaries of Kafue district.
Table 2: Size of Chiawa GMA in relation to other protected area in the Zambezi Valley
Protected Area Gazette Description – km2 GIS – km2
Lower Zambezi NP 4 092 4 115

Chiawa GMA 2 344 2 413
Rufunsa GMA 3 179 3 241
Totals 9 615 9 769
Source: LZNP Draft General Management Plan (2007)

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Figure 4: Location Map for Chiawa GMA
4.1.2 Specific Project Site Location

The project site is identified as 10/80M, a site on the banks of Lower Zambezi River, 10
km west of Lower Zambezi National Park, 60 km and 50 km down stream from Chirundu
and the Kafue- Zambezi confluence respectively. The site is 5 km from the Royal
Zambezi airstrip.
The site was formally known as DONATINI CAMP. From the traditional and local
governance point, the site falls within Chieftainess Chiyaba of the Goba people. The
envisaged Lodge facility and development would be sandwiched between Baines Tourist
Camp to the west and Munyemeshi Self Catering camp to the east (across the
Munyemeshi stream). In the southern end the facility would be bordered by the Zambezi
River and Zimbabwe’s Manapool National Park (across the Zambezi River). To the north
of the project site is the Zambezi Escarpment standing nearly 8-10 km away
The site lies on the banks of the Zambezi River and is a site amongst many designated for
development of non consumptive tourism facilities in Chiawa East Game Management
Area. However, lodge insfrastructure will be constructed at a minimum of 52m from the
river bank (Appendix 3). On the basis of zoning and classifications made by ZAWA in
the GMP, the site falls in Zone 1 a special purpose zone and zone designated for the
purpose of promoting Private Public Partnership (PPP) in the conservation of
biodiversity and heritage resources in order to enhance social economic development of
the Chiawa community through Tourism. Figure 5 below depict GMA zoning and
appearance of the proposed site.

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Figure 5: Chiawa GMA Development Zones (left) and Satelite overview of the Chiawa East GMA
4.1.3 Relief and Topography

The topography of Kafue district is dissected by many rivers and streams with steep sloped river/stream banks and valleys. The main geographical
features of the district are the highland/hilly and lowland/flat land areas. The highlands with a high point elevation of 1,247m above sea level cover the
northern and north-eastern parts of the district, with Namafuwa, Musoka and Mphande hills being the highest points to the northeast. From the hills, the
land surface falls rapidly, with slopes of over 30% until reaching lowland areas such as Kafue Flats and Chiawa in the south-eastern part of the district.
These lower areas lie within alttitudes of 300 – 1000 meters above sea level.
Most of the GMA is on lower ground and much of this is inaccessible. The main topographical feature of the area is the Zambezi valley. Unlike the
LZNP, which has three geographic zones including the plateau, Chiawa GMA has two zones – the Valley floor and the escarpment. The escarpment is
aligned in a generally northeast – southwest direction, and is composed of rugged topography with deeply dissected ridges of various heights, ranging on
average from 750 to 1200 m asl. The escarpment forms a complex network of drainage systems flowing downslope.

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Figure 6: The Muchinga Escarpment in the Background (top) and proposed project site (bottom)
The drainage pattern appears to be determined by lines of faults. The rugged nature of the
ridges, dissected by numerous drainage lines, provides spectacular scenery, which is
heightened by panoramic views over the valley floor and Zambezi River.
The valley appears generally flat but elevation varies from about 400 m above sea level (asl)
to 600m asl characterised by terraces of alluvial deposition.
The floor of the valley varies in altitude from 350 m to 640 m above sea level and the
escarpment rises to 1,200 m. above sea level.
The Lower Zambezi and Chiawa GMA, the location of the proposed Lower Zambezi Lodges
lies slightly above 500 meters above sea level.
Though a huge fraction of the total project area is generally flat, the project site proper being
located within proximity of the banks of the Zambezi River is characterised by a gentle slope
skewing south wards at a gradient of slightly less than 10o and eastwards at a gradient of 8o

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before drastically dropping about 1.5 m into the floor bed of the ephemeral Munyemeshi
stream.
Approximately 10 km to the extreme north of the site is the rugged mountainous range and
relief feature namely Muchinga Escarpment.
CHIAWA GMA
MA
e rnG
st
Zambezia E a
Zambezia
Escarpment
Escarpment
Farm
Farm
ZIMBABWE
ZIMBABWE
Western GMA
0
00
0 10
10
10
10
10
10 20
20
20
20
20
20
kilometers
kilometers
Figure 7: Topography of Chiawa GMA

(Source: STRM Data from Space Shuttle, 90m resolution, ZAWA, 2009)
4.1.4 Climate
The area falls within agro-ecological zone I, a zone characterised by harsh climatic conditions
and erratic annual rainfall below 700mm. Like the rest of Zambia the area experiences three
(3) seasons namely; cool and dry winter (April – August), hot and dry summer (September –
November) and hot and wet summers (December – March), (Chidumayo , 1995).
4.1.4.1 Temperature
Mean temperatures in Chiawa vary between 6.5 oC in July and 40 oC in October (Chanda and
Tembo 1993)
Typical of areas in agro-ecological zone I however, temperatures as high as 38oC and 45oC
during the hottest month of October are at times experienced in Chiawa.
The temperatures remain somewhat high even during the rainy season causing relatively high
evapotranspiration rates throughout the rainy season. During the cold season, temperatures are
significantly low with temperatures as low as 5oC being evident.
Temperature projections for a 60 years period from 2010 to 2070 show a trend of increasing
mean temperatures for the period under projection. It is projected that there would be an

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increase of 2oC (24.5oC to 26oC) for the sixty year period. The years 2013, 2040 and 2062 are
projected to have the lowest mean temperatures in agro-ecological region I (MTENR, 2007).
4.1.4.2 Wind
Wind speeds which are often maintained at about 1.6m/s rises in June/July and reaching a
peak around September/October and then dropping by December.
4.1.4.3 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall at Chirundu and Chiawa area is 628 mm. Rainfall usually occurs
between November and March.
Assessment of historical rainfall in agro-ecological region I, an agro-ecological zone within

which the project area and Chiawa falls revealed a decreasing trend of annual rainfall in the
baseline period (1970/71 through to 1998/99), implying that agro-ecological region I is
becoming drier. A mean annual rainfall of 684mm occurred over the baseline period of 30
years in this region. The highest rainfall of 1084mm was recorded in 1977/78 rainy season
while the lowest rainfall of 428mm occurred in 1994/95 rainy season (MTENR, 2007).
Agro-ecological region I, a region encompassing Chiawa GMA, unlike other agro-ecological

regions of Zambia is considered a drought-prone and risk region.
Table 3: Comparison of rainfall among agro-ecological regions over a 30yr period
Agro-ecological Mean Annual Highest Precipitation Lowest precipitation in
Zone precipitation (mm) in 30 yrs (mm) 30 yrs (mm)
Region I 684 1048 428
Region II 830 1205 544
Region III 1151 1373 836
(source: MTENR, 2007)
Region I is singled out as one region consistently experiencing climatic hazards in terms of
drought and water scarcity with a general tendency of rainfall declining and shifting towards
dryness. Water management and conservation is thus a very critical matter in all areas within
region I.
According to the Ministry of Tourism, Environment And Natural Resources (MTENR) ,

projected rainfall over a sixty (60) year period from 2010 to 2070 for region I show that
rainfall in this region would be mostly below average, with the driest years being 2014, 2044
and 2065 in that order of increasing magnitude. (MTENR, 2007)
4.1.5 Soils
Soil texture classification in the proposed project site varies with depth and distance from the
river banks. Generally however soils in the area fall in texture classification viz. sandy loam,
loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam. The site is however classified as being predominantly
sandy clay loam.

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4.1.5.1 Soil sampling and analysis
Determination of soil texture and chemical composition was done at the Soil Science
Department of the University of Zambia (UNZA) where soil samples were analyzed for pH,
Total Organic Content (TOC), Total Carbon Content (TCC) and texture. Results of the
analysis are presented in table 4 below.
Samples were collected from identified points on the proposed site. From the table, the
following interpretations are made; 600m EE means the samples were collected 600metres
away from the Eastern End (EE) and 2.5A means 2.5 metres away from the river bank. d1
means depth 1, meaning that the soil sample was collected at a depth of 0 -10 cm and d2
means a depth of about 60cm below the ground.

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Table 4: Soil Sample Analysis Results
Description pH T.O.C (% ) Sand (% ) Clay(% ) Silt (% ) Texture Class
600m EE, 2.5A d1 7.24 0.54 61.6 15.2 23.2 Sandy loam
600m EE, 2.5 A d2 5.84 0.45 63.6 31.2 5.2 Sandy clay loam
600m EE, 50 A d1 7.5 2.52 45.6 20.2 34.2 Loam
600m EE, 50 A d2 6.97 1.89 57.6 20.2 22.2 Sandy clay loam
500m EE,100 A d1 7.54 2.38 65.6 22.2 12.2 Loamy sand
500m EE,100 A d2 5.94 2.2 65.6 21.2 13.22 Sandy clay loam
500m EE, 200 A d1 6.15 1.71 65.6 19.2 15.2 Sandy loam
500m EE, 400 A d2 7.13 1.21 39.6 24.2 36.2 Loam
4.1.5.2 Results interpretation
As can be noted from the table of results the pH was weakly acidic in some samples but alkaline
for most of the samples. This pH range is conducive for the existence of micro organisms in the
soil.
Total organic content (TOC) was high with the highest being 2.52% and the lowest being
0.31%.The average TOC was 1.40g/100g soil sample. This means that the soil attenuation
capacity of contaminants is quite high and not susceptible to serious ground water pollution
which would arise from the development. This coupled with good waste water management
practices will result in very minimal ground and surface water contamination.
4.1.6 Geology
The geology of the Lower Zambezi area comprises a varied suite of rocks of various origins
and ages. The youngest rocks are of colluvial materials found in the valley floor. Close to the
valley floor are red sandstone, basalt and sandstone all belonging to the Karroo system. A
variety of rocks, such as biotite chists, quartzite, meta-quarzite, granite gneisses calci-silicate
and carbon rocks, distributed widely in the region, were produced by ancient volcanic
activities and metamorphism in the region (Barr, 1971).
The varying collection of rocks formed by volcanic intrusions and metamorphism mostly
during the pre-Cambrian period gives the mineral wealth characteristic of Lower Zambezi
region. Gold was once mined in the Chakwenga valley while a number of other gemstones
such as garnet, aquamarine and tourmaline are believed to exist in the Chakwenga and
Musensenshi river valleys.
4.1.7 Hydrogeology
No studies were found to give the proposed project area’s hydrogeological conditions.
4.1.8. Hydrology
4.1.8.1 Surface Water Quality

Water samples were collected from the Zambezi River as composite samples in triplicate and
taken for analysis at the University of Zambia’s Environmental Engineering Laboratory. The

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samples were taken at 2m, 10m and 30m distance from the river bank at the project site and
mixed to make a composite sample. The sampling depth was 20cm from the water surface.
The average results are tabulated in table 5 below.
Table 5: Analysis results for water samples from site

WHO Guideline
Sample ID: BIN B (maximum for value
drinking water)
Parameters
Conductivity (µ S/cm) 84 1500
pH 7.4 6.5 – 8.5
Total dissolved solids (mg/l) 51 1000
Total suspended solids (mg/l) 3.0 -
Turbidity (NTU) 12.0 5.0
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (as mg O2/l) 32 -
Chemical Oxygen Demand (as mg O2/l) 52 -
Dissolved Oxygen (as mg O2/l) 7.2 -
Bacteriological Results
Total coliforms (#/100ml) 140 0
Feacal coliforms (#/100ml) 14 0
Feacal streptococci (#/100ml) 0 0
Tests carried out in conformity with “Standard Methods for the Examination of water and
Wastewater APHA, 1998”.
4.1.8.2 Ground Water Quality

There were no boreholes on site or nearby to be used for sampling and analysis to give a
representative picture of ground water quality for the project area. None the less the quality
of ground water in the area is expected to be free from artificial contamination due to absence
of polluting activities since the site is void of active developments.
4.1.9 Air quality

No data was available to give an indication of air quality of the area. However, air quality in
the area is believed to be clean due to very limited sources of pollution such as industrial,
domestic and commercial activcities as well as road traffic. Much of the pollution noticeable
is due to occassional bush fires, wind gusts and and animal movements e.g. elephants.
Overall, these pollution sources are insignificant and the area enjoys good quality air.
4.1.10 Noise
Chiawa area still remains low in as far as development and industrialisation are concerned.
There exists a very strong correlation between levels of development, levels of
industrialization vis-à-vis population density and noise. The only forms of noise to write
home about in the project area are those minor noises made by man through equipment and
machines such as motorized boats and motor vehicles. Noise from motor vehicles and boats is
just but occasional and as such has insignificant effect upon the general environment. Though
speed boats have the potential of causing a lot of noise, the use of speed boats with ZAWA -
specified Hp would be used.
Other sources of noise in the project area include wildlife such as hippopotamus, elephants
and the roaring of lions. It may however be disputed that sounds made by wildlife does not

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qualified to be termed as noise by virtue of the sounds being a wildlife product for promotion
under tourism. In like manner, the sounds and melodious singing of birds is no noise but
sounds ever welcome to every tourist’s ear.
4.2 Biological Environment
4.2.1 Flora
The area has diverse vegetation types. The variety of vegetation is associated closely to the
geographic, geology, soils, and moisture regimes. The vegetation types are generally zoned
along topographic gradients and more or less run parallel to the course of the Zambezi River.
Vegetation in the Chiawa and the project area could best be categorised into two loose classes
namely escarpment vegetation and valley vegetation.
4.2.1.1 Escarpment Vegetation

The escarpment vegetation is dominated by Miombo woodland, which contains a wide variety
of species of the genera Brachystegia, Jubernardia and Isoberlina. The majority of the
species are deciduous, dropping their leaves in the early dry season and flushing in August as
temperatures rise. In addition to the above genera, local patches of Combretum-Terminalia are
present. Gorges cutting down from the escarpment to the valley floor support richer
vegetation due to seepage, and include species of Ficus, Commiphora marlothii, Afzelia
quanzensis, Kirkia acimunata, Terminalia sambesiaca and Albizia zimmermannii (Bingham,
1998 in Leigh, 2006).
4.2.1.2 Valley Vegetation

Several vegetation types are found in the valley section, which includes Acacia albida
woodland, Colophospermum mopane woodland and dry deciduous thickets. The dry
deciduous ‘jesse’ thickets are most common on deep, fine to medium-grained sands, which
tend to be leached of bases. Open areas are also found in the Chiawa GMA, the best known
being the Mbombochena plains in the east of the GMA. Grass and shrub species recorded in
the area include Chloris spp, Cynodon spp, Dactyloctenium spp, Echinocloa colona,
Echinocloa spp, Eragrotis spp, Phragmytes spp, Setaria spp, Sporobolus spp, Vernonia spp,
Sonchus spp, and Euphorbia hita. (Games, 2007) and; Leigh, 2006)
Other species in the valley include Dichrostrachvs cinerea, Croton scheffleri and Schrebia
tricloclada. Scrub mopane Colophospermum mopane woodland is commonly found
occupying areas with poorly drained, heavy alkaline clays containing calcareous concretions
and on sodic soils. In these areas, mopane is associated with Kirkia, Diospyros quiloensis,
Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia nigrescens, and Terminalia prunoides in the tree layer.
The understorey is composed mainly of shrubs such as Combretum elaeagnoides, Courbonia

glauca, Boscia spp., Friesodelsia obovata and a poorly developed grass cover made up of
Aristida spp., Sporobolus spp. And Enteropogen spp.
Open parkland of Acacia tortilis, A. nigrescens, Kirkia, Combretum and Terminalia spp is
characteristic of the deep, dark brown, fine grained sandy loams of the Chiawa area.
A well-developed riparian community comprising Faidherbia albida, Combretum imberbe,

Kigelia, and Trichelia emetica occurs along the fringes of the large rivers.

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The shrub layer is either absent or poorly developed. On the loose sand banks, F. albida exists
almost in pure stands with little woody under storey. This is the dominant species on the
alluvial –floodplains of the Zambezi. Other vegetation associations exist in the valley but
most of these are not mapped.
The fringes of the main rivers also include Fruit trees such as Zizyphus, utilised by both the
people and animals. During the fruiting season, the trees are a major cause of conflict between
elephants and the people. The trees are associated with settlements in the western GMA and
do not extend to the Eastern GMA. Figure 7 below give a visual presentation land cover and
vegetation in Chiawa area.

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Figure 8: Land Cover and vegetation in Chiawa GMA

(source : African Wildlife Foundation )

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Table 6: Vegetation Structure and Composition – Valley Floor Habitats (Eastern Chiawa
GMA and Lower Zambezi NP)
Habitat Growth Dominant Species Average Cover
Form Height Class
Tree Acacia nigrescens (Knobthorn), 6 – 12 Isolated
Acacia tortillas (Umbrella thorn), Plants
Hyphaenae petersiana (Wild
dagga), Combretum imberbe
Grassland (250m) (Leadwood)
Shrub Caparis tomentosa, Salvadora 1–3 Isolated
persica (Mustard tree) Clamps
Ground Duospermum quadrangularis 0.25 – 0.75 Mid –
Cover (Winterthorn acacia), Dense
Sphaeranthus flexuosus (Natal
mahogany), Vernonia glabra
(Wild heliotrope), mixed grass
spp.
Tree Faidherbia albida (Ana tree) 12 – 20 Sparse
Shrub Senna singueana (Ringworm 1–3 Very Sparse
Albida Woodland bush)
(140m) Ground Senna obtusifolia (Java-bean), 0.5 – 1 Mid –
Cover Solanum panduriforme (Pretoria Dense
Plane), Sphaeranthus flexuosus
(Natal mahogany), mixed grass
spp.
Tree Accacia, Combretum imberbe 6 – 12 Very Sparse
(Leadwood), Philenoptera
violacea (Apple-leaf)
Shrub Dichrostachys cinera (Sickle 1–3 Sparse
Ecotone: Pod), Diospyros sinensis, Boscia
Grassland/Woodland mossambicensis (Broad Leaved
To Thicket (80m) Boscia)
Ground Crossandra spinescus (Fertility 0.5 – 1 Dense
Cover plant), Duopsermum
quadrangularis (Winterthorn
acacia), Vernonia glabra (Wild
heliotrope), Ocimum canum
(Holy Basil) and O. americanum,
Sphaeranthus flexuosis (Natal
mahogany), mixed grass spp.
Tree None
Shrub Acacia ataxacantha (Flame 1–3 Mid –
thorn), Boscia mossambicensis Dense
(Broad Leaved Boscia),
Thicket: Shrubland Combretum elaegnoides,
(35m) Combretum adenogonium
(Common wild-pear),
Colophospermum mopane
(Mopane, Turpentine tree),
Holmskioldia tettensis (Pink
Chinaman's Hat), Markhamia
zazibarica (Bell Bean tree)

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Ground Crossandra spinescus (Fertility 0.25 – 0.75 Sparse
Cover plant), Dicoma anomela (Bush
acorn), Duospermum
quadrangularis (Winterthorn
acacia), mixed grass spp.
Source: Leigh, 2006
There are however general concerns in Chiawa that, open plains such as Mbombochena in the
east of the GMA and other areas north of the park are being invaded and encroached by
shrubs and woody vegetation. Chansa, (2004) suggested that the lower numbers of elephants,
which previously opened more of the woodlands through their feeding habits, were causing
woody vegetation encroachment in the Area. The numbers of elephants now present in the
area of less than 2,000 are far much lower than the less than 5,000 recorded in the 1970s as
noted by Mwima and Yoneda (1995).
This encroachment of woody vegetation on open plains would have to be controlled, as it
would affect the distribution and ecology of wild game in the area. Leigh (2006) found that
Wild dogs had a higher preference for grassland habitats than Albia woodlands, thickets and
mambo woodland and the transitional acetone vegetation type, which consisted of scrub.
Fires are common in the upland areas but are noticeably few on the valley. This is probably
due to low fuel loads, which also encourages the encroachment of woody vegetation. In the
western part of the GMA, the high number of settlements and villages in the area causes fires.
The proposed project site has a mixture of trees and an array of coppicing and regenerating
forest. The site falls within the valley category characterised by a mixture of Acacia abida
(Ana tree), Colophospermum mopane (Mopane, Turpentine tree) woodlands and dry
deciduous thickets. Typical to the site, however, is dominance of Marquesia macroura
(Weeping Tree), a species typical of miombo woodlands. Other isolated species in the area
include Isoberlinia angolensis (Mutobo), Brachystegia boehmii (Prince of Wales feathers,
Musamba), Piliostigma thionningii (Monkey bread), Baphia bequaertii (Black (Yellow
billed) Kite), Rothmannia whitfieldii (Cassava tuber) and Combretum molle (rainy tree,
sausage tree, wild mango and tamarid (musika)).

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Figure 9: Vegetation Close to the River Bank at the Proposed Project Site
4.2.2 Fauna
A number of big game is found in the Chiawa GMA. Though during the EIA only elephants
(Loxodonta Africana), hippos (Hippopotamus amphibious), crocodiles (cocodilus nilotica),
and monitor lizards (Varanus albugularis) were seen, ZAWA officials and local people
interviewed revealed that a lot more animals are found in the area. These include, buffalo
(Syncerus caffer), waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus deffasa), impala (Aepyceros melampus),
kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), common duiker (Sylvacapra grimmia), zebra (Equus
quagga boehmi), warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), wild dog (Lycaon pictus), lion
(Panthera leo), leopard (F. (Panthera) pardus), jackal (Canis adustus), grysbok (Raphicerus
sharpie), monkeys, hyena (Crocuta crocuta), honey badger (Mellivora capensis), civets,
pangolin, bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus) and porcupine (Atherurus africanus). The GMA
is however reported to be depleted due to poaching over time.
Birdlife cited in the area include white stocks, Egyptian goose, African jacana, Mozambique
night jar, cape parrot, pride kingfisher, giant kingfisher, kite kingfisher, sandy goose, barn
owl, blue wax bill, red wax bill, mask weaver, white ingrids and cattle ingrids.
A number of snakes are also reported to be abundant in the area and these include pythons,
house snakes, cobra (Mozambique and spitting cobra).
The area is also rich in insect life and a variety of butterflies and grasshoppers were seen on
site. Besides game, Chiawa area is also renowned for a wide variety of fish species.
4.2.2.1 Fish
The Zambezi and the Kafue Rivers form the major fishery of the Chiawa Game Management
Area. The two Rivers are host to a number of fish species. The most important of these for the
sport fishing industry include the Tiger Fish (Hydrocvnus vitiates), Vundu (Heterobranchus
longifilis) and the breams belonging to the family Cichlidae. The major threat to the fish stock
of Chiawa GMA is over-exploitation due to lack of regulation of fishing activities. The area
has in place a number of measures aimed at fish conservation including; no fishing in the
waters of the eastern Chiawa GMA, and Sports fishermen follow a Catch and Release policy.
In addition to this, the area observes a countrywide fish ban between December and March
annually to allow for breeding even though this part of the Zambezi does not fall under the
statutory annual fish ban.
Based on information from a survey conducted in Chiawa Fisheries, a total of 22 species from
8 fish families were caught during one particular fish survey. Experimental gillnets laid
overnight recorded the highest number of species (21) and these mainly comprised of small
sized species with medium to large species conspicuously absent. The dominant species were
in order of decreasing biomass B. imberi (Imberi), M. acutidens (Silver Robber) and C.
discorhynchus. The strong current in the main channel of the river prevents use of gillnets and
the local fish folk have resorted to drifting. A panel of gillnet between 4 – 5 inches is
stretched across the river channel and left to drift with the current for 30 minutes before being
hauled and the fish removed. A catch assessment of the fish caught using drifting was done
and the following six fish species were recorded in order of decreasing biomass D. schenga
(Chessa), H. vittatus (Tiger Fish) and L. altivelis (Hunyani Labeo), L. longirostris, L.
congoro (Purple Labeo) and T. rendalli (Red-breasted Bream).

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The abundance of fish in an area largely depends on food availability, depth of water, the
breeding pattern of fish and conservation measures that are in place. In all, there are 56
recorded fish species in the Kafue Fishery.
Table 7: Composition (% abundances) of gillnets catches and catch assessment – Chiawa, Middle
Zambezi River.
Family Species Experimental Catch Assessment
gillnet Survey Survey
Abundance Abundance
(% numbers) (% numbers)
Mormyridae L. longirostris 3.0 0.7
M. macrolepidotus
(Bull Dog)
C. discorhynchus 12.7
Alestiidae H. vittatus (Tiger 17.0 6.7
Fish)
B .imberi (Imberi) 32.2
M. actidens (Silver 14.6
Robber)
Cyprinidae L. congoro (Purple 1.0 0.4
Labeo)
B. fasciolatus (Red 2.6
Banded Barb)
L. altivelis (Hunyani 12.0 0.4
Labeo)
B. lateralis (Stripe- 1.5
tailed Robber)
B. unitaeniatus 7.1
(Slender barb)
Mochokidae S. nebulosus (Brown 0.4
squeaker)
S. zambezensis 1.1
(Clouded squeaker)
Schilbeidae S. intermedius 4.9
(Silver Barbel)
Distichodontidae D. schenga (Chessa) 66.0 6.4
Cichlidae T. rendalli (Red- 1.0 0.4
breasted Bream)
O. mortimeri 0.4
(Blackchin tilapia)
O. mossambicus 0.4
(Mozambique
tilapia)
P. acuticeps 3.0
(Zambezi happy)
P. philander 0.4
(Southern
mouthbrooder)
S. codringtonii 0.4
(Green happy)
S. robustus (Yellow- 0.4
belly Bream)

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The frame survey showed that the fishing folk are semi-permanent settlers on the fishing
camps spending on average 6 months actively involved in fishing and the rest of the year as
subsistence farmers in the rural areas. The fishing activity has low capital investment, an
average fisherman owns 2 panels of nets and either shares a boat or rents one. Although the
most camp dwellers have been involved in fishing for most of their lives, they also have been
employed elsewhere as casual workers.
4.2.2.2 Reptiles
The Zambezi, Kafue, and Chongwe Rivers are host to large concentrations of the Nile
crocodile. The species is commercially important, as eggs and adults have been removed from
the area since the 1960s. Overexploitation on the Zambezi River is a major threat to the
crocodile populations in the area in that the total off take may exceed recruitment, particularly
as these have increased in recent years without obtaining survey data that indicates this maybe
sustainable (Fergusson 2005).
A recent survey of the area indicated crocodile densities of 8.84 – 15.61 per river km on the
stretch contiguous to Lower Zambezi National Park and the eastern part of Chiawa GMA
(Nyirenda. V, Sichone. P, and M’soka. J, 2007).
In the areas with high restriction on the use of water and entry into the water in case of Lower
Zambezi National Park and the eastern part of Chiawa where the number of boats and water
activities have been regulated the status of the crocodiles has been enhanced. Areas were little
form of regulation is enforced, particularly the Western part of the GMA and Siavonga open
areas the population status has degraded. Factors that influence the estimates, structure, and
distribution can also indirectly be illustrated by increased interaction between human and
crocodiles.
Table 8: Estimates for Crocodile Numbers in Chiawa GMA in relation to other Protected Areas in the
Lower Zambezi
Segment Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Eyes Only Total
Siavonga Open Area 66 15 6 33 120
Chiawa GMA 228 105 6 120 459
LZNP 618 312 543 228 1701
Rufunsa GMA 177 42 54 42 315
Total 1089 474 609 423 2595
Source: Nyirenda. V, Sichone. P and M’soka J. 2007
Apart from the Nile crocodile, other reptile species such as the monitor lizard, tortoise,
snakes, and skinks exist in the area.
4.2.2.3 Birds
Over 300 bird species have been recorded in the Lower Zambezi Area. The riverine
vegetation and the islands of the Zambezi have the greatest concentrations of birds. The lower
Zambezi is endowed with birds in the category of globally threatened species, biome-
restricted and species of regional conservation concerns (Leonard, 2005). Though there are
many common birds, the following are species of conservation concern; Slaty Egret, Lappet-
faced vulture, Pallid Harrier, African Skimmer, Goliath Heron, Saddle-billed Stock, Bateleur,
African marsh harrier. Southern Ground Horn, Yellow Billed Oxpecker.

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4.2.2.4 Mammals
The large mammals of the Lower Zambezi and Chiawa GMA include elephants, buffalo,
hippo, Zebra, Kudu, Roan, Eland, Impala, Waterbuck, Bush buck, hyena, warthog, bush pig,
common duiker, grysbok, klipspringer, lion, leopard and Jackal.
Over 25 large mammal species have been recorded in the area. Most literature also indicates
the presence of Lichtenstein Hartebeest, Eland and Sable in the Chiawa GMA, however
interviews with the community indicate that they do not exist in the area or have not been
seen in a long time.
Kellie (2006) says that the Lower Zambezi including the eastern part of Chiawa GMA,
recorded higher densities both on average and for the highest densities recorded from any
individual habitat at 95km-2 and 229km-2 respectively.
Other mammals found in the area include Monkey, baboon, porcupine, serval, caracal and
Aardvark. The area around Donatini2 (the actual site for the proposed Lodge) and Samango
Campsites in the eastern GMA has the blue monkey, which is confined to this area in the
whole of the Lower Zambezi with the inclusion of LZNP, Rufunsa GMA and Siavonga Open
area.
Most of the animals are concentrated in the valley section of the GMA; reports on sightings
and spoor frequency from Wildlife Police Officers (WPO) in patrol groups suggest that game
numbers appear to be low in the escarpment section of the GMA.
The whole area suffered from a great deal of poaching in the past and the wildlife populations
in some areas were decimated. However, the situation has improved recently. At the time that
the area was gazetted as a GMA, it was categorised as a depleted area in terms of hunting
until the year 2003 when the status was changed to secondary, indicating an improvement in
the wildlife population status.
Concerns have been expressed over the status of predators in the area, with both lion and
wild-dog thought to be declining. Interviews with Lodge owners and managers revealed that
Lions rarely wonder from the park into the GMA. The Chongwe River, which forms the
boundary between the Park and the GMA, is the furthest that Lions were seen in the Area
during the period 2003 to mid 2007 (Garth Hovell. Pers. Comms).
This concern over the Lion status in the area led ZAWA to remove the Lion from the Safari
hunting Quota in Chiawa GMA.
Table 9: Lion Density values for Chiawa GMA

Area Lion Range Lion Density (adults/km2)
Area (Km2) 2001 2002 2003
1 76.8 0.024 0.024 0.24
Source: Leigh 2006
2
Donatini is the precise location upon which Protea Hotels intend to build an ultra modern lodge facility.

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Table 10: Spotted Hyena Density Estimates (adults per km2) in Chiawa GMA
Calling Station No. Location Hyena Density (adult per km2)
2000 2002_01 2002_02 2003
1 Kayila 0.33 0.66 0.11
2 Royal Airstrip 0.28 0.19 0.09
Source: Leigh 2006
4.2.2.5 Elephants
Under a programme funded by the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), Elephant movements
have been a subject of studied in the Chiawa GMA since 2003. The study was able to map out
one main movement corridor stretching from Chisakila on the western edge of the GMA to
the GMA boundary with the park on the Chongwe River. The corridor dubbed Kalungaire
stretches for about 75 km. Branching off from Kalungaire corridor west of Bwelinukha cave
is the ‘escarpment’ corridor which is approximately 31km and ends at a large dam in the
escarpment. Corridor width is between 7km and 10km in most areas; some areas however,
may narrow as elephants try to avoid human settlements.
Figure 10: An Elephant Crossing the Zambezi River
Elephant numbers fluctuate seasonally, but there are thought to be approximately 500 animals
in the valley floor area of Chiawa GMA (Mwima and Yoneda 1995, Simwanza 2004, Chansa
2006). During the dry season, large numbers of elephants are observed from roads in the park,
which are reported, moving into the adjacent GMAs during the rainy season. This observation
was confirmed by a study conducted by the Conservation Ecology Research Unit of the
University of Pretoria, which collared 6 female elephants between August 2004 and August
2006. The team observed that the home range of the collared elephants was substantially
larger during the wet season than the dry season. The collared individuals in the Lower
Zambezi remained largely within the park during the dry season. During the wet season,
however they expanded their home ranges substantially as several females made more
extensive use of the Chiawa GMA (Van Aarde: 2006).

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Chansa, (2006) notes that tourism developments along the Zambezi River frontage affect the
wildlife distribution and movements in the area, as the location of these facilities in areas on
or close to open plains and islands render them not available to the majority of herbivores.
The valley floor eastern part of Chiawa GMA is less than 70 km2. There are approximately 23
sites along the 16 kilometres of river between the Zambezia Farm boundary and the LZNP.
Construction of these tourist facilities involves soil excavation and because of the fragility of
the soils in this flood plain (Sichingabula, 1997 and Timberlake 2000), this excavation may
accentuate soil erosion and further reduce the extent of the open plains and the available range
to herbivores. This is one negative impact the construction of the Lower Zambezi Lodge is
likely to create.
Settlement in Chiawa GMA is concentrated in the western part, with Mushonganende being
the closest village to the wilderness part in the east. The west has several large agricultural
concerns close to the confluence of the Zambezi and Kafue rivers the largest being Chiawa
Estates, a ZAMBEEF property occupying almost 9,000 ha with about a 1,000 ha under
development. As a result of this, couples with the topography and water availability, most
wildlife in this area is concentrated along the Zambezi River, especially in the dry season.
Opportunities for improving the Game population exist in the western part of the GMA
through collaborations with the Commercial farmers in the area. The farmers have large
chunks of land, which have apparently been set aside for Game farming.
The situation in the north-western end of the GMA is better, as the habitat is largely
undisturbed thus having the potential of the wildlife population in this section of the GMA
recovering. This area could be linked up with part of the commercial farms to open up animal
corridors from the Zambezi to the escarpment.
The eastern part of the GMA on the boundary with the national park has a high concentration
of game. The high concentration of wildlife in this area is attributed to the Acacia albida on
the alluvial flood plains. This area is largely undisturbed with limited settlements. This area is
devoted to photographic tourism.
The recent surveys of large mammals in the area have concentrated on Elephants. The most
recent aerial surveys were carried in dry season 2003, Wet season 2004, and dry season 2005.
The results are presented in the tables 12 and 14 below.
Table 11: 2003 Dry Season Population Estimates and Statistics for Buffalo and Elephant in
Chiawa GMA
Species Estimate No. Variance % CI Lower Upper Density Km -
Seen CL CL 2
Buffalo 902 120 758605 198.6 0 2692 0.36
Elephant 45 6 742 124.2 0 101 0.02
Source: Simwanza, 2004

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Table 12: 2004 Wet Season Population Estimates and Statistics for Elephants in Chiawa
GMA
Species Estimate # Variance % CI Lower Upper Density
Seen CL CL Km-2
Elephant 176 24 13270.8 134.2 0.0 413.3 0.240
(Males)
Elephant 529 72 128691.0 139.3 0.0 1267.0 0.720
(Cows)
Table 13: 2005 Wet Season Population Estimates for Elephants in Chiawa GMA Valley
floor
Species Estimate Seen Density
Elephant (Male) 36 6 0.05
Elephant (Cow Herd) 566 95 0.77
4.2.2.6 Hunting
The quotas for the main species in the Chiawa GMA for the period 2005 – 2007 are shown in
Table15 below.

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Table 14: Hunting Quotas for Chiawa GMA (2005 – 2009)
Game 2005 2006 2007
Resident Safari Resident Safari Resident Safari
Baboon 0 10 0 10 0 6
Buffalo 2 8 3 8 10 6
Bushbuck 5 4 5 4 10 4
Bush pig 0 0 0 0 5 3
Crocodile 0 10 0 10 0 6
Common Duiker 0 0 0 0 0 2
Elephant 0 4 0 4 0 4
Grysbok 0 0 0 0 0 2
Hippo 10 10 10 10 10 8
Hyena 0 0 0 2 0 3
Impala 5 14 5 14 10 16
Klipspringer 0 0 0 0 0 2
Kudu 0 0 0 2 0 3
Leopard 0 2 0 3 0 2
Lion 0 2 0 1 0 0
Warthog 4 5 5 6 10 6
Waterbuck 0 2 0 2 0 2
Zebra 0 2 0 2 0 3
4.2.3 Threats to the Flora and Fauna of Chiawa GMA

(a) Human Wildlife Conflict: Being adjacent to a National Park, and having significant
number of wildlife within the GMA itself, the people of Chiawa have conflicts
with wildlife. The coming in of the proposed lower Zambezi Protea Lodge with its
anticipated increase in tourists is likely to contribute towards the increase in
human-wildlife conflicts. Most incidents of damage to crops occur during rains
between February and April and during the harvest season. The high levels of
Human Wildlife Conflict in Chiawa GMA are a threat to the wildlife of the GMA.
In 2003, three (03) people were arrested and convicted for poisoning elephants on
Kanyemba Island. In the year 2005, seven elephants were found dead with tusks
intact and they died of suspected poisoning.
(b) Hunting: Hunting Quotas for Chiawa GMA are determined on the basis of the whole
Game Management Area where as in 2006 the Community agreed in principle
with the Operators in the Eastern GMA not to conduct any hunting in the eastern
part of the GMA. The eastern GMA has the highest concentration of animals than
the west.
(c) Poaching: Poaching is the single most important threat to game in Chiawa GMA.
Most poaching is through snares. Snaring is very active in the eastern Chiawa
GMA with a number of animals caught in snares including elephants and
buffaloes, which unfortunately become a threat to humans if not killed by the
snare.

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(d) Lack of general management planning: Unplanned developments in the Chiawa
GMA are likely to affect the diversity and behaviour of plants and animals in the
Chiawa GMA. Fencing of large farm holdings and the unplanned developments of
tourist facilities along the river banks threatens to block important animal
movement routes and also clear valuable animal grazing grounds.
(e) Over grazing by herbivores: The high concentrations of impala and other herbivores
in the valley floor section of the GMA could have adverse effects on the
vegetation through overgrazing, and may affect other species diversity.

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CHAPTER 5: DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
5.1 District Overview
In 1991, Zambia experienced a wind of political change which lead the country’s reversion
from one party participatory type of politics to multi-party politics and democracy. This
system of governance hinges and continue to hinge on the importance of elections vis-à-vis
the well, wishes, choices and aspirations of the people through conducting of free and fair
presidential and parliamentary elections every 5 years.
The out come of such elections do usher in teams of politicians who take charge of
government business and control the central administration of the country. Kafue like the rest
of districts in Zambia is divided into constituencies and wards which are units of management
and resource allocation by central government. On the basis of this type of district delineation,
Kafue district consist of two (2) constituencies namely Kafue and Chilanga constituencies,
made up of eleven (11) and four (4) wards respectively. Chiawa, an area of interest to this
EIA is a ward in Kafue constituency.
The nation is therefore governed at three (3) levels viz. the central government, local
government and the traditional level.
Central government consists of three (3) wings namely; legislative, executive and judiciary,
while local government is made up of the district council, representative of the executive
wing of central government and the traditional authorities.
5.2 District Management And Administrative Structure

5.2.1 Central Government system
There are 14 Central Government Departments operating with offices in Kafue District, most
of them located in Kafue town or Kafue estates with offices either at the Civic Centre or
Indeco House. Other departments like the Department of Tourism, Environment and Natural
Resources are situated in Lusaka.
The office of the District Commissioner is responsible over supervision and monitoring of
performance of all line government ministries and departments at the district level.
Notable wings of central government in Kafue district and with physical presence in areas
within proximity of the project area and Chiawa are:
• Ministry of Education
• Ministry of Health
• Ministry of Tourism, Environment And Natural Resources – ZAWA
• Ministry of Works and Supply
• Ministry of Local Government – Councillor and Chieftainess Chiawa
5.2.2 Local Government System

The local government system in Zambia falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Local
Government and Housing (MoLGH). MoLGH has primary responsibility for local
development and planning. Formal planning and development regulation for Kafue District is
handled jointly by the Provincial Planning Office; an office falling within the executive wing

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of central government on one hand and Kafue District Council’s Department of Works
(DoW) on the other.
Consistent with the policy of decentralisation, the intent of the system is to devolve primary
responsibility for planning and development regulation to Kafue District Council (KDC)
when sufficient capacity becomes evident.
Kafue District Council (KDC) is the Local Authority for the entire Kafue District. The
District Council comprises the local political authority and an administration of
approximately 200 staff members. Additionally, it is made up of 15 elected Councillors; out
of which one (1) is a representative of Chiawa and 2 are appointed Chief’s representatives.
The Council Chairperson, who serves for a term of two (2) years, is a Councillor elected from
amongst the other Councillors. In Kafue District, twelve (12) of the Councillors represent
rural wards and Communities while the other three (3) represent peri-urban and urban areas.
The District Council runs its business through committees each headed by an elected
Chairman with the Council Chairperson as an ex-officio. The Committees in question are:
• Finance, Licence, Resource Mobilisation and General Purposes Committee

• Plans, Works, Investment and Development Committee
• Establishment, Health, Housing and Social Services Committee
5.2.3 Traditional System of Governance (Sub District)
All over Zambia, governance and authority at sub-district level lies within the jurisdiction of
chiefs and/or chieftainesses who delegate governance tasks to headmen/headwomen and/or
indunas; as the case may be in some areas.
In Chiawa like most parts of Kafue and Zambia as a whole, chiefs and the Chieftainesses are
held in high esteem, as such, their role in land allocation, general development and
community mobilization for environmental management and general development cannot be
over emphasised. Besides; traditional leaders have very strong and effective working linkages
and networks with both the central and the local district government administrations.
As a case in point, Chieftainess Chiawa has a representative in KDC, has representatives in

various community based organisations (CBO) within Chiawa and does have seats in the
house of chiefs. The Chieftainess is not only influential as a traditional leader, as a senior
citizen but also do enjoy and amass a lot of support from various cycles of the society.
The traditional system of governance is usually very effective in mobilizing community

members, mobilizing resources at community level and engaging members of the community
in dialogue and decision making processes.
5.3 Social-Economic Characteristics of the Project Area

5.3.1 Demography and settlements
Kafue a district within which the proposed project area is situated has a total population of
162,262 and population growth of 3.2% (CSO, 2000 Census of Housing and a Population).
According to the 2000 census, Chiawa ward, has an estimated population of 2, 917 people.

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5.3.2 Ethnicity and History
Chiawa area is traditionally and predominately a Goba (meaning valley people) area though
other ethnic groupings such as the Tonga, Soli, Senga and Lenje are wide spread. Like the rest
of Zambia, other ethnic groups, have relocated to the area due to employment opportunities
offered by tour operators and opportunities provided by natural resources from the Zambezi
River and surrounding areas.
Originally, Chiawa was predominately settled by the Soli and later joined by the Senga people
from the Luangwa valley. Later the Kore Kore ethinic group from then Southern Rhodesia
invaded the area, subdued its people and started to rule. The Kore-kore came into the area
with a chief namely Mujobe. Mujobe Sinkamulonga Chipesaula was the first Chief of the
Zambian Kore-kore people: who crossed the mighty Zambezi River from Dandawa
Barereweni near Kakhomo Kahwiyo in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to Northern
Rhodesia (now Zambia).
The Current Chieftainess Chiawa is known to be the 10th Chief from the first Chief Mujobe
while Liempe was the longest serving and living Chief the Kore-Kore have ever had.
5.3.3 Settlements and buildings

Village settlement pattern in Chiawa is linear in nature with village distribution concentrated
along the main access road. This road runs parallel along the Zambezi River from the
Pontoon to the east of the GMA. To the west of the GMA, villages are clustered along the
Kafue River and some along the main road from Gota Gota to Chisakila.
Chiawa chiefdom has a high number of villages concentrated in the west with the central part
being second and Mugurameno area to the eastern part of the chiefdom being the least settled
area. There are approximately thirty- seven (37) villages and one thousand one hundred and
fifty (1,150) families/households in the whole of Chiawa chiefdom. For purpose of easy
community mobilization and management, Chiawa is divided into 5 zone namely Gota Gota
with 11 villages, Chisakila with 5 villages, Kabwadu with 9 villages, Chiawa Central with 7
villages and Mugurameno with 6 villages. Table 15 below outlines the zones and their
corresponding villages.

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Table 15: Zones and villages in Chiawa

# Zone Name Villages
1 Gota Gota Mfungautsi, Kayanse, Muflutsi, Chalezera, Magali, Mpinga, Malabanika,
Kaluma, Buyanita, Tiger Chiputa and Nyamusuku
2 Chisakila
3 Kabwadu Musemwa, Gouguza, Kabwadu, Makunga, Kayangala, Kalombo,
Nyamachili
4 Chiawa Central Chilimoyo, Chiawa, Kalipano, Muchingamire, Kadoko and Maunda
5 Mugurameno Musemwa, Mushonganede, Chibuye, Chimusambo, Mugurameno,
Kambanga, Chapanga
This uneven settlement distribution is generally attributed to two dimensions namely;

availability of fertile soils and human-wildlife conflicts. The western part of the chiefdom has
more arable land and has less wildlife
Settlement in Chiawa GMA may conclusively be said to be concentrated in the western part,
with Mushonganende (sometimes called Chijata) being the closest village to the eastern block
of the GMA. The west has several large agricultural entities located close to the confluence of
the Zambezi and Kafue Rivers with the largest being Chiawa Estates, an estate occupying
approximately 9,000 ha out of which about 1,000 ha is under agricultural development.
Prominent agricultural development projects in the area are the banana plantation and
ZAMBEEF’s estate.
Within the vicinity of the proposed project there are no human settlements apart from those
pertaining to tour facilities viz. camps and lodges. There are therefore no major settlements
within 12 km radius of the site for the proposed Lower Zambezi Lodge.
At the project site for instance is only a moribund building which served as the main house
for the former operator of the site. Another house on site is the one used by the caretaker
charged with the responsibility of looking after the site. Other developments close to the
proposed project site are Baines River Camp to the west and the Munyemeshi Camp to the
east. Baines Camp (formerly Kiubo Lodge) is a fully developed facility with about 8 chalets
with a total bed capacity of 16. Munyemeshi on the other hand is a smaller development
providing self catering services.
Other tour facilities to the west of the proposed project site include Sobek Safaris, Mvuu,
Kiambi Lodge, Kwalata, Wild Tracks, Trishu, Malilansolo, Mutondo, Kaila, Maudas,
Chimasumba, and Kambanji. Between Trishu and Mulilansolo camps is situated a camp for
Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA), a management and operational focal point. Other
tourist facilities in close proximity to the project site but on the Zimbabwean side are Mana
Pools Lodge to the south west and Vuudu Camp in the south-eastern direction.
To the east of the project are lodges and camps such as; Kasaka lodge, Royal Zambezi lodge,
Conservation Lower Zambezi camp and Chongwe Camps.

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5.3.4 Land Tenure and Land Use

5.3.4.1 Land Ownership
Kafue District covers a total land surface area of 23,250 square kilometres representing 3% of
the country’s total land area. Very large proportions of the district (Northeast) are hills and
escarpments. The South-eastern part is the Zambezi Valley (Chiawa area), a GMA area with
an estimated size of 2,344 square kilometres, which accounts for 10.1% of the size of the
district (ZAWA, 2007).
Not withstanding the fact that all land in Zambia is vested in the president for and on behalf of
the people, tenure and/or ownership of land in Kafue district and Chiawa area, like any other
part of Zambia is categorized and managed under two main systems namely;
customary/traditional and leasehold. Ninety (94) percent of the total land in Kafue, with the
inclusion of the whole of Chiawa GMA but with an exception of the Lower Zambezi National
Park (a protected area under the wildlife act) falls under the customary land tenure system. A
system managed by traditional governance and mechanisms that hinge on the authority held
by traditional leaders. In the case of Chiawa, Chieftainess Chiyaba has authority over land
allocation. Officially, Chieftainess Chiyaba allocates land subject to approval of the
Commissioner of lands through the district authority.
5.3.4.2 Land Use

The whole of Chiawa area falls within the Game Management Area, an area falling under
ZAWA’s central management region and an area management unit namely Lower Zambezi
Area Management (AMU). The land use system in Chiawa is categorised into five (5)
systems namely; crop production/agriculture, livestock, settlement/villages, tour camps and
the fishery.
(a) Crop production/agriculture

Chiawa falls within the agro-ecological zone 1, a zone characterised by low rainfall and high
temperatures. This zone covers most of Zambia’s valleys and the southern and western
provinces of Zambia. The harshest climatic conditions or climate hazards are observed in this
region. To sum it all, Chiawa area falls in a category of areas considered to be drought prone
and risky areas.
Regardless of the climatic conditions however, agriculture is still one of the most important
livelihood systems for the people of Chiawa.
For crop production and agricultural development purposes therefore, Chiawa, despite being a
GMA has a section designated as a farming block namely Chiawa Agricultural Block, a block
consisting of two (2) agricultural camps namely Chiawa central and Gota gota. Despite the
presence of these camps, agricultural extension is poor due to the absence of agricultural staff.
On the farming front, Chiawa block has only four (4) commercial farmers, seven (7) emergent
farmers and 1,576 small scale farmers. Major crops grown include maize, millet, sorghum,
groundnuts and sweet potatoes. There is also a huge plantation for bananas within the vicinity
of Kabwadu-kayemba zone.

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(b) Settlements – Tour camps and lodges, farms and villages

Within Chiawa are areas designated as villages, farms and some as tour operational facilities
in the form of lodges and/or camps.
Villages in the context of Chiawa area are made up of individual households either sharing a
common family line or lineage and/or related by blood and have settled as a social unit on a
particular location. Farms are isolated families and/or households, settled in a particular
isolated area primarily for agricultural production.
(c) Fishery
The Lower Zambezi is one of the most important segments of the Kafue Fishery and has
continued to provide substantial livelihood sustenance system to people from many districts
amongst which Lusaka, Mazabuka and Monze rank highly.
(d) Wildlife and tourism

The designation of part of the Lower Zambezi and in particular Chieftainess Chiyaba’s area as
a GMA goes along with land-use implications and demands befitting a GMA. Since its
establishment, Chiawa GMA has been a haven for tourists and has operated on the principle
of “non-consumptive” wildlife use most especially in the eastern part (Zone 1) which is under
plans for the development on the community park under the Partnership Park.
The GMA has instead become attractive to non-hunting tour operators who provide a range of
tourism based products. The tour operators offer a wide range of experiences, including game
watching drives and canoe safaris. In the recent past, a wildlife sanctuary namely Zambezia
Farm has been established.
Land along the Zambezi River has been used for the development of numerous tourist lodges
that offer accommodation to tourists. Notable tourism investor companies include Royal
Zambezi Lodge, Safari Per Excellence, Karibu Safaris, Luo Games, Kwalata Lodge, Chundu
Lodge, Sobek Safaris. Others are Shear Water Safaris, Ndjovu Safaris, Tongabenzi Safaris,
Kayila Lodge, Mushika Lodge and Nyamanye Lodge.
While some lodges and tour operators are falling out of the tourism market in Chiawa due to
the on-going global economic melt down and other challenges, others such as Protea Hotels
are mapping out strategies for entry into the market and enter with a force that would make
positive socio-economic and environmental impact to the benefit of the tourism industry, the
people of Chiawa and the nation.
5.3.5 Gender and Impact of HIV/AIDS

The people of Chiawa like most ethic groups in Zambia have various roles designed on the
basis of gender. Over the years and due to changing socio-economic circumstances
communities have started inter-changing some roles in order to meet existing challenges.
Regardless, it is evident in Chiawa just like in most areas of the country that women tend to
be less vocal and usually take the back role in most decision making processes at community
level.
Though statistics pertaining to HIV/AIDS prevalence in Chiawa area are not available,
communities acknowledge HIV/AIDS as an issue of concern. Besides being an area with

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tourist attractions, Chiawa is also endowed with a rich fishery which attracts fishermen and
fish mongers from different towns of Zambia. Continuously influx of people into the area has
the potential of increasing the risks and rates of HIV/AIDS proliferation.
The development of Protea Lower Zambezi Lodge has the potential of contributing towards
the influx of prostitutes and sex workers into the area thereby increasing HIV/AIDS
prevalence rates.
5.4 Heritage, Historical and Cultural Characteristics

Heritage sites carry out numerous functions that are beneficial to people and even essential to
human welfare (UN Foundation, 2004). Given the significance of these sites, it is critical that
managers and developers like Protea Hotels alike have information on their existence and that
such sites needed to be promoted and managed effectively. In this respect, Chiawa GMA, the
project site and its immediate surroundings have many historical, cultural heritages and
archaeological sites with significant attributes.
This GMA has a number of interesting sites some of which could qualify for protection as
National Monuments as they have the potential to meet the declaration criteria in
accordance with Cap 173 of the Laws of Zambia. It must be emphasized that all
palaeontological (fossil) and archaeological sites in Zambia are automatically protected by
Law.
This implies that most of the localities in the Chiawa GMA are supposed to enjoy automatic
protection despite the law not being enforced. As a result of the law not being enforced, due
to poor accessibility to the area; lack of community involvement in heritage conservation and
management and also that of private sector including the absence of heritage policing in the
area, the Chiawa Heritage is very much under threat. On the other hand, fossils of this area are
protected by the mere fact that the road to the Chiawa area is not very accessible by many
motorists. This implies that conservation efforts should precede any publicity of these sites.
(CGMA Plan, 2009)
A number of important heritage, historical and cultural sites are found in Chiawa area but
none are found at the specific project site proposed for lodge development. Notable sites
identified in the area include:
5.4.1 Chongwe / Fufumwe Falls

Chongwe / Fufumwe Falls is located on the Chongwe River. It is a Geomorphologic
(Landscape Heritage) Site of undetermined level of significance. The waterfalls, with a lip
averaging about 40 metres wide and 8 metres high, is formed on a metamorphic rock
seemingly of feldspathic and quartzite content. It forms on a shear zone. The site is located at
15o 41’ 11’’ S and 29o18’ 37’’ E and UTM 747620 E and 8254396.
The lip of the falls is aligned in an east-west orientation (i.e. facing south). This river
continuously flows until August/September of every year and when the flow is high, the
waterfall is very attractive particularly around March.

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5.4.2 Bwelinunkha Cave
West of Chiawa GMA in Chisakila area are the Bwelinunkha caves, caves believed to have
mysterious attributes of making whosoever visit them lose sense of direction and eventually
get lost. The same is also said to be true about a Mubuyu Tree (Parinari curatellforia)
located somewhere within Chiawa GMA.
Bwelinunkha cave, with an entrance of about 5 to 6 metres wide and 2 metres high is located
some two (2) kilometres off the Gota-gota Chisakila Road leading to the Chisakila Basic
School. The site is motor able to about 200 metres from the cave entrance. The site is located
at 15o 52’ 32’’ S, 29o 42’ 00’’ E and on UTM coordinate: 35681947 E and 8244216 N
The cave is a magnificent bat and guano cave with thousands of bats living here. It is believed
to be possibly the largest such cave in Zambia. The cave is said to have a pool of water and a
stream deep inside. The cave is however characterised by heavy darkness and high humidity.
The cave was also a habitat for ancient human beings. As such, the cave needs a proper study
with a good protective and lighting system.
Figure 11: Dry lip of Fufumwe Falls on Chongwe River (December, 2006)
(Source: Photo by L. N. Namayanga, ZAWA, 2009)
The National Heritage Register maintained by the National Heritage Conservation

Commission (NHCC) shows that there is a cave within this area by the name of Chipongwe.
Coincidentally, there is a stream on the Geological Survey Map showing a river/stream called
Chipongwe on the eastern part of Chibara Hill and to the west of the recently verified
petrified fossil forest. It is however not clear as to whether Bwelinunkha Cave is the same as
Chipongwe Cave listed by the NHCC.
5.4.3 Mulangwa Village / Leopards Hill Road Fossil Forest

This location is just by the Chiawa Leopards Hill Road side. The other fossils are located at:
15o 48’ 43’’ S and 28o 48’ 58’’ E (UTM Coordinates being 6945503 E and 8251011 N).

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This locality recorded a high concentration of fossils that are still intact with one fossil tree
trunk measuring about 20 metres in height (length).
These sites have been mapped on the Geological Map of the Leopards Hill Area
accompanying Report No 21 by Cairney (1966) and have been listed as Chiawa Fossil Sites
numbers 9 to 26 summing up to 18 geological sites under the subcategory–paleontology
(fossil study) in the National Heritage Register. The fossilized area has been marked in red on
the Map as Chiawa Fossil Forest 1. This fossil forest No. 1 covers an area of approximately
13 square kilometres.
The fossil forest was observed to be under threat since there were recent road grading works
which were seen to be very destructive to fossils as they were rolled over and littered all over
the road.
5.4.4 Malabanyika Fossils

The site has six (06) truncated logs of fossilized wood with the largest measuring up to 1.15m
in girth i.e. basal diameter. These logs belonged to one tree. The lengths of the blocks ranged
approximately from one to three metres. The site is located at 15o 52’ 08’’ S, 28o 47’ 46’’ E
and on UTM coordinate: 692270 E and 8239210 N
5.4.5 Mbombochena Plains

This is an anthropological site by virtue of its use as a traditional and/or special hunting
ground for chiefs. In the event that the Chieftainess wants an animal she hunts from here.
Also known as Kavu, this area is famous for its unique species of Monkeys. It is also said that
some people have seen white lions and monkeys in this area. These lions could be of spiritual
attachment or mere traditional beliefs. The site is located at 15o 42’ 42’ S, 29o 15’ 09’’ E and
on UTM coordinate: 7413916 E and 8261681 N.
5.4.6 Bomba Tree

This place reminds everyone of the Rhodesian Liberation Wars. At this place lies an area and
tree upon which a boom exploded here in the recent past.

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5.4.7 Dombo-Lamoye (the Stone of a Virgin)

Located on the western boundary of Munyamenshi Lodge in Chaiwa GMA and opposite
Mana Pools National Park of Zimbabwe, this is a traditional and/or spiritual site believed to
have been a residence for a mermaid.
It is widely believed that elderly people came here to consult the spiritual medium (the
mermaid moye or the virgin) over rains and seeds.
Monkeys were also said to have been seen here performing hilarious acts. Once one laughed
at the antiques performed by these monkeys such as playing with a ball or masturbating, the
canoe being used by these people would capsize and those laughing would be drowned to
death as punishment. Since children were very prone to laughter, they were restricted from
looking at the moye or the monkeys for fear of death. Each time people in canoes would pass
through this site they would perform a ritual especially if someone capsized.
It was believed that the spirits were disturbed and chased by the presence of motorized boats
and the disturbance of the river channel during the construction of the Kariba Dam, which
affected the river dynamics. The site is located at 15o 35’ 34’ S, 29o 14’ 54’’ E and on UTM
coordinate: 740146 E and 8256372 N.
5.4.8 Maiwemaiwe Site

A site upon which people died after landmines exploded. The most recent explosion happened
in March 2004.
5.4.9 Nyankwilimba Ancestral Site

The site is known as a site of cultural significance by virtue of spiritual activities which were
conducted on the site. There is a pool of water where the custodians of culture would collect
seed for distribution to the community members in readiness for a new planting season. The
last performance was said to have taken place in January 1987. The place was described as
being a big rock suspended on a small rock (possibly a small kopje) and pool of water that
never dries.
5.4.10 Chief Liempe’s Court

This is a historical and cultural site as it stood as an area upon which local disputes were
heard and resolved. Many chiefs had no courts but Liempe built a temporal court at this site.
5.4.11 Mugurameno Cave

A place where the first settlers of Chiawa, who were evicted by the Kore-kore people
popularly known as the Goba (meaning the valley people), used to keep their personal
belongings. It is further said that even the Southern Rhodesian Guerillas used this cave as a
storage centre for their ammunition.

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5.4.12 Big Marijuana Tree
This is a site of great historical, cultural and spiritual significant to the people of Chiawa.
Permission from the traditional leadership is always required before one visits the site. It is a
sacred site.
5.4.13 Kairara Graveyard

This is a burial site for the Chiefs of the Kore Kore. Special permission and rituals were also
required to visit this site.
5.4.14 Royal Linga

This is a fort that was built by historic people.
5.4.15 Kanyemba Island Linga

The Kanyemba Island linga is located at the confluence of the two rivers, Kafue and Zambezi.
This is recorded as a battle field as well as an early settlement for the Portuguese warriors and
traders.
This area is of historical significance by virtue of a number of slave trading transactions

having been concluded from here. The Lower Zambezi Lodge project site is therefore also
known to have been a resting point for slaves and slave traders en-route to the sea port in
Mozambique.
5.4.16 Malabanyika Twin Baobab Trees

The Rhodesians used these trees during the Liberation Wars.
5.4.17 Makufu Site

A site where the 7th and 8th Chiawa Chiefs lived.
5.4.18 Chikwenya Island

The first Goba Chief, HRH Chief Muyobe, mounted his army against the invading enemies
from this area.
5.4.19 Zambezi Escarpment

Apart from being a geomorphologic feature, the Zambezi escarpment provides a scenic aerial
view of the Lower Zambezi National Park and Chiawa GMA area. It also acts as a natural
barrier or boundary.
5.5 Tourism and Recreation

Chiawa is one of the renowned tourism spots in Zambia. The area has close to 32 lodges3
located mainly on the frontages of the Zambezi River and thus provide employment
opportunities, lodging, nature based tourism products and logistic for tourism packages.
Chiawa has exceptional resources and qualities for tourism. Amongst those identified and
being exploited are:
3
Most of the river frontage has been taken up this development thus raising a number concerns and challenges

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• The Zambezi River which offers diverse opportunities for angling and photographic
tourism.
• The Zambezi Escarpment, which provides scenic beauty of the GMA and it’s surrounding
area.
• Inherent rich historical culture and several heritage sites such as fossils and caves
• A variety of game and associated habitant which includes the habitats for the rare
Samango (blue) monkey species.
• The GMA is one of the world’s famous sport fishing of tiger fish and has abundant
bird life.
• The GMA is easily accessible from Lusaka and Kariba and is also in close proximity
with Mana Pools National Parks, a World Heritage Site on the Zimbabwean.
The area mostly offers non-consumptive tourism services covering photography, game
watching drives, walking safaris and canoe safaris with fishing as one of the major tourism
activities.
5.6 Infrastructure and social amenities

5.6.1 Road network and transportation
Access to Chiawa GMA is by a gravel road running from Chirundu and crossing Kafue River
through a motorised pontoon. The road is however generally poor and becomes impassable
during the rain season. There is a road that services the whole of Chiawa and runs in a north-
easterly direction, running roughly parallel to the Zambezi River and linking all the major
service centres namely Gotagota, Kabwadu, Chiawa Central and Mugurameno. From an area
namely Chakanaka Farm, the road branches off in a north-westerly direction to join Leopards
Hill Road, a road going to Lusaka. Serve its poor state this is the shortest route to Lusaka.
Presently however, most users still prefer travelling to Chiawa via Chirundu.
Sections of the gravel road in Chiawa GMA become impassable during the rainy season and
as such the need for road upgrade and routine maintenance cannot be over emphasised.
Access into Chiawa and the proposed project site is either by water, along the Zambezi River
and by gravel road which runs parallel to the river. Though passable all year round access by
road is extremely difficult during the rainy season.
5.6.2 Communication
Over the years lack of telecommunications services have been apparent because of the
absence of landline telephones. However the recent expansion of network coverage by mobile
companies such as Zain has made it possible for cell phone users to communicate without any
problem from the pontoon crossing on Kafue River all the way down to Mugurameno. The
coverage is however concentrated on the area adjacent to Zambezi River while outlying areas
such as Chisakila remain uncovered. The coverage also diminishes and then disappears as one
approaches eastern GMA. Though MTN has isolated network within the area, ZAIN seem to
have command of the telecommunication market in Chiawa.
Communication via VH 1 frequencies is also possible within and is available at the rural
health centres and some lodges within the catchment.

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5.6.3 Electricity and power supply
An electricity line runs from Kafue pontoon to Chiawa Central and is accessible by lodges,
businesses and farms in this area. Local communities in the catchment cite high connection
fees as a barrier to accessing this resource.
Farmers more especially those operating at commercial level require electricity for irrigation,
which enables them to produce crops throughout the year. Lodges in eastern GMA; further
down after Chiawa Central use generators and solar panels for power and lighting. Protea
Hotels plan to extend the power line from Chiawa Central over a distance of 30km to the
proposed site. Such as extension of electricity lines would have positive multiplier effects and
benefits for both lodge operators and local settlers in Chiawa
5.6.4 Education Facilities

Education facilities in Chiawa consist of one (1) secondary/high school, five (5) basic and two
(2) primary schools and one (1) community school. Table 16 below outlines the schools in
Chiawa.

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Table 16: Schools in Chiawa GMA
Zone Name of School Category of School Grades offered
Chisakila Malabanyika Basic School Basic Education 1-9

Chisakila Primary School Primary education 1-7
Gota gota Mafungaushi Primary Primary education 1-7
School
Gota gota Basic School Basic Education 1-9
Kabwadu Kanyangala Community Community School 1-4
School
Kabwadu Basic school Basic Education 1-9
Chiawa Central Chilende High School Secondary Education 10 -12
Chiawa Basic School Basic Education 1-9
Mugurameno Mugurameno Basic School Basic Education 1-9
5.6.5 Health Facilities and Services

Communities in Chiawa are serviced by two rural health centres namely Chiawa Rural Health
Centre and Kambale Rural Health Centre. Besides these two, communities of Chiawa access
referral services from the mission hospital with a better services delivery reputation than the
mentioned rural health centres. The rural health centres serving Chiawa have problem of
inadequate staff, inadequate drags and lack of transport for referrals and outreach activities.
The six most prevalent diseases in the area are respiratory tract infection – pneumonia,
diarrhoea; eye infections, skin diseases (scabies) and malnutrition.
5.6.6 Agricultural Production and Support

Agriculture in Zambia has the potential to enhance economic growth and reduce poverty.
Good performance in the sector would translate into overall improvement of the Country’s
GDP, create jobs, and expand the tax base. This is mainly because the majority of Zambians
depend on agricultural related activities for their livelihood. Thus, the Fifth National
Development Plan (FNDP) considers the agricultural sector as one of the engines of economic
growth that is required to create employment and reduce poverty. In view of the potential
multiplier effects that the agricultural sector has on the economy, the FNDP sees the
restoration of its high and sustained growth as constituting a critical step for reducing poverty
in Zambia.
The failure of agriculture to provide for sustainable livelihoods is considered as a major factor
contributing to rural poverty. In addition, rural areas suffer deficiencies in relation to access to
basic amenities such as health services, safe water, quality education, and infrastructure that
worsen the poverty situation. Further, rural areas have attracted very little investment except
in isolated areas. It is therefore, not surprising that few rural households are contributing to
the full utilization and generation of the resources required to finance their access to basic
amenities.
Agricultural production and productivity are very low in Kafue because most farmers lack
markets, low cost inputs, and credit and support services and incur high production costs.
Attracting investment, expanding markets, providing adequate support services, and making
agriculture competitive should be a means to improve rural livelihoods. As part of the overall

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strategy, forward and backward linkages should be exploited in the production chain. Poverty
is much multifaceted and needs multi-disciplinary and multi sector approaches to its
eradication.
The country’s objective for the agricultural sector is to ensure food security at household,
district and national level, maintaining agricultural resource base, contribute to sustainable
industry development, and generate income and employment.
In order to work towards the set objectives of promoting agriculture production, the ministry
of agriculture has established agricultural blocks. In this respect, the ministry has established
one (1) block namely Chiawa Agricultural Block, a block consisting of Chiawa Central and
Gota gota area.
This block has only 4 commercial farmers, 7 emergent farmers and 1565 small scale farmers.
Table 17: Farmers and Agricultural staff

Standard Deficiency Percent of
Block No. Of No. Of (No of (farmers farmers
Camps Staff No of Farmers farmers without service without
per staff) of staff) services of
staff
Chiawa Chiawa
and 1 1193 383 1576 300 1276 81
Gotagota
Source: Kafue SA Report
Crop production yields are generally low due to a combination of factors, the worst being the
recurrent droughts that have been characterised in recent years and the increase in human-
wildlife conflicts.

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5.6.7 Livestock development and Services

Livestock in Kafue district like the rest of Zambia is kept both on commercial and small-scale
systems. However about 80% of livestock is kept under small-scale system which involves
small families keeping livestock on free range. This system is characterised by poor
management practices – a common scenario in Chiawa. Farmers under this system lack
facilities and resources to manage their livestock. In the whole of Kafue and Chiawa alike,
very few women keep livestock as individuals as this is usually perceived as a man’s job.
Table 18: Livestock population and carry capacities

Detail of Category/Quantity
Item item
Block Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry Pigs Donkeys
Standard Carrying Chiawa 270,000 600,000 600,000 N/A N/A N/A
capacity per
block
Current Livestock per Chiawa 815 5,333 43 2,714 516 10
situation block
Capacity of Land Chiawa 146,974 326,609 326,609 N/A N/A N/A
available carrying
land capacity per
block
Note: Livestock is far much below carrying capacity in all instances.
5.6.8 Water Supply and Sanitation

5.6.8.1 Rural Water
Kafue district and Chiawa have over some time continued to experience inadequate
investment in the rural water sector despite severe droughts of 1991, 1995 and 2001 which
have impacted negatively on the availability of water for both human and wildlife.
The majority of the rural community depends on bore holes, protected wells, unprotected
shallow wells, streams and the Kafue and Zambezi Rivers as the major sources of water. The
existence of unprotected shallow wells, streams and rivers have contributed to incidences of
malaria and diarrhoea diseases.
Table 19: Water Assessment Findings

RHC Villages Pop. HH F/D F/D USERS
Catchment Boreholes P.Wells
Bore Prot. Unprot Piped Rivers
Hole Well Well Water and
Streams
Chiawa 29 1650 21/4 0/6 3168 0 1089 198 5444
1650
Source: Exploration of Kafue WASHE November 1999
A total of 25 boreholes are found in Chiawa. Due to lack of regular service some are out of
use.

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5.6.8.2 Sanitation
Inadequate sanitation facilities in most areas of rural Kafue and Chiawa force people to use
the bush to answer the call of nature, a practice which later leads to contamination of
unprotected wells, streams and rivers.
The poor scenario in rural water and sanitation is attributed among other factors to peasant
farmers lacking funds to sponsor borehole development and construction of protected wells.
Lack of pit latrines is generally due to cultural related reasons and negative attitudes towards
construction and use of toilets.
A survey carried out by a Neighbourhood Health Committees (NHC) in Chiawa catchment

revealed the following on water availability and Latrine Coverage in the area.
Table 20: Sanitation Assessment Findings

Health Centre/ No. Pop. No. of No. of No. of Total Refuse
Catchment Area villages House- VIP Ordinary No. of Pits
holds Latrines Latrines Latrines
Chiawa/Masstock 29 1650 1650 91 204 295 193
Source: Exploration of Kafue WASHE, November 1999

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CHAPTER 6: PROJECT IMPACTS
In this section, major changes or impacts which the project would create on the biophysical,
socio-economic/cultural and biological environmental conditions, both positive and negative
were identified and analysed based on which mitigation measures were proposed.
Impact identification was done using a matrix table showing the interaction between project
activities and the obtaining environmental conditions. This was followed by an assessment of
each identified impact for significance. Impact significance was assessed using both the
measurable and normative criteria. The measurabe criteria was based on the following
factors:
The Sensitivity of the environmental element being impacted

The spatial extent of the impact
The severity/intensity of the impact
The duration of the impact
The Probability/frequency of occurrence of the impact or source of impact:
On the other hand, the normative criteria involved an assessment of deviation from
established norms or acceptable change limits. Impact significance was characterised at four
(4) levels i.e. Non Significant, Low Significance, Moderately Significant and Highly
significant.
The following definitions were adopted for impact characterisation:
Impact Significance was characterised as follows:

Highly Significant impact: A frequent Impact and or one with highly severe effects
Moderately Significant Impact: A frequent impact of moderate severity
Low Significant Impact ; An infrequent impact of moderate severity
Non Significant Impact; An improbable impact or one with non severe effects.
Impact severity or intensity was characterised as follows:

Severe Impact
♦ One infringing on legal provisions or established social norms
♦ One with widespread effect i.e. impact affecting areas outside the immediate
confines of the defined project area
♦ One causing irreversible damage
♦ One causing high public outcry
Moderately Severe Impact

♦ One causing serious but reversible damage
♦ One causing moderate public outcry
Non Severe Impact

♦ One not subscribing to any of the above
The Sensitivity of the element being impacted was characterised as follows:

Highly sensitive: Fragile and highly susceptible elements with potential to suffer
irreparable damage

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Moderately sensitive: Fragile and highly susceptible elements with potential to suffer
reparable damage
Insensitive: Elements neither fragile nor susceptible to damage
The spatial extent of the impact was characterised as follows:

Localised: Effects limited to defined project site only
Limited: Effects limited to project site and immediate neighbourhood only
Widespread: Effects felt beyond immediate neighbourhood
The frequency or Probability of occurrence of the source of impact was characterised as

follows:
Frequent: Definitely expected impact
Infrequent: Expected but rare impact
Improbable: Unlikely impact
Finally, the duration or Timing of the impact was characterised as follows:

Short Term: Lasts during project activity only (reversible)
Medium Term : Lasts for a limited period after project activity (eventually reversible)
Long Term: Permanent (irreversible)
Impact severity/intensity and probability were used as key determining factors for impact
significance while the other parameters (sensitivity, spatial extent and duration) were used as
supplementary qualifiers.
Impacts were further characterised as direct, indirect, residual and cumulative. The following
definitions were adopted for this purpose:
Direct Impacts: Immediate effects of an action or implementation of project activities

Indirect Impacts: Secondary or induced effects of an action which occur later in time or at a
place different from the project site,
Residual Impacts: Impacts which cannot be fully mitigated and are expected to remain even
after mitigation measures have been implemented
Cumulative Impacts: Impacts arising from incremental effects of an action when added to
other past, present or reasonably foreseeable actions. These impacts may be insignificant
when considered individually. but their collective impact may be significant.
Finally mitigation measures aimed at preventing, reducing, compensating and/or managing

the impacts were identified for all significant impacts with monitoring activities proposed for
residual impacts.
It should be mentioned that stakeholder views expressed during the EIA consultation process
were taken into consideration throughout the process.
6.1 Project Impacts on the Biophysical Environment

A review of activities to be undertaken under the proposed project indicate that air quality, land
resources, surface and ground water, geology, soil fertility, soil stability, landscape, animal
life, plant life and biodiversity including aquatic life as well as habitats would be affected
thereby generating a number of impacts. These impacts may either be positive or negative.

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The sections below provide detailed characterisation and assessment of each potential or
likely impact both positive and negative.
6.1.1 Positive Impacts on the Biophysical Environment

The most likely effect of the project on the biophysical environment is indirect rather than
direct and will manifest in enhanced wildlife protection.
6.1.1.1 Enhanced Wildlife Protection

Nature and Source of Impact: One of the factors that attracted Protea Hotels to invest in the
Chiawa GMA is the presence of wildlife which is one of the key tourist attractions. As such,
Protea will collaborate with other stakeholders to ensure the protection of wildlife and this
will include anti-poaching activities. Further it is an established fact that poachers prefer
conducting their illegal activities in remote areas where they cannot be easily seen and as such
the presence of a lodge in the areas will further reduce the hunting grounds for poachers.
Impact Significance: Moderate
Rationale for Designated Significance: Indirect impact of moderate conservational benefits

affecting a limited area of high conservational status for a moderately long period of time.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Management to be proactive in conservation promotion

activities, strive to minimise disturbance of wildlife and the environment in lodge operational
areas and enhance protection in support of natural ecological processes.
6.1.1.2 Enhanced Public- Private Partnership (PPP)

Nature and Source of Impact: Chiawa GMA is one of the two areas in Zambia within
which the PPP model would be tested. In preparation of the PPP, the community of Chiawa
has registered a community based organisation namely Lower Zambezi Conservation Trust
(LZCT) to which Protea has registered membership. The LZCT would work and take a centre
stage in conservation and management of resources in Chiawa GMA. The PPP concept
promotes among other things partnership between the private sector as sources of capital and
communities who own the resources. It is assumed that such a partnership can do a lot in
meeting conservation objectives and hence the positive effect of Protea establishment and
membership.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Indirect impact of moderate conservational benefits

affecting a limited area of high conservational status for a long period of time.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Management to be proactive and closely work with

other stakeholders in promoting the PPP initiative in establishing and managing the proposed
Partnership Park.

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6.1.2 Negative Impacts on the Biophysical Environment
6.1.2.1 Damage to ecosystems
Nature and Source of Impact: The proposed development has potential to disturb the area’s
ecosystem arising from increased tourist activities. None the less, the site to be developed is
too small in relation to the whole wilderness area. The site for the envisaged development
accounts for only 0.005% of the GMA. The area upon which physical structures would be
erected accounts for 5% of the project site and only 0.0003% of the GMA. Zone I of Chiawa
GMA measures approximately 175.716 square km. In terms of geographical coverage, only
0.07% of this area is being proposed for the envisaged development. With only 6,515 square
meters to be altered as a result of infrastructure development, only 0.003% of Zone I would be
affected by the development, which in terms of land coverage is very small and would not in
itself significantly impact negatively on the ecosystem and the area. At the local site level
however, small living organisms such as insects, some snakes and birds will have their habitat
altered as a result of vegetation clearing and soil movement. Further, exploitation of the wider
environment through activities such as nature walks, game drives, fishing, boat cruises etc
have potential to affect the ecosystem in a negative way if not properly managed.
In addition, there will be potential for introduction of Invasive Alien Species due to
landscaping activities using exotic plants and human transport into the area who may be
carriers of seed of these plants.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Direct impact of moderate severity affecting a

limited area of moderate conservational status on a long term basis.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: A number of mitigation measures will be implemented in

minimising project impacts on the ecosystem:
• Only areas designated for construction and landscaping will be cleared leaving other
areas undisturbed.
• To the extent possible all big trees will be avoided in siting infrastructure.
• All guests will be oriented on responsible behaviour and the need to be conservative
conscious in all their undertakings. Further, awareness materials with a focus on
conservation will be placed in all rooms and appropriately posted for guests to see.
• All outdoor activities such as game drives, nature walks, boat cruises, etc will be
carried out under the guidance of trained tour guide.
• To the extent possible local plant materials will be used for landscaping. However,
where exotic ones are used there will be close monitoring to prevent escape into the
surroundig area.
6.1.2.2 Loss of rare species

Nature and Source of Impact: The area forming part of the project site is known to host a
rare monkey species known as the Samango monkey (blue monkey). Poor project
implementation can endanger the survival of this monkey.
Impact Significance: High
Rationale for Designated Significance: Probable impact of high severity acting on a highly
sensitive resource at a localized spatial extent on a long term basis.

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Proposed Mitigation Measures: Management will endeavour to limit land disturbance of the
project area to 5% leaving 95% as natural and undisturbed as it has been to allow for refuge.
In addition, there will also be limitations put in place in terms of noise both during the
construction and operational phases of the project. Other measures as outlined in 6.1.1.1
above will also be implemented to mitigate the impact.
6.1.2.3 Changes in vegetation cover

Nature and Source of Impact: There will be loss of flora and fauna as a result of clearing of
vegetation to pave way for construction works and erection of electricity lines. Trees will also
be uprooted during the construction phase. This may subsequently lead to succession and
invasion of the site by lesser vegetation which would comprise grasses and herbs. Changes in
type of insects’ and bird diversity are also probable. The size of the area to be cleared is
however the most important factor and determinate of the magnitude of impact to be made.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Highly probable impact of moderate severity and
limited spatial extent in both space and time affecting a localized area of moderately sensitive
area on a limited to long term basis due to small scale of the area to be cleared.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Tree cutting will be limited to areas that are needed for
infrastructure development leaving other areas undisturbed. Vegetation planting will be
carried out as part of landscaping to restore vegetation in all disturbed areas using local
species.
6.1.2.4 Soil Compaction

Nature and Source of Impact: Movement of heavy plant, equipment and vehicles on site
will compact the soil thereby changing its characteristics. This will result in reduced
vegetation growth and reduces water percolation and drainage capacity. This impact would be
managed during construction.
Impact Significance: Low
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact of moderate severity acting on an

environmental medium of relatively low sensitivity and limited spatial extent on a short term
basis.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Routes for movement of heavy equipment will be

designated and all heavy vehicles will be restricted to those areas. Areas not constituting
permanent roads will be ploughed at the end of the construction phase to loosen the soil for
easy plant colonisation.
6.1.2.5 Soil Erosion

Nature and Source of Impact: Earth moving works associated with construction namely
clearing of vegetation, digging of foundations, road construction, etc has potential to loosen
the soil thereby exposing it to the agents of erosion such as wind and rain. Stockpiled earth
such as top soil removed from areas to be excavated, laterite, sand etc may easily be washed
away especially during the rainy season and this may lead to siltation of receiving water

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bodies. Other effects may include water pollution, disturbance to aquatic life due to change
of habitat.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Highly probable impact of high severity and limited
to moderate spatial extent affecting environemntal resources of moderate to high sensitivity
on a limited to long term basis.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Mitigation measures will include:

• Bunding of all material stockpiles to prevent erodable material from washing away
• Limiting earthworks to the dry season
• Limiting the area subjected to soil disturbance
• Construction of sand traps along water channels and storm drains
• Covering of material stored for prolonged period of time
• Paving or stone pitching of storm drains
• Planting vegetation on disturbed areas.
6.1.2.6 Soil and water contamination/pollution

Nature and Source of Impact: The use of diesel or petrol propelled plant and equipment
may from time to time lead to contamination of soil as a result of spillage, improper storage
and poor disposal methods for used oils and lubricants as well as containers. The risk of
pollution from hydrocarbons such as oils and grease if not well handled cannot be over
emphasised. This may not only affect soil but eventually ground water and surface water due
to washing down of contaminated materials and seepage into the ground.
Ground water pollution may also occur from septic tanks and soak a-ways at the premises if
not well designed and managed.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Moderately probable impact of moderate severity

and limited spatial extent affecting a localized area of moderate to high sensitivity on a short
to medium term basis.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: The first step in mitigating water pollution will be
prevention by controlling potential sources of pollution. In this regard monitoring systems
will be put in place to monitor operations and continually sensitise workers on the need for
good housekeeping practices and the need to ensure efficient operations by conserving
resources such as water and proper disposal of solid wastes with potential to pollute ground
water. Other measures will include monitoring vehicle fuel tanks and product lines for leak
integrity, together with the replacement of leaking valves in a timely manner. Workers will
equally be sensitized to ensure proper handling of loading and off-loading facilities to avoid
spillage. Fuel storage and fueling areas will also be bunded and fitted with sumps to collect
any spilled materials. Storm water leaving contaminated areas will be passed through oil
traps to remove the oils before release to the environment.

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6.1.2.7 Siltation increase due to mining
Nature and Source of Impact: River sand and building sand for various construction
activities will be mined from dry river beds in the area and this has potential to increase
siltation of receiving water bodies such as the Zambezi into which most rivers and streams in
the area drain. Increased siltation negatively affects the aquatic ecosystems. Further, sand
quarrying has potential to alter the aesthetic appearance of the environment.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact of limited magnitude and spatial
extent due to small quantity of mine resource required and limited available area for mining.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Mining activities will be limited to a small area as only
quantites required will be mined from the site. In adition, the mining will be done a few
metres away from the river bed to minimise the extent of siltation.
6.1.2.8 Increased surface runoff

Nature and Source of Impact: The development of the site will increase runoff especially
in the light of the fact that vegetation would be removed on areas to be occupied by the
facility, drive/walkways and parking lots.
With natural vegetation intact, the area has a lower runoff coefficient. After construction
however, runoff coefficient would increase slightly due to reduced seepage area. Increased
and concentrated runoff might accelerate erosion in places where vegetation is removed. Due
to the small size of the area to be cleared together with the short distance to the receiving
water body thereby limiting acceleration of runoff.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Probable impact of low severity and limited spatial
extent in both space and time affecting a localized area of moderate sensitivity on a limited to
long term basis.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Vegetation clearing will only be limited to areas that are
under construction. Storm breakers will be constructed along storm drains.
6.1.2.9 Air Pollution

Nature and Source of Impact: During the preparation and construction phases air pollution
is expected to increase. This would be attributed to dust generated during sand and aggregates
mining, earthworks and handling of construction materials such as earth material, cement and
sand. Use of motorised equipment such as engine boats, gensets, motor vehicles, etc during
the operational phase of the project is also expected to contribute to air pollution. Air
pollution raises the risks of increased respiratory diseases. This impact will however be
localized and confined to the project site and immediate confines such as driveways.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Moderately probable impact of moderate severity

and limited spatial extent in space and time affecting a limited area of low to moderate
sensitivity on a short to long term basis.

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Proposed Mitigation Measures: Construction works will be limited to the day time only
and to the areas needing development so as to minimise the incidence of dust creation. In
addition, the areas will be watered down in order to reduce this incidence.
6.1.2.10 Waste Generation
Nature and Source of Impact: The generation of solid waste will be unavoidable during
construction and operation of the lodge. These wastes will mainly comprise construction
material remnants, leftover foodstuffs as well as packaging waste from consumer goods,
stationery,etc. These have potential to cause contamination and visual nuisance if not
managed properly.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact of moderate severity and limited
spatial extent acting on a sensitive environment for a limited to long term basis.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Management of impacts arising from waste will include
reuse of materials with alternative use value. Waste bags will be used for collection and
storage of non-usable material followed by transportation to the disposal site to be designated
by the authorities. Optimum care will be taken to ensure that no waste is deliberately dumped
into the water or open areas in the GMA or Park.
6.2. Project Impacts on the Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

6.2.1 Positive Social Economic and Cultural Impacts
6.2.1.1 Creation/employment of Jobs
Nature and Source of Impact: During the construction phase a total of 200 Jobs would be
created. Upon completion of construction works and commissioning of the facility
approximately 100 permanent jobs would be provided to local residents. Besides jobs to be
created by the facility directly, other jobs such as those to be induced as a result of increased
tourists and increased business opportunities would be enhanced. Increase in such jobs is
important in economic terms as they would have a positive impact on the economic aspects of
households and the community at large, mainly by virtue of increased buying capacities of
people within the project area. Increase in tourists would also translate into increase in
demand for guides and other services.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact with widespread benefits of

moderate to high significance.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Management interventions will include prioritizing

employment of the local community and train individuals assigned to manage the different
departments for improved performance. Further, local communities will be encouraged to
engage in handcraft production and cultural activities to market to the tourists.

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6.2.1.2 Proliferation of Enterprises (Supply chains)
Nature and Source of Impact: Due the development of this project in Chiawa, it is highly
probable that a wide range of Small Scale Enterprises (SME) would emerge within the
community, the tourism sector and other sectors of the local economy.
SME likely to emerge with the development of the Lower Zambezi Lodge in Chiawa would
include:
• Suppliers of food; most especially locally grown fresh vegetables, meat, fish, eggs etc
• Suppliers of stationary;
• Private providers of transport facilities such; vans and boats for hire;
• Contractors for maintenance and repair works;
• Crafts men and women and
• Tour guides.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact of moderate significance and

limited spatial extent affecting a population in need of improved sources of livelihoods on a
long term basis.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Enhacement measures will include promotions of

locally cultivated and manufactured products (vegetables, foodstuffs, arts and crafts, etc) in
order to catalyse the economic improvement in this area.
6.2.1.3 Cultural and language exchanges

Nature and Source of Impact: Both at construction and operational stages, the development
would attract people belonging to various ethnic groupings in the area and other parts of the
country as well as the region for either employment opportunities or business. It is highly
probable that this mixing would result in cultural exchanges and learning of new languages. It
should however be noted that there are both positives and negative attributes associated with
culture and language exchange. It is never the less understood that the effects are heavily
skewed toward the positive side as the world get more and moe integrated.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Likely impact of low significance and limited
spatial extent with long term effects.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Enhancment measurres will include sensitisation of

workers, guests and villagers on the need to repect people of different cultures that they
interact with
6.2.1.4 Capacity Building – Local People

Nature and Source of Impact: On the basis of Protea Hotels’ Group Policy of ensuring that
80% of employees are engaged from within the local community, the need and emphasis on
capacity building for staff becomes very critical. In this vain, the developer and the project

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would continuously empower the people in many ways, thus offering a type of benefit which
is sustainable. That is “teaching one to fish rather than giving one a fish.”
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact of moderate significance and

limited spatial extent effectively impacting on national capacity building.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: This impact will be enhanced by giving local people
first priority in terms of employment, training staff for a quality service and promoting local
products.
6.2.1.5 Improved infrastructure – Roads, communication

Nature and Source of Impact: Increase in investment and tourists visiting the area would
demand improvements in road network, water transportation and communication facilities;
facilities which would benefit tourist and locals alike.
spatial extent, due to the extent of the area that will be infrastructurally developed by
management, for a limited to long term basis. Chiawa is a rural area and infrastructure
development is very limited.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Enhancement of this impact will include professional

service provision and taking care and maintaining road, electricity and communications
infrastructure in order to improve their outlook appearance and add beauty to the immediate
environment.
6.2.1.6 Empowerment and business opportunities to Zambians

Nature and Source of Impact: Contracts and tenders for procurement of goods and services
including those for construction and/or rehabilitation works would be awarded to Zambian
companies thereby building their business capacities while at the same time guaranteeing that
benefits of the project are invested in the Zambian people and the Zambian economy.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact with widespread benefits to the
Zambian suppliers of goods and services for a limited to long term basis, depending on the
requirements for the particular goods or services.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: This impact will be enhanced by giving local people
first priority in terms of contracts and tenders for procurement of goods and services and
promoting local products.

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6.2.1.7 Social Responsibility and Partnerships
Nature and Source of Impact: The developer would endeavour to participate in local
community development projects and in such a manner help the community in carrying
burdens of development.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact of limited magnitude and spatial
extent with widespread benefits.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Enhancement of this impact will be by way of

participating in local community development projects and in such a manner help the
community in carrying burdens of development.
6.2.1.8 Guaranteed Local Procurements

Nature and Source of Impact: As long as prices and terms for procurement of construction
materials and other supplies relevant to the project and hospitality industry are competitive,
Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi Lodge would procure all necessities locally thereby supporting
the local industries and the local economy.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite positive development with potential to

develop local capacity in service delivery and contract management
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Provided suppliers and contractors abide to quality,

specifications and timely deliveries, Management of Protea Hotel Lower Zambezi Lodge will
endeavour to offer supply and service contracts to local companies thereby creating
sustainable jobs and support economic activities in Zambia and Chiawa as a whole.
6.2.1.9 Revenue for national development

Nature and Source of Impact: The project would contribute significantly to the national
treasury through Corporate Taxes, Sales Tax and VAT payable by the Lodge and its business
networks and associates.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact with widespread benefits.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Manage facility properly to ensure steady supplies of

high quality timber. Operate within laid down legal framework and pay all stipulated fees and
taxes in good time.
6.2.1.10 Promotion of Zambia and Chiawa

Nature and Source of Impact: Through aggressive marketing strategies to be initiated by
Protea Hotels, it is highly probable that more Zambians and foreign tourists would develop
interest in visiting Zambia and the project area thereby contributing significantly in the
promotion of Zambia as a “Tourist Destination of Choice”.

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With the successful development of Protea Lower Zambezi, the number of tourist visiting
Chiawa would increase, while the number of days stayed in the project area would also
increase with revenue collection increasing significantly.
As the increased volumes of tourists stimulates demand, the mix of tourism products and
services on offer will also grow thereby increasing the appeal of the product and perpetuating
growth. With a greater range of options to choose from, visitors are more likely to extend
their stay or make return visits, thereby improving returns for both the developer and other
investors and business houses in the area.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Definite impact with multiplier effects on the
Zambian tourism industry
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi management will

endeavour to employ Innovative marketing and quality service delivery of diversified tourist
products inpartnership with other tour operators.
6.2.1.11 Increased flights in and out of Chiawa

Nature and Source of Impact: With the development of the Lower Zambezi Protea Lodge,
it is highly probable that the number of flights by private air crafts into Chiawa would
increase significantly thereby leading to increase in both nature based tourism and multiplier
business opportunities.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Probable impact of moderate significance with

long term benefits to tourism in the area and the nation as a whole due to tour networks arisng
from efficient transportation and communication systems.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Protea Hotels will work with other tour operators and
those in civil aviation business in ensuring service delivery.
6.2.1.12 Positive influence on tourism investments

Nature and Source of Impact: Protea would invest approximately fifty billion kwacha into
the Lower Zambezi Protea Lodge project. Such an investment would most likely attract some
investors and encourage others to follow suit in investing in the Lower Zambezi thereby
increasing growth of tourism industry in the area.
spatial extent due to limited bed nights to be added by the project, for a limited to long term
basis.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Enhancement of this impact will include offering

hospitality services in a professional manner to render a unique and high quality service.

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6.2.2 Negative Social –economic and Cultural Impacts

6.2.2.1 Increase in communicable diseases
Nature and Source of Impact: During the construction stage, there will be an artificial
increase in employment opportunities directly and indirectly arising from this project.
Standards of living of some people will be raised. Secondly, some people will be forced to
relocate from their normal places of residence. This will inadvertently result in increased
casual sexual behaviour among the workers and between the workers and the inhabitants of
the surrounding communities. This might lead to increased sexually transmitted diseases and
HIV/AIDS infection rates. Similarly, the influx of tourists in the area during the operational
phase of the project has potential to promote sexual and other human interactions with
potential for cross exchange of communicable diseases. Fortunately, the area is isolated and
far away from settlements and in itself is a mitigation factor.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Probable impact of moderate to high severity and
limited to widespread spatial extent acting on a short to long term basis.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve enhanced

sensitisation on communicable diseases including HIV/AIDs and provision of quality health
services.
6.2.2.2 Rise in Prostitution

Nature and Source of Impact: Development and commissioning of the Lodge would attract
sex workers from both town of Zambia and those in Zimbabwe. The anticipated increase in
tourists and people visiting the Lower Zambezi in the bid to relax and spend a few dollars is
enough reason for the proliferation of sex workers. This may have significant impact on
HIV/AIDS rate. Fortunately, the remote location of the development would make it difficult
for ordinary prostitutes to reach site.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve enhanced

sensitisation on sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, provision of condoms
and quality health services including voluntary counselling and testing.
6.2.2.3 Increase in Pilfering and other Crimial Activities

Nature and Source of Impact: Similar to the scenario of sex workers, development of a
Lodge and increase in tourists does to some extent lead to proliferation of both petty and
sophisticated thieves who may view the development as an opportunity for illegal means of
raising income.

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limited to widespread spatial extent actin g on a short to long term basis.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve provision of

enhanced security by recruiting quality security personnel, improved communications and
liaison with other tour operators and law enforcement agencies together with worker and
guest sensitisation.
6.2.2.4 Wildlife Human Conflicts –

Nature and Source of Impact: Development of the project on a site which is less developed
in itself is encroachment on wildlife territory and creates potential conflict with game which
may wish to roam the area as was the case in the provisions past. Further, where tourists get
into the habit of throwing food stuffs such as bananas to monkeys, monkeys develop habits of
getting food by force or even pilfering from tourists. This leads to the development of
suspicious relationships between humans and monkeys. In this respect monkeys may even
become aggressive and a source of danger to tourists.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve:

• Minimal encroachment on animal corridors by careful siting of lodge infrastructure,
• Sensitisation of both guests and workers on the need to appreciate that they are in
animal territory and that animals have the right of way and the need to avoid animal
provocation.
• Enhanced security by ensuring the presence of well trained and equipped wildlife
officer on site at all times and accompanying those engaging in outdoor activities.
6.2.2.5 Increase in prices of local products

Both increase in income amongst local people employed in the industry and increase in
tourists into the area may result in increase in prices of commodities. Prices may shift to
target tourists and those in employment who would have the capacity to pay a little bit higher.
This may disadvantage local residents and create artificial shortages.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Probable impact of low to moderate severity with
widespread spatial extent acting on a short to long term basis.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve promotion of

productivity and competitive marketing which would lead to voluntary reduction in prices.
6.2.2.6 Occupational Health Hazards

Nature and Source of Impact: Accidents are inevitable during the preparation, construction
and operation phases of the proposed lodge development. Potential hazards may involve falls
on slippery ground and at height; injury through faulty or inappropriate use of equipment and

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tools, fire outbreaks, drowning, human animal conflict, etc and these may result in injuries,
disability or even death. The possibility for accidents is high where unskilled labour is used
and management will ensure that all workers are adequately oriented in occupational health
and safety before commencement of duty.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Highly sensitive and severe but rare impact with
limited extent in space but with short to long term effects.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Mitigation measures will include:

• Employing qualified personnel and orientation of staff on new tasks,
• Regular training and drilling of workers in occupational health, safety and emergency
response,
• Provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE),
• Provision of inhouse medical personnel and First Aider together with provision of first
aid facilities,
• Provision of appropriate fire fighting equipment together with designation of a Fire
Assembly Point.
6.2.2.7 Public Health Problems Related to Inadequate Solid Waste Management

Nature and Source of Impact: During the construction phase there would be a lot of
construction waste which would be discharged from the site. Such waste would include
construction materials such as earth material, sand, aggregates, laterite, rubble and even metal
and PVC pieces. Various types of packaging materials such as empty cement bags, tile fixer
empty bags, paint containers, used oil from vehicle maintenance, etc. Similarly operational
phase wastes such as food left overs, sanitary and other personal hygeine wastes, toiletry and
other consumer item pakages, broken bottles and other beverage containers, sweepings and
landscaping wastes, etc are expected. These wastes if not properly collected and disposed of
can lead to pollution of the air, surface and ground water resources and also may degenerate
the aesthetic appearance of the area. It can also put the health of workers and guests at risk.
Certain disposal methods such as open air burning can lead to air pollution and release of
toxins for certain types of wastes such as polyvinylchloride and rubber which when burned at
low temperatures may release which are a health hazard.
Poorly managed waste bays and disposal sites can also act as breeding grounds for vectors
like mosquitoes, rats and flies which can also lead to poor public health and disease
proliferation.
6.2.2.8 Temporary separation of family units

Nature and Source of Impact: During construction, workers usually camp on site. During
the operational phase of the project workers will similarly stay at the lodge during work shifts
due to the remote location of the lodge. This implies that they will experience temporal
separation from their homes and from their families. This separation does have a lot of social
implications some of which result in marital conflicts and/or broken marriages. Separation
from family units also contributes towards the proliferation of new sexual partnerships back
home and around the project site and this could lead to the proliferation of sexually
transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.

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Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve counselling of

workers on the need to maintain high moral standards and care for families back home,
enhanced sensitisation on sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, provision of
condoms and quality health services including voluntary counselling and testing.
6.2.2.9 Proliferation of new social structures

Due to increase in income levels, some members of the community, particularly those in
employment tend to change their tastes and preference for a number of things including
friends, places they visit and even the clothes they wear just to suit their newly acquired status
with income as a determinant. This has potential to cause social disruption in the affected
community.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Probable impact of moderate severity and limited
spatial extent acting on a short to medium term basis.
Proposed Enhancement Measures: Mitigation of this impact will involve counselling of

workers to respect the culture and life styles of their respective communities, the importance
of setting aside part of their income as savings and investment for life long support.
6.2.2.10 Noise Pollution

Nature and Source of Impact: During preparation and construction noise and vibrations
will result from heavy equipment and haulage vehicles. Noise is also expected during
operation from earth moving equipment, motor vehicles and boats going to and from the
lodge as well as from electric power generation sets. This will impact on fauna, more
especially birds. It is however expected that this impact will be localized and confined to the
project site and drive ways and as such the impacts are not expected to be highly significant.
Rationale for Designated Significance: Highly probable impact of low severity and limited
spatial extent in both space and time due to limited works and limited work hours. Further, all
staff exposed to noise will be provided with ear plugs or muffles as appropriate.
Proposed Mitigation Measures: Sensitize workers to be conscious and avoid making
unnecessary noise during work and unnecessary raving, and to also limit construction works
to the daytime. Noise generated from the operation of plant equipment will be maintained at
85dB and noise from vehicles will be minimized by reducing the speed of traffic to 20km/hr
around the project site and maintenance of motorized machinery.

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CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
This chapter presents a plan for implementing enhancement and mitigation measures for
addressing biological, physical and socio-economic impacts as discussed in the previous
chapter. The measures are aimed at ensuring minimal disturbance and continuity of the
existing ecological balances and socio-economic wellbeing of the area. The plan is also
aimed at ensuring timely fulfilment of institutional requirements of the ECZ, ZAWA and
other regulatory agencies as well as Protea’s own policies on environmental sustainability,
health, safety and responsible tourism (Appendices 11 and 12). The plan is summarised in
tables covering Impact Enhancement, Impact Mitigation, Impact Monitoring and Reporting
and Emergency Response. A Decommissioning and Closure Plan is also included for the
gravel and sand quarry pits to be developed.
.

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7.1 Mitigation Plan for Negative Biophysical Environmental Impacts

Table 21 given below present a summary of proposed interventions for mitigation of significant negative biophysical environmental impacts
associated with project implementation. The table further provide guidance on management objectives, performance indicator and specific
management responsibility for each intervention. An implementation schedule has been included as well to guide timely implementation of the
proposed management interventions together with costing for budgetary purposes.
Table 21: Negative Biopphysical Impacts Mitigation Plan

No. Environmental Identified Impact Mitigation Measures Performance Responsibility Timeframe Cost (K’m)
Aspect Indicator
1 Soil Soil Compaction Control and confine Soil Site Engineer and Construction Included in
movement of heavy plant compaction by Maintenance Supervisor through construction
and equipment to designated heavy Heavy equipment operation and operational
roads and paths equipment. drivers phase costs
minimised
2 Soil Erosion Minimise land clearing and Soil erosion by Site Engineer and Construction Included in
soil disturbance, run-off water Maintenance Supervisor through construction
Revegetate all disturbed reduced operation and operational
areas, phase costs
Protection of soil surface by
planting grass and stone
pitching
3 Construction of storm Current of run- Site Engineer Construction Included in
breakers off water phase construction
reduced costs
4 Protect river banks by Collapse of Site Construction Included in
designating no go and no river banks Engineer/Maintenance through routine
vegetation clearance areas, prevented Supervisor Operational maintenance
Enforce speed limits for Boat users phase and
speed boats management
Proper construction of costs
mooring bay
5 Confine earth moving works Soil erosion Site Engineer Operational Included in
to dry season resulting from Phase construction
loosened soils costs
and fast
running rain
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Aspect Indicator
water
prevented
6 Soil contamination Storage houses shall have All material Site Engineer and Construction Included in
solid and sealed surfaces storage houses Maintenance Supervisor and construction
preferable hard concrete and worked in Operational costs and
shall be inspected before impermeable phase operational
commissioning. ground and costs
All fuel storage tanks will be bunded
bunded
7 Drip pans shall be provided Soil surface Site Engineer and Construction Included in
at supply points, which will clear of any oil Maintenance Supervisor and construction
also be inspected for spills Operational costs and
integrity and serviced phase operational
regularly costs
8 Recycling and/or reuse of All used oil Site Engineer and Construction 20
oils recycled or Maintenance Supervisor through
reused operational
phase
9 Water Surface Water Protection of water No presence of Site Engineer and Construction Included in
contamination/pollution resources from potentially pollutants in Maintenance Supervisor and construction
contaminating materials water All workers and guests Operational costs
phases
10 Ensure high hygiene Absence of Site Engineer, Heads of Construction Included in
practises occurrences of Departments and construction
water borne Operational and routine
diseases phases maintenance
costs
11 Greound water Regular maintenance of No sewer Maintenance OFficer Operational Included in
contamination from septic manholes, septic tanks and spills phase construction
tank and soakaways soakaways and routine
maintenance
costs
12 Ecosystems and Habitat destruction Limit land clearing and Non Site Engineer Construction Included in
Habitat habitat disturbance to areas construction phase Project
designated for construction sites left Engineer and

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Aspect Indicator
only. undisturbed Environmental
officer’s
supervisory
costs
13 Noise pollution Sensitisation of all workers Animals on Site Engineer, Construction Included in
and guests of the fact that site not Maintenance Supervisor and operation construction
they are in animal sanctuary disturbed by and Heads of phases. and operation
and that excessive noise was noise from Departments costs
not permitted project
activities
14 Creating awareness using Animals on Site Engineer, Construction Contained in
various channels including site not Maintenance Supervisor and operation construction
placement of notices against disturbed by and Heads of phases. and operation
noise pollution noise from Departments costs.
project
activities
15 Use of noise shields/filters Animals on Site Engineer, Preparation, Contained in
on noisy equipment site not Maintenance Supervisor Construction construction
disturbed by and Heads of and operation and operation
noise from Departments phases. costs.
project
activities
16 Loss of vegetation cover Siting of infrastructure to Land clearing Site Engineer Preparation Included in
consider vegetation cover to be confined and Design and
and confined to areas with to areas with Construction construction
less cover less cover stage costs.
All big trees to be left Majority of
uncleared to the extent big trees on
possible site left
Areas cleared to be undisturbed
revegetated All disturbed
open grounds
revegetated
17 Introduction of Invasive Exclude invasive alien Absence of Site Engineer, Construction Included in
Alien Species species from materials to be invasive Maintenance Supervisor and operation construction
used in revegetation and species on site and Heads of phases and operational
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Aspect Indicator
landscaping Departments costs
Sensitise staff and guests on
the challenge of allowing
invasive alien species on
site.
Regular inspection of boats
to ensure they do not carry
with them invasive alien
species
18 Increase in river siltation No excavation of river banks No evidence Site Engineer Tendering Included in
for building sand. of bank sliding and construction
Construct sand traps and eroded construction costs
downstream of quarried soils running
river beds. into the river
flow
19 Land Land degradation due to Ensure that all burrow pits Safety of Site Engineering Preparation Included in
burrow and gravel pits are licensed and all license wildlife and and construction
conditions are adhered to people construction costs.
including rehabilitation. maintained phases
20 Increased surface runoff Maintain vegetation cover Water runoff Site Engineer and Preparation , Included in
on site flowing Maintenance Officer construction construction
smoothly in and operation and routine
drainage phases maintenance
channels
21 Inappropriate Solid Waste receptacles provided No waste Site Engineer and Preparation , 10
Wastes disposal in all appropriate places found in Maintenance Officer construction
All wastes disposed of in undesignated and operation
appropriate places places phases
All waste bins in open areas All disposal
to have tight fitting lids to site license
prevent animal scavenging conditions
especially monkeys complied with
Waste disposal site to be
fenced off and managed as
per license conditions
Sanitary pads, biological and
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Aspect Indicator
biocontaminated wastes to
be disposed off in an
incinerator
22 Air Air pollution from dust Dampen ground to be All grounds to Site Engineer Preparation , Included in
worked with water be worked and construction
Use water bowsers to dampened construction costs
simmer down dust phase
Provide personal protective
equipment to workers
exposed to dust
23 Air pollution from No open air burning to be
burning conducted on site
Incenera

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7.2 Enhancement Plan for Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Impacts
The table given below present a summary of proposed interventions for enhancement of positive impacts associated with project implementation.
The table further provide guidance on management objectives, performance indicator and specific management responsibility for each intervention.
An implementation schedule has been included as well to guide timely implementation of the proposed management interventions together with
costing for budgetary purposes.
Table 22: Enhancement Plan for Socio-economic and Cultural Impacts

No. Environmental Identified Impact Enhancement Measures Performance Responsibility Timeframe Cost (K’m)
Aspect Indicator
1 Social Economy Creation of Jobs Promote and give preference Local residents to Contractor and Preparation, Included in
to local people in constitute the General Manager construction preparation,
employment majority on the phase and construction
establishment list operation phase and
operational
costs
2 Proliferation of Facilitate easy business Enhanced growth of Deputy General Construction Included in
Enterprises (Supply access for local enterprises local enterprises. Manager phase and operational
chains) Increased financial operation phase costs
capacity of local
people and
circulation of
money within the
local economy.
3 Increased flights in Work with aviation service Number of flights in General Manager Operation phase Included in
and out of Chiawa providers to improve service and out of Chiawa marketing
delivery to the area increased costs
Flight services
improved
4 Positive influence on Promote Chiawa as a Clear attraction of General Manager Construction Included in
tourism investments favourable investment investment flows phase and operational
destination into the area operation phase costs

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No. Environmental Identified Impact Enhancement Measures Performance Responsibility Time Frame Cost
Aspect Indicator (K’m)
5 Cultural and Encourage cooperation Encourage the The Construction Included
language and dialogue amongst development of Chieftainess, phase and in
exchanges various tribal groups in cultural groups Traditional operation phase operational
the area and forum for leaders, costs
cultural exchange community
and development, members,
including peace, Contractor,
unity and Protea Hotels
cooperation management
amongst all (General
peoples in the Manager and
area. Front Office
Supervisor)
6 Capacity Building – Provision of resources Improved Site Engineer Construction -
Local People and opportunities for performance of and Deputy and Operational
staff development workers initially General phase
engaged from Manager
within the
community.
7 Improved Actively participate in Improved Site Engineer Construction 300
infrastructure – roads development and accessibility and and General and operational
Roads, maintenance works easy of Manager phases
communication communication
8 Business Award in the first Empowerment of General Tender process,

empowerment for instance contracts to Zambian Manager construction
Zambians Zambian companies businesses and and operational
visible phases
contribution to
growth of the
Zambian

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No. Environmental Identified Impact Enhancement Measures Performance Responsibility Time Frame Cost
Aspect Indicator (K’m)
economy
9 Guarantee the Visible General Tender process,
Procurement of some contribution to Manager construction
prerequisites from growth of the and operational
Zambian firms and Zambian phases
locals, e.g. vegetables, economy and
cement, stones, etc reduction on
externalisation of
funds to foreign
countries
10 Revenue for Comply with all Positive General Tendering,
national regulations and contribution Manager construction
development requirements pertaining toward socio- and operational
Taxes and levies economic phases
development of
the area,
including timely
payment of all
taxes and levies
11 Increased social Contribute to community Prescence of Protea Hotels Construction 150
responsibility and development and social constant free will management and operational
partnerships needs financial and (General phases
material Manager),
donations for ZAWA, CRB
community and ZRA
development
projects
12 Increased Aggressive promotion of Development of General Operational Included
promotion of Zambia’s tourist spots attractive tourist Manager and phase in
Zambia and packages and Markleting marketing
Chiawa programmes Manager costs

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7.3 Mitigation Plan for Negative Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Impacts
Table 23 below is a summary of proposed interventions for mitigating identified negative socio-economic and cultural impacts of the project
covering the preparatory, construction and operational phases. The table provide guidance on management objectives, performance indicator and
specific management responsibility for each intervention. An implementation schedule has been included as well to guide timely implementation
of the proposed management interventions together with costing for budgetary purposes.
Table 23: Mitigation plan for socio-economic and cultural impacts

No. Environmental Identified Impact Enhancement/Mitigation Performance Responsibility Timeframe Cost (K’m)
Aspect Measures Indicator
1 Occupational Health Occupational Employ qualified Reduced risks and Site Engineer and Preparation, Included in
Hazards Hazards personnel and orient staff occurrences of Maintenance Construction construction
associated with on new tasks, accidents and health Supervisor and and operation
construction and Regular training and risks at places of work, Operational costs
lodge drilling of workers in including risks of death phases
management arising from injuries
OHS and emergency
response,
Provide appropriate PPE,
Provide basie inhouse
medical services
including proper First
Aid services
Provide appropriate
emergency response
facilities including fire
fighting.
.
2 Public Health and Increase in Provision of information, HIV/AIDS awareness Site Engineer, 25
Safety communicable education and awareness program in place and Protea Hotels
diseases (sexual materials on STIs and under implementation management (All
related) HIV/AIDS prevention, Heads of
including socio-economic Departments) and
support community
Provision of condoms members
3 Proliferation of Condoms readily Head Housekeeper Construction 40
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Prostitution available in toilets and and operational
in rooms phase
Awareness sensitisation NGOs involved in
on HIV/AIDS in place anti-Aids
campaigns
Policy on HIV/AIDS in Huuman Resources

place Manager
Link prostitutes with

social support services.
4 Wildlife Human Awareness creation on Minimised incidences Site Engineer, Construction Included in
Conflicts – prevention of Monkeys of human monkeys Maintenance and operational operational
Monkeys from scavenging from bins conflict Supervisor, phases costs
and stealing from people ZAWA, tourists
Orient all staff and guests and community
on responsible behaviour
towards wildlife
All workers and staff to be
accompanied by trained
tour guides and ZAWA
staff on outing into the
wild.
Animal corridors to be
respected
5 Public health Waste disposal to be done All wastes managed in Maintenance Construction 50
problems related at designated sites which an environmentally Supervisor and and operational
to inadequate are known by both ECZ sustainable manner (as Heads of phases
waste and the local council per ECZ, ZAWA and Departments
management KDC guidelines)
6 Noise and Minimise noise sources and Noise pollution Site Engineer Construction Included in
disturbance from protect workers controlled phase construction
construction and operation
works costs
7 Dust from Control dust by watering No reports of Site Engineer Construction Included in
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construction surroundings incidences of visibility phase construction
activities and respiratory costs.
disturbing people problems
and workers
8 Social despondency Pilfering and Enhance security measures No reported incidences Protea Hotels Construction Included in
thefts within the Lodge premises of pilfering and theft management and operational operational
and the community. (General Manager), phases costs
Create awareness. Zambia Police
Provide facility foir safe Services, ZAWA,
custody of valuable items. Neighbourhood
Employ honest staff. watch committees
9 Temporary Staff counsellingon on the Availability of an Site Engineer and Tendering, 15
separation of need for maintenance of operational counselling Human Resources construction
family units high moral standards and and awareness program Manager and operational
care for their families phase
Sensitisation on STIs and
HIV/AIDS
Provision of condoms and
health services including
voluntary counselling and
testing
10 Proliferation of Plan and provide short Sensitisation of staff on Site Engineer and Tendering,
new social breaks/holidays to allow the need for respect for Deputy General construction
structures and workers reunite with culsture Manager and operational
associates families Workers provided with phases
accommodation with
their families and
opportunities to meet
family members

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7.4 Emergency Response and Rescue Plan

The proposed Emergency Response Plan is hereby proposed to guide timely and effective response to emergency situations with the aim of
safeguarding life and property. It outlines basic procedures to follow during emergencies together with identification of roles and responsibilities
for each individual. Emergency contacts will also be maintained to that effect.
The table given below is a summarised Emergency Response Plan. The plan identifies likely emergency situations followed by an elaboration of
the proposed response and finally identifies the respondents. It is anticipated that implementation of the plan would safeguard the health and safety
of workers and prevent excessive loss of property.
Table 24: Emergency response and rescue plan

Emergency Action in Response Responsible for action Period Requirements
Fire occurrence Alert all workers and people by Person first noticing fire, Construction and Alarm installation
alarm system. operational Phase
All electrical supply points to be Departmental Head of fire Presence and use of fire exit points
switched off immediately. outbreak department
All workers assemble at Training in fire fighting
assembly fire point All workers/guests Fire extinguishers, water canons
Fight fire using appropriate Maintenance Supervisor and Buckets readily filled with sand
means and Designate fire
respondents
Report matter to authorities Site Engiuneer/Duty
Manager
s
Injuries amongst Apply first Aid, Evaluate and Site engineer/Duty Construction and First Aid facilities, Trained First
workers and/or Evacuate victim to nearest manager/First Aid operational Phase Aid Attendant, Stand-by medical
tourists hospital if necessary Attendant. evacuation services
Human animal Call in ZAWA officer to tame Site engineer/ Duty Construction and First Aid facilities, Trained First
conflict or decapitate animal and rescue manager/ZAWA Officer operational Phase Aid Attendant, Stand-by medical
person evacuation services
Apply first aid and follow up as First Aid Attendant.
appropriate
Food poisoning Apply First Aid, Evaluate and Site engineer/First Aid Construction and First Aid facilities, Trained First
Evacuate victim to nearest Attendant/Inhouse operation phase Aid Attendant, inhouse medical
hospital medical officer personnel, stand-by medical
_________________________________________________________________________
Emergency Action in Response Responsible for action Period Requirements
evacuation services
Drowning in Rescue from water Life server Operational Phase Qualified Life Saver, First Aid
swimming pool First Aid Attendant facilities and Trained First Aid
Administer First Aid, evaluate Attendant., Stand-by medical
and evacuate to nearest hospital evacuation services
if necessary

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7.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring is an important environmental monitoring tool in that it helps in tracking the
unfolding of anticipated project impacts. It is also aimed at ensuring timely implementation of proposed
interventions for enhancement and mitigation of identified impacts. Environmental monitoring also
helps in verifying if indeed the proposed measures are yielding the intended objectives based on which
new measures can be undertaken and lessons drawn for future planning.
Table 25 below is a summary of the environmental monitoring plan for development and operation of
Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi Lodge.

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Table 25: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental Method of monitoring Frequency Verifiable Indicator Means of verification Responsibility
component to be
monitored
Vegetation Site engineer shall Each time clearance of The area of vegetation Area for vegetation Site Engineer
ensure that excessive vegetation is being done cleared is minimal and clearance is clearly
clearance of vegetation through out construction limited to designated marked and is confined
is avoided and should period work areas. to the designs
be confined to the
project site
Gravel and sand Site Engineer to Weekly during the Gravel and sand burrow Geotechnical inspection Site Engineer
burrow pits physically inspect to mining phase and pits maintained in a safe reports
Pits monitor and ensure that monthly thereafter till and stable condition
gravel and sand pits are closure
safe and stable at all
times and that all
approval conditions are
adhered to
Ground and soils Inspection of sites for Periodical inspections Clean storage sites free Inspection Report Site Engineer and
storage of materials through out the from any oil or fuel Maintenance Supervisor
such as oil and fuels and construction Phase and spillage maintained
ensure they have sealed operation phase. through out construction
surfaces and are banded period and operational
or have drain sumps. phase.
Inspect the waste Periodical inspections Waste being disposed of Inspection Report Site engineer and
disposal sites through out the in designated sites and Maintenance Supervisor
construction period in approved method
Monitoring to ensure Periodical inspections Containers for Inventory of waste oil Site engineer and
used oil is being throughout the collection of used oil are disposal Maintenance Supervisor
collected for recycling construction phase and available on site
operational phase
Inspect integrity of Before fuel storage Presence of leakages Inspection Report Site engineer and
storage tanks and ensure tanks are put to use and Maintenance Supervisor

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component to be
monitored
that none has leakages monthly thereafter. Officer
The Site Engineer to Daily inspections Absence of highly No areas with water Site Engineer
make inspections and through out the compacted areas stagnation
ensure that heavy construction period
construction equipment
is confined to
designated roads within
the operational areas
Once earthworks are Each time earthworks Presence of vegetation Restoration program for Site Engineer
completed, the Site are completed through in disturbed areas re-vegetation of exposed
Engineer should out Construction period soils is available and is
monitor the restoration being implemented.
measures to be
implemented such as re-
vegetation
Occupational Hazards Regular monitoring to Periodical inspections Operational Manuals Occupational Health Site Engineer and
ensure that all facilities of machinery and on Safety, Health and and safety Monitoring Maintenance Supervisor
and equipment are in worker alike through Environment for and Audit Reports
good working condition out the construction construction workers is
and procedures for period developed and available
safety and health for all on site.
workers are srictly
enforced throughout
project implementation
Solid and liquid waste Monitor types and Observation of wastes Appropriated and Monitoring inspection Site Engineer and
disposal quantities of wastes generated and periodical approved waste disposal reports Maintenance Officer
generated and ensure Inspection of receptacles and sites are
that waste disposal is surroundings through identified, made
done in designated sites out the construction and available and used
approved by the local operational period
authority and ECZ.

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component to be
monitored
Wildlife and Wildlife ZAWA officer to carry Periodical inspections Absence of animal Inspection report Site Engineer and
Habitat out inspections and through out construction damage to project site Maintenance Supervisor
report evidence of and operation period Absence of intrusion
wildlife intrusion onto into animal corridors
the project site and to
check that wildlife
access
corridors are maintained
Socio-economic Conduct and ensure that Monthly sessions Program for education Education program Site Engineerand
environment education is given to throughout construction of construction workers Human Resources
construction and operational phase on STDs and HIV/AIDS Sensitization reports Manager
workers on STDs and is developed and being
HIV/AIDS using implemented
communication aids
such as video shows,
pamphlets, talks is
disseminated
Monitor and ensure Checking supplier lists Monthly Address of supplier List of suppliers Procurement officer
that procurement of
lodge requisites is
sourced from local
suppliers
Monitor and ensure Checking establishment Quarterly Employee addresses Establishment List Human Resources
that local people are list Manager
prioritised in
recruitment

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7.6 Decommissioning And Closure Plan
This Decommissioning and Closure Plan relate to the quarry sites to be developed for
excavation of sand and aggregates to be used in construction works. The Plan has been
prepared as part of the overall Environmental Management Plan for Protea Lower Zambezi
Lodge in line with the planning guidelines. It is anticipated that the sand and aggregate
quarry sites will be decommissioned and closed soon after completion of construction works
expected to last over a period of about 2 years. The Plan covers a description of all activities
that need to be carried out in order to effect decommissioning and closure of the quarry sites
in an environmentally friendly and socially acceptable manner.
7.6.1 Closure Vision
According to the Chiawa Game Management Area General Management Plan the area
hosting the proposed lodge is designated as a “Special Use Zone” whose purpose is to
promote tourism. In line with the above purpose the area is reserved for visitor Use and
Experience in Canoeing, Boating, Game viewing, Picnic, Camping, Research and
development, Lodging, Education, Bird watching, Mountain hiking and Walking Safaris.
Consequently, the following closure vision has been adopted:
“To render the quarry sites safe and suitable for alternative land use that is compatible with
surrounding land uses and future developmental planning by the authorities and other
stakeholders without disturbance from residual project impacts.”
7.6.2 Decommissioning and Closure Objectives
In line with the above Vision the following constitute the Decommissioning and Closure
Objectives for the quarry sites:
• To render the sites safe;

• To restore quarry site land-use capability that is compatible with the developmental
needs and zoning of the area in tune with the general environmental setting of the
surrounding areas.
In line with the above objectives two options exist for site decommissioning and closure –
Land Fill Site and Animal Watering Point. Protea Hotels proposes use of the aggregate
quarry site as a landfill waste disposal site and the sand quarry as an animal watering trough.
7.6.3 Alternative Land Use for Closed Sites
7.6.3.1 Land Fill Site
The proposed development is a tourist resort which is expected to generate various types of
waste during both the construction and operational phases. The waste so generated will
require to be disposed off in an environmentally safe manner. Quarry pits located away from
sensitive areas such as water sources can be safely used for waste disposal provided
safeguards are put in place and hence the proposal for use of the aggregates quarry as a waste
disposal site.

_________________________________________________________________________
Preparation of the quarries for waste dumping in this regard will require approval from ECZ
and Kafue District Council. Further, additional works will be required such as lining of the
stabilised surface with clay as a filtering material to prevent ground water pollution.
7.6.3.2 Animal Watering Point
Quarrying for sand will result in the creation of natural depressions in the ground which can
save as collection points for water. Being a GMA with abundant animal resources, the
quarries can readily be used as watering holes for animals.
7.6.4 Decommissioning and Closure Activities
The following activities will be undertaken as part of the decommissioning and closure plan
for the quarry sites.
• Site Cleanup and Decontamination: The sites will be cleaned up by removing any
litter and debri lying about and disposed of safely. Any sites noted to be contaminated
such as areas manifesting heavy oil spills will be decontaminated by use of
appropriate methods e.g. bioremediation
• Site Stabilisation: Geotechnical assessments will be carried out to establish required
site stabilisation works for safety and long term stability. Actual works will include
levelling, slope profiling, compacting, etc as appropriate.
• Top Soil Reprofiling and Landscaping: Top soil stripped and stockpiled during site
preparation at the opening up of the quarry will be reprofiled back in an appealing
landscape to aid vegetation recolonisation and blending of the site into the surrounding
aesthetic view.
• Revegetation: Grass will be planted around the reprofiled area preferably at the
beginning of the rainy season. The grass will be transplanted from surrounding areas
to avoid introduction of alien species. Other works will involve fencing in the case of
the dump site to prevent animals from accessing the site with potential to ingest
inedible materials such as plastics.
• Post Rehabilitation Care, Maintenance and Monitoring: Post planting preventive
maintenance works will be carried out at the sites to ensure successful site healing and
establishment of vegetation. This would include watering and replanting where
whether conditions are not favourable, anti erosion works such as stone pitching and
gully formation control, etc.
7.7 Implementation of the EMP
Implementation of the EMP during the Preparatory and Construction phase of the EMP will
be the responsibility of the Site Engineer while the Operational Phase will fall under the
responsibility of the Maintenance Supervisor who will report to the Deputy General Manager.
Implementation of the EMP at the Departmental level will be the responsibility of each Head
of Department under the general guidance of the Maintenance Supervisor.
Management of environemntal aspects associated with accomodation and associated facilities

will thus be the responsibility of the Rooms Divisional Heads of Departments while those
aspects to do with food/beverages and associated facilities will be the reponsibility of the

_________________________________________________________________________
Food and Beverage Divisional Heads of Departments. All the other environemntal aspects
including safety issues, grounds maintenance, waste disposal, transportation, etc will fall
under the responsibility of the Maintenance Officer
A Health and Safety Committee will be constituted with representation from all Departments.
The Committee to be chaired by the Deputy General Manager will meet once a month to
review implementation of the EMP and render guidance on how best to achieve its
objectives.Figure 9 below present the proposed Management Structure at Protea Hotels
Lower Zambezi Lodge.
General Manager
Deputy General Manager
Health and Safety Committee
Rooms Deivision Manager Food and Beverage Manager

Maintenance Supervisor
Front Office Supervisor
Head House Keeper
Laundry Supervisor
Head Bar Man

Head Chef
Figure 12: Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi Lodge Organisational Structure

_________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION
Chiawa GMA is a management unit requiring systematic and prudent approaches in

management if ecosystem balances are to be maintained. This assessment therefore shows
that though the proposed area is a GMA and is quite sensitive in nature, development of the
proposed project in full compliance with the proposed enhancement and mitigation measures
would result in very minimal negative impacts on ecosystems. On the other hand it would
yield significant positive socio-economic impacts.
Though the area upon which the intended development would be located is smaller compared
to the total area of the GMA, development on the proposed facility must be done with strict
adherence to measures outlined in this report if the impacts of the project are to be avoided
and in turn maintain the ecology of the area in a healthy state.
Critical also in the whole process of enhancing sustainable development in this area is the
need for increased collaboration with various stakeholders currently operating and having
widespread interests in the area. Key stakeholders which the developer shall endeavor to co-
operate and collaborate with throughout the life span of the proposed project include the
Chiyaba Royal Establishment, ZAWA, KDC, NHCC, ECZ, CLA, CLZ, CHIKODA, MTENR
vis-à-vis REMNPAS, CRB and many other CBOs .
On the basis of observations made during the public consultation process involving meetings
and discussions with the local community, developers in the area, local leaders and other
stakeholders it was clear that the project raised a lot of interest. Some stakeholders
challenged the size of the development arguing that 72 rooms was not permissible in Zone 1
according to the Draft Chiawa GMA General Management Plan (GMP). It has further been
argued that the proposed site at Donatini is within the proposed Chiawa Partnership Park.
However, a review of the said Draft GMP showed that it does not stipulate any limitation on
bed capacity (Appendix 2) and as such the proposed development is not in conflict with the
policy guidelines contained in the said GMP. Further, the proposed development site at
Donatini is not within but out side the boundaries of the proposed Chiawa Partnership Park
(Appendix 10). It is equally clear that the majority of people in Chiawa expressed desire for
the development to be implemented at the proposed bed capacity. It was the majority’s view
that the project could be implemented in an environmentally friendly and socially responsible
manner to the benefit of both the environment and the populace in the Chiawa area and the
nation as a whole. In view of the above, it is the developer’s hope that the proposal will
receive favourable consideration.

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REFERENCES
Cairney T. (1966) The Geology of Leopard Hill Area, Explanation of Degree Sheet 1528, SE.
Quarter Report No. 28, Records Of Geol. Survey. GRZ. Cited in ZAWA 2009
AWF Publication, Chiawa Game Management Area Socioeconomic Baseline Report 2005.
Cited in ZAWA 2009
AWF Publication; Zambezi Heartland Enterprise Scoping Consultancy Report, 2003. Cited in
ZAWA 2009
Chanda. G and Tembo. A. 1993. The status of elephant on the Zambian Bank of the Middle
Zambezi Valley. Pachyderm 16: 48 – 50. Cited in ZAWA 2009
Chansa W. 2006. Dry season herbivore utilisation of open plains and islands in Lower
Zambezi National Park, Zambia. Unpublished. Cited in ZAWA 2009
Fergusson. R.F. 2005. Status Report for Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious) in the Zambezi Heartland. Report compiled for
African Wildlife Foundation (Zambezi Heartland Programme). Asante Sana Consulting (Pvt)
Ltd. Cited in ZAWA 2009
Game. I. 2006. Lower Zambezi National Park Draft Management Plan. Cited in ZAWA 2009
GRZ (1989) National Heritage Conservation Commission Act, Cap 173. Cited in ZAWA
2009
Leigh. K. 2006. The Ecology and conservation biology of the endangered African wild dog
(Lycaon pictus), in the Lower Zambezi Zambia. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy, University of Sydney. Cited in ZAWA
2009
Mwima H.K. and Yoneda. K. 1995. Preliminary Report on the Aerial Census of large
mammals in the Lower Zambezi National Park. Report submitted to the Director NPWS dated
April 21, 1995. Cited in ZAWA 2009
Nyirenda. V, Sichone. P and M’soka. J. 2007. Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

population estimates, structure and distribution for the Lower Zambezi Area. Unpublished.
Cited in ZAWA 2009
Simwanza. H.I. 2004. Wet season Distribution and Abundance of Elephants in the Lower
Zambezi Ecosystem, Zambia: April 2004. A report submitted to the African Wildlife
Foundation and the Zambia Wildlife Authority. Cited in ZAWA 2009
Simwanza, H.I. 2005. Aerial Survey of Large Herbivores in the Zambezi Heartland, Zambia:
October 2005. Country Report. Submitted to the African Wildlife Foundation and the Zambia
Wildlife Authority. Cited in ZAWA 2009

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Stanton C. 2004, Faces of the Valley, African Wildlife Foundation Publication. Cited in
ZAWA 2009
Timberlake.J. 2000 Biodiversity of the Zambezi Basin. Biodiversity foundation for Africa.
Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No.9. Cited in ZAWA 2009
Van Aarde, R. 2006. The study of elephants across the Zambian Landscape: January –
December 2005 Progress Report (Report Submitted to the Zambia Wildlife Authority).
Conservation Ecology Research Unit. University of Pretoria. Cited in ZAWA 2009
ZAWA 2009, Chiawa Game Management Areas General Management Plan (Draft)

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APPENDICES
Appendix 1 EIA/EMP Study Terms of Reference (TOR)
PROTEA HOTELS ZAMBIA LTD
LOWER ZAMBEZI HOTEL PROJECT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Protea Hotels Zambia Ltd is a Zambian based hotel investment company that is a subsidiary of
Union Gold Zambia Ltd. Protea Hotels Zambia Ltd has acquired a plot number 8010/m in the
Lower Zambezi and intends to construct an ultra luxurious 60 bedroom hotel on site.
The project plot measures 12.36 hectares and the Zambezi River forms the boundary on the
southern side of the plot. The site is 60 km downstream from Chirundu.
This development partly stems from the fact that the company is in possession of an
investment Certificate number ZDA/0086/11/07 issued by the Zambia Development Agency
(ZDA).
1.1 THE PLANNED LOWER ZAMBEZI HOTEL

Protea Lower Zambezi will be a high quality, ultra modern and luxurious hotel development
in the Lower Zambia. It will create 100 new jobs in the area and will bring many new
opportunities to local people living in the area.
It is the intention of Protea to make this one of the best known hotels in the region which will
bring additional visitors to Zambia. The Hotel will be architecturally designed to blend into
the surrounding area and the structures will be of a permanent nature.
1.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENT

In Zambia, this type of development requires the completion of an environmental impact
assessment study and approval of the project by the Environmental Council of Zambia
through review and decision making over the submitted environmental impact statement
report by developers. This legal requirement is as a result of provisions of the law, namely,
the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act, (EPPCA) Cap 204 of the laws of
Zambia and as read with the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations ( EIA) of 1997.
In accordance with the requirements of the EPPCA and EIA Regulations, Protea Hotels Zambia
Limited required to submit Terms of Reference (TOR) for its Lower Zambezi Hotel Project to
the Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ) for review and approval.
2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

The main objective of the TOR is to ensure that the Lower Zambezi Hotel Project
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) addresses all the project environmental and social
impacts.
2.1 THE COMPANY

Protea Hotel Zambia Ltd is a Zambian based hotel Investment Company that own and operate
five hotels in Zambia. It is the vision of Protea Hotels Zambia Ltd to be providers of quality,

_________________________________________________________________________
affordable accommodation throughout Zambia. Already Protea Hotels Zambia Limited
operates in Lusaka, Livingstone, Chingola and Chisamba. This will be the sixth hotel
development for Protea Hotels Zambia Limited.
In order to recruit a consulting firm for the spearheading of the EIA process for the Hotel
Project, Protea Hotel Zambia Limited recruited Binary Solutions environmental consultants in
January 2009.
Protea Hotel Zambia Limited through Binary Solutions Environmental Consultants will
provide information on all matters specified in EIA Regulations, Part III, Regulation 11 and
other matters as are considered necessary by the Environmental Council of Zambia and other
key stakeholders. Binary Solutions will prepare the impact statement report in consultation with
Protea Hotel Zambia Limited and all stakeholders for the hotel project in the Lower Zambezi
area as well as in Chieftainess Chiyaba’s Chiefdom.
2.2 PROJECT TEAM

The following will comprise the team of consultants for the EIA:-
Mathew Saili Mechanical Engineer- Project Coordinator

Christopher Chisense Environmental Specialist
Bwembya Mwanza Air Specialist
Chisanga Mulenga Social-Economic Specialist
Aubrey Mulenga Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Specialist.
Stanley Lyalabi Structural / Roads Engineer
Moses Mulambya Chemist
Doreen Chipika Bwalya Hydrologist / Waste and Sewerage Management
Marijan Lungu Structural /Drainage Engineer
Shadreck Nsongela Principal Ecologist and Wildlife Management expert
Jayson.Wamulume Water Resource Expert
The key contacts (for the project) from Protea Hotels Zambia Limited are Mr. Adam
Lethbridge and Mr. S.M. O’Donnell.
2.3 PRELIMINARY PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Preliminary Consultations have been ongoing with Protea Hotels Zambia Limited holding
discussions with various Government authorities and traditional leaders. The meetings were
mainly held during the preliminary impact assessment process when the Environmental project
brief for the project was being developed. Discussions were also carried out with stakeholders
such as the Ministry of Lands as well as Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) through the office
of the Manager for Tourism development and Marketing.
Further consultations with the Environmental Council of Zambia led to the ECZ directing that a
more detailed study be conducted for the project due to the area being ecologically sensitive as a
result of being located in a game management area.
The questions that will be raised and the results of the Meetings with stakeholders will be used
to develop the Environmental Impact Statement Report and will also form part of the input in
the environmental management plan for the Hotel Project. Protea Hotel Zambia Limited will
endeavour to increase the scope of consultations so as to encompass all the government and
private stakeholder institutions so that the project meets all the legal and institutional laws and

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guidelines that will assist in mitigating any perceived negative impacts. Institutions such as the
Environmental Council of Zambia, Zambia National Tourist Board, National Tourism Council
of Zambia, National Heritage and Conservation Commission and the National Council for
Construction will play a major role in this consultative process for the EIA and subsequent
development of the Impact Statement.
3.0 EIA DOCUMENT STRUCTURE

The proposed structure of the Lower Zambezi Hotel EIA document by Protea Hotel Zambia
Limited will conform to the requirements of both the Zambian Environmental Regulations and
international practices.
Proposed EIA Structure
Executive Summary
Introduction
Legislation Review
Public Consultation
Project Description
Baseline Environmental and Social Study
Project Environmental and Social Impacts
Mitigating Measures
Environmental and Social Management Plan
Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental Management Costs.
3.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STUDY

A detailed baseline environmental study of the project area will be undertaken to cover:-
• Climate;
• Air quality;
• Topography;
• Geology and Hydrogeology;
• Hydrology;
• Aquatic flora and fauna;
• Terrestrial flora and fauna;
• Animal movements in area
• Land use and land classification evaluation;
• Background radiation survey;
• Noise;
• Archaeological and Cultural sites;
• Infrastructure and communications; and
• Social/cultural/economics
The baseline environmental and social study will be carried out using three methods which
include;
• A desktop review of existing information on the biophysical and social environment of
the Project area in the Lower Zambezi area.
• Site visits and investigations into specific onsite conditions such as soil, air quality,
surface and groundwater quality and heritage sites or sites of historical importance.

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• Investigating issues with regards to animal corridors and highlighting aspects relating to
any rare or endangered plant and animal species.
• Further public consultation to inform the local population about the progress of the
Environmental Impact Assessment. This will be spearheaded by the Public Hearing
meeting provided for under the EIA regulations and organised by Protea Hotels Zambia
Limited and a later one by the ECZ.
4.0 LOWER ZAMBEZI HOTEL PROJECT POTENTIAL IMPACTS

The Lower Zambezi Hotel Project for Protea Hotel Zambia Limited has potential impacts
which could be classed under
• environmental
• social
• cultural and
• Economic impacts.
The EIA will address these in more details. Some of the main impacts to be addressed include
the following:-
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Hydrology,
• diversion of runoff around construction areas;
• effects on surface water flow regime and quantity;
• surface runoff rates to surface waters;
• siltation of the nearby river;
• effects on surface water quality, dust in runoff off roads and hotel construction area
runoff,
• effects on surface water quality by contamination with potential sources of waste
Groundwater,
• effects on groundwater quality due to construction operations and waste management
practises on site.
• Effects on groundwater due to sewerage waste management on site.
Landscape,
• visual impact of hotel project;
• Terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna,
• loss of natural habitat from the project area and nearby stream;
• restricted movement of fauna across the project area and game management area due to
construction;
• effects on flora and fauna bio-diversity;
• natural revegetation of cleared areas; and
Land use,
• effects on land use and land potential in project area and surroundings;
• impacts of project in relation to the neighbouring National Park area;
Infrastructure and Communications,

• effect of increased road traffic on existing roads;

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• effects due to electrification along access route and the Project area;
• impact of construction of the access roads;
• impact of construction and upgrading of amenities in surrounding area;
Air Quality,
• Effects of dust generation from raw material transportation, off-loading and construction
operations;
• Cement and other raw materials storage and use onsite and effects on ambient air
quality.
4.2 SOCIAL, CULTURAL and ECONOMIC IMPACTS

• Effect on employment opportunities in the project area;
• Construction of associated infrastructure;
• In-migration of people through enhanced employment opportunities;
• Friction between local people and immigrants for jobs;
• Effects of injection of money into local economy through salaries;
• Improved business opportunities especially for the supply and contractor industries in
Chirundu and Chiawa;
• upgrading of existing access roads around the project area providing easier access;
• Improved social/community services such as clinics, schools and recreation facilities;
• Improved standards of living through increased spending power,
• Expansion of the economy through development of other occupations i.e. increase in
suppliers and supply chain management opportunities such as provision of cement and
local labour for the hotel construction process.
• Market generated for curios products sold locally and benefits to the supply-chain
management industry.
• Creation of world class lodging and leisure facilities in the lower Zambezi area.
• Increasing Zambia’s tourism potential leading to increased income from tourism in the
area.
5.0 SCHEDULE
The Lower Zambezi Hotel Project Environmental Impact Assessment commenced in 2008 at
EPB level. The study was upgraded to a full impact assessment study in January 2009 and the
study is expected to be complete by April 2009. The EIA study involves submission of terms of
reference for the full environmental impact assessment study and the development of the
Environmental Impact Statement report (EIS) for submission to the Environmental Council of
Zambia for decision making.
Protea Hotel Zambia Limited is committed to ensuring that the hotel project impacts are
mitigated for prior to project implementation and that all design plans meet the highest levels
both locally and internationally so that the hotel complies with the highest levels of safety,
health, quality, environmental, tourism and hospitality standards
6.0 CONCLUSION
Once the Terms of Reference are approved by the ECZ, Binary Solutions Limited on behalf
of Protea Hotel Zambia Limited will endeavour to conduct the impact assessment study and
document all findings in the impact statement. Binary Solutions will also develop a
management plan for potential impacts and this will be incorporated in the report, together
with a fully costed monitoring plan.

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The impact statement will be submitted to ECZ for subsequent review and approval.
Upon approval of the EIS, Protea Hotels Zambia Limited will commence procurement as well
as preparatory work on site for the construction of the Lower Zambezi Hotel.
It is our hope that the project will meet all the environmental standards and requirements and be
able to provide high quality but affordable hotel lodging, conferencing and other leisure
facilities.

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Appendix 2 Land Use Provisions under the Chiawa GMA General Management Plan
The following land use provisions are made in the Chiawa GMA General Management Plan:
Zone I - Special Use Zone
Description: - Eastern part of Chiawa GMA comprises of the Zambezia Farm and the
Chiawa Partnership Park (CPP). The area is bordered by Chongwe River on the East,
Zambezi River on the south and the Musekwa River on the West. It covers part of the
Chiawa Valley floor and the Zambezi escarpment. The area is rich in natural resources
and acts as a buffer zone between the National Park and the Development zone.
Natural resources in the area include the Zambezi and Chongwe rivers, Chongwe falls,
Mbombochene plains, predominantly, Mopane woodland in the valley floor and
Miombo woodland on the escarpment, a variety of birdlife and Wildlife can be found
in the area, with the Zambezi and Chongwe Rivers as a rich source of fish.
Purpose: - To promote Private Public Partnership (PPP) in the conservation of

biodiversity (Wildlife, fisheries and other natural resources), and heritage resources in
order to enhance social economic development of the Chiawa community through
Tourism.
Accessibility:- Road, Water and Air.
Visitor Use and Experience:- Canoeing, Boating, Game viewing, Picnic, Camping,
Research and development, Lodging, Education centre, Bird watching, Mountain
hiking, Walking Safaris.
Permissible Development:-
All new development should be at least 50m from the river banks;
Lodges;
Game viewing and management loops;
Water points;
Research;
Communication infrastructure;
Entry and exit gates;
Non-consumptive tourism;
Education Centre;
Fire Breaks;
Air strips;
Scouts camps.
Permissible Activities:-
Road development to be only for management roads and game viewing loops;
No permanent settlements and cultivation;
No Logging;
No additional Airfields (Maintain the 2);
Tour guide;
Security checks;
Game viewing;

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Game drives;
Operations and management;
Provision of water points;
Photographing;
Bird viewing;
Walking safaris;
Picnicking;
Research development;
Law enforcement and monitoring;
Canoeing;
Boating;
Angling; and
All commercial activities shall be Tourism based.
Prohibited Activities:-
Uncontrolled bush burning;
No hunting;
No resource extraction except for research purposes; and
No noisy entertainment.
Fishing by net and commercial fishing
Prohibited Facilities:-
No tarred roads;
No development allowed along the animal corridors; and
No human settlements (Villages).
Zone II - Development Zone
Description:- This is the Chiawa Valley floor part of Chiawa GMA. The Kafue
River, Zambezi River and the Musekwa River border the area, with the Zambezi
escarpment forming the Northern boundary. This is where Human activities are
currently concentrated. (Settlements, Schools, Clinics, Farms, Lodges, Camps,
Hunting, etc).
Purpose:- To provide for planned development and sustainable use of natural

resources in order to enhance the livelihood of the Chiawa Community.
Accessibility:- Road, water and Air
Visitor Use and Experience:- Boat cursing, Hunting, Fishing, crocodile egg
collection, Agriculture product trading, Wild fruit trading, external trading, Education,
Kairara traditional ceremony, walking safaris, cultural village, lodges, camps, Health,
etc.
Permissible Development:
Agriculture;
Hunting;
Tourism;
Education;
Health;

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Infrastructure development; and
Approved settlements through Village headmen.
Limits of Acceptable Use:

No extra commercial farmland exceeding 250 ha and in conformity with the local
community.
There shall be one Hunting Company at any given time.
CRB funds shall be used by general consensus from the community.
Bona Fide hunting quotas to benefit locals.
Zone III - Conservation Limited Use
Description:- This is part of the Zambezi escarpment, which is the national heritage
feature, forming the northern part of Chiawa GMA covered by Miombo woodland. It
has several national resources such as wildlife and forests including heritage sites
(Fossils, Caves, and shrines). This Zone constitutes almost 60% of the GMA.
Purpose:-
To conserve natural resources including heritage sites while allowing appropriate
visitor use and experience.
Social economical activities and other developments in a way that does not impact
negatively on the existing resources.
Accessibility
By road and by Air.
Visitor Use and Experience

Mountain climbing;
View points;
Photography;
Picnic sites;
Walking safaris;
Bird watching
Hunting;
Mountain hikes;
Camp sites;
Resource harvesting/utilization e.g. bat manure (Guano);
Honey collecting;
Cultivate/Ethno-tourism (caves, Nyakwilimba); and
Helicopter flying.
Permissible Development
Camp site;
Picnic site;
Scouts camp;
View points;
New roads (Gravel);
Water points;
Hides;
Information and interpretation centre (Education centres) Research centres;

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Cable car;
Filming, bird sound recording;
Communication infrastructure; and
Walking safaris.
Limitation of Acceptable Use

Photography;
Mountain climbing;
Bird watch and hunting;
Ethno tourism;
Law enforcement and management;
Helicopter flying;
Picnicking;
Research and monitoring; and
Education Visits.
Prohibited Activities
No tarred roads;
No farming;
No charcoal burning/deforestation;
No collection of fossils and artefacts; and

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Appendix 3: Site Plan and Building Plans

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Appendix 4: Sample Press Adverts

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Appendix 5: Minutes of the EIA/EMP Scoping Meeting
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF A

HOTEL IN CHIYABA EAST GAME MANAGEMENT AREA BY PROTEA HOTELS
MINUTES OF THE SCOPING MEETING
Date: Saturday, 18th April 2009

Time: 10:00 hrs
Venue: Chiyaba Basic School
Attendance:
The following people attended the meeting:
№ NAME ORGANISATION/TITLE CONTACT
DETAILS
1 Margaret B. Mubita Immigration Department 0977- 762292/0955-
Zulu 762293
2 Harry A. Phiri Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) 0977-388955
Email:harry68p@ya
hoo.com
3 Ian Thomson Lower Zambezi Conservation Trust Email:development
@lcct.org
0978- 054839
4 Scotty Brown Baines River Camp Camp@BainesRiver
camp.org
O976- 279901
5 Isaiah Museto Chikonda /LZCT 0977-890692
isaiahmuseto@yaho
o.co.uk
6 Ant Kambazis) Royal Zambezi Wildlife Safaris 0977-790350

7 Mr. Kwete Kampenta 0978-863239
8 Kanguma Headman 0976- 186740
Muchochoma
9 Feb Mateisamwa
10 Esnat Tembo
11 Moreen Chigule

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12 Jackson G. Zwanga C.C.R.B. 0977-515785
13 Soda White Chawa Cultural Village Chairman 0979-654887
Nyatsanga
14 Dasmata Chinamia W.P.O) ZAWA. 0979-260407
15 Lawrence Sipangi Business Man
16 Blackson N. Zulu H.B.C. Chairperson 0976-604737
17 Joseph Kajiwa A.D.C Chairman 0977- 698660
18 Saimon Tembo H.Matekenya 0976-176663
19 Mike Chipanda Maunda Village 0978-124042
20 Justin Chibanga Headman Vice Chiawa 0976-093020
21 David Kazunga Headman Chilimanga 0978-518439
22 Emeldah Chigure Kandoko Village 0979-168903
23 Malama Zimba Chilimanga Village
24 Emeldah Kakumbo Maunda Village
25 Margret Chiwabata Kandolo Village
26 Chrispin Simwanza ECZ 0966- 668843
27 Kellys Mwewa ECZ 0977-535465
28 Obed Kalubeto Immigration 0977-404161
29 Francis Habasone Education 0977-379022
30 David Matesamwa Village /ACC
31 Anderson Daka ZAWA 0978-265923
32 Simon Zulu 0976-212467
33 Lucas Kapomba Farmer
34 Paul Kajiye Farmer
35 Edweck Mazuku Farmer 0977-579784
36 Fred Malako Bricklayer 0979-996140
37 Smith Mbasela Forman 0979-901834
38 Samuel Kazunga Villager
39 Victor Musonda Shelter Designs 0977-702246/0211
234785
40 Mpiam Zimba Chilimanga 0976-701114
41 Malama Zimba ,, ,,
42 Maren Mpinyuka ,,
43 Monica Tembo Muzama Village 0979- 580699

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44 Justina Mambo ,, 0977-625295
45 Mary Kaolwa Bunduza Village 0979,519702
46 Tambuzayi Kapesa Kandoko
47 Idah Njovu Maunda Village
48 P.S. Lungu MOH 0977-197574
49 K.Saize Chief’s Retainer Chilimanga
50 S. Mayenga Chilimanga 0977-363417
51 Nevers Mulinganiza Villager NIL
52 John Muzengeza Villager 0977-362210
53 Tembo Rabson Villager 0978-961741
54 Kapesa Peter Villager 0976-545598
55 Kelvin Katongomala Villager
56 Lambi Tembo Kandoko
57 Alex Medinger Kasaka River Lodge 0979-081168
58 Chris Fender Chachaom 0977-446682
59 Josphat Cole Kambaje
60 C.Nyambanambo Kambotwe
61 Geofrey Mubanga Ugl 0977-686545
62 L.S. Kabona V/Headman 0977-146011
63 Kakumbe VILLAGE CHIUYE
64 Lewton Mpilipili Community Member
65 Iready Chanka
66 Mable Chavunga Community Member 0976-918664
67 Iready Chansa Community Member 0977-78787
68 Sydney Tembo ZAWA 0977678787
69 Jassiel M’soka ZAWA 0955-927367
70 Gilbert Mambo H/Chapanga
71 Valentine Meba DC’s Officer 0975-043135
72 Jean Berejera 0976493085
73 Jone’s D.Katiyo ZAWA 0977-755942
74 Mr. Matanda John Ministry Of Education 0977-987431
75 Mwanag’andu Simon Union Gold (Z) 0977-596688
76 Muzukila Gerald Farmer 0977-603755
77 Peter Kazangarale Worker 0977-993486

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78 Kinah Mabbolobbolo Teacher 0979-479092
79 Tapson Kundongo Headman Kanyenza
80 Changala Meleki Chilimanga Village 0979-558633
81 Tombera Borna
82 R.Nkhoma ZAWA
83 Steven Chiyaba Chilimanga Villager 0977-267292
84 Stenford Silapweya
85 Kishanu Kabona Kilimanga Villager
86 K.M Kumwanse Chilye Village
87 Smat Kapesa Chilye Village
88 Nicholas Chiuzi Headman Kalipangwe
89 Swisha Brian ZANIS 0977-498195
90 Stephen Mulenga Dc’s Office 0977-610156
91 Dr. M.K. Kafue District Health Management Team 0977-969429
Lembalemba
92 M. Muwowo Forestry Dept 0979-674914
93 Denis Musatwe Kafue DHMT 0977-845511
94 Malambo Stanley Kafue District Council 0977-877298
95 Adam Lethbridge Protea Hotels Union Gold 0977-860657
96 Ernest Shikalomo Rehabilitation 0976-861767
97 Halison Phiri Forman
97 Abarn Phiri Headman
99 Joseph Mvula Secretary 0978-624638
100 Dominic Mambo Farmer
101 Chrispin Mambo 0967-515566
102 Catherine Chipungu
103 W.Chiwakata
104 Maisama Kandoko
105 Cathirene Kapini
106 Esnart .Chifungu
107 Mother Chiwakata
108 Moreen .Chigule
109 Nchimunya .H Binary Solutions 0979-301544
110 Triness Women Kabwalu

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111 Jan Makoni ,, ,,
112 Ellen Shikalomo Woman Shikalomo
113 Catherine Nyirongo Headwoman Chingamini 0979-218009
114 Rodah Chiawa
115 Maurice Kakusa Secretary Mafungautsi 0977296340
116 Enough Mafungaushi Headman Mafungaushi
117 Loti Nyangu Headman Mushanga 0976-912986
118 Andrew Mobota Headman Makanya
119 Amos Tembo Headman Maunda
120 Cevelia Tembo Maunda Community Member 0977-660437
121 Grace Mzengeza Kalipano Community Member
122 Eliza Chokota Headman Kandogo
123 Chiawa Bornface Councillor 0977-834606
124 Kesia Sakala Chief Rep (L.G) 0977-874093
125 Mauro Guardigli Protea Hotels Zambia 0977-686550
126 Peter Franceskides Union Gold 0977-868658
127 Shadreck Y.Nsongela Binary Solutions 0977-815941
128 Charles Chingure Headman Kandoko 0976-880594
129 Idah Mazwanya Chingamire Village
130 Lovemore ,, ,,
131 Abinery Phiri Kandoko
132 Lotti Kapini Maunda
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Welcome Remarks by Her Royal Highness Chieftainess Chiyaba
3. Introduction to the Project and its Activities
4. The Project Site and its Characteristics
5. Plenary Discussions: Clarifications, Submissions and Discussion of Issues of Concern
to Include in the EIA Study Terms of Reference
6. Brief Remarks by Town Clerk
7. Closure of the Meeting

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1. Introduction
The meeting was called to order at 10:55 when Mr. Shadreck Nsongela, the meeting
facilitator of Binary Solutions (EIA Consultants) welcomed the participants and apologized
for the delayed commencement of the meeting. Mr. Nsongela explained that this was due to
the breakdown of the pontoon which made it difficult for the facilitating team to arrive at the
meeting venue in good time. Mr. Nsongela further recognized the presence of Her Royal
Highness Chieftainess Chiyaba. At this point Her Royal Highness proposed that a prayer be
given before the meeting could proceed. Consequently a prayer was offered by one of the
headmen after which Mr. Nsongela asked participants to introduce themselves.
After introductions, Mr. Nsongela went on to talk about the purpose of the meeting. To this
effect, Mr. Nsongela informed the audience that the focus of the meeting was the proposed
establishment of a hotel in the area by Protea Hotels. He explained that provisions under the
Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act (EPPCA) and the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Regulations require that an environmental impact assessment be conducted
before implementation of a project of that magnitude and that stakeholders in the project area
should be consulted. He said this was necessary to ensure that development does not
endanger or degrade the environment of the area. Mr. Nsongela stressed that there was need
for a balance between environment and development for the well being of people.
He further mentioned that it was necessary that local stakeholders who are likely to be
affected by the project should be consulted to facilitate their input into the said project, and
that the first meeting of such consultations was the scoping meeting which was a forum for
highlighting all issues of concern which needed to be looked into by the study with regard to
project development and the environment.
Mr. Nsongela said all the submissions and issues raised in the meeting would constitute the
basis of the study and would be considered in project planning and solutions found. He said
the findings of the study would be compiled into an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Report and solutions to the challenges incorporated into an Environmental Management Plan
(EMP). Mr. Nsongela elaborated that an EIA report was a document that provide information
about the project, the project area and issues of concern including mitigation measures to
prevent damage to the environment or the welfare of people in the project area.
On follow up to the meeting Mr. Nsongela informed the audience that once the EIA report
and Management Plan were ready, another meeting called a “Disclosure Meeting” would be
called to report back on how the study addressed the issues raised at the scoping meeting. Mr.
Nsongela further informed the audience that the meeting would help them reflect on how well
their issues of concern were addressed and that they were free to offer alternative solutions at
that meeting too. In concluding his presentation Mr. Nsongela stressed the importance of
stakeholder consultation and the EIA process in general as that of ensuring that the project
was implemented in a way that did not degrade the environment and enhanced the well-being
of the people. After presentation Mr Nsongela invited questions and clarifications on what he
had just presented. .
In response to the invitation for clarifications, Mr Ian Thompson from the Lower Zambezi
Conservation Trust (LZCT) indicated that he would like to make his submission by email and

_________________________________________________________________________
asked for the email address of the consultant, Binary Solutions. Further to this he asked as to
whether or not the project was already approved to which Mr. Nsongela replied that the
decision of whether the project goes ahead or not would only be reached at the end of the EIA
process and that such a decision had not as yet been made.
2. Welcome remarks by Chieftainess Chiyaba
Her royal highness begun by stating the difficulty of being in a meeting with mixed abilities,
in terms of language between the visitors and her local people. She however chose to speak in
English because she was welcoming the visitors. She welcomed all stakeholders and the
Protea Hotel Group who sponsored the meeting, including representatives from ECZ, ZAWA
and Immigration. She stated that the people of Chiyaba have never had such a meeting before
where her people were being consulted on the environmental effects of a proposed
development project. She went on to say Chiyaba was a very beautiful land and that people
wanted to put up developments in Chiyaba. She encouraged the people to feel free to discuss
what they came for, and that she and her people were looking forward to the coming of the
developer due to the magnitude of the project. She added that it was unfortunate that the area
was taken to be delicate, while it remained behind in the wave of development. She wondered
why the people of Chiyaba had to go through such antagonisms on the proposed development
when people of Liteta sailed easily in having their developmental project approved easily.
She went on to state that the needs of the Chiyaba people are many and she sees them
departing with the natural environment, which has already happened with current
developments yet they benefited very little. She said her people cannot continue living by just
looking at the bush but also need development in Chiyaba just like Lusaka. She stressed that
the people of Chiyaba were tired of being beggars. She added that there was severe hunger in
the area and gave an example of one of her headmen who nearly died of hunger.
Her Royal Highness stated that the best she could do was to bring about development of the
area, otherwise her people would continue to suffer. She added that though being close to the
Lower Zambezi National Park the people in the area had not benefited but that the developers
in the area were reaping many benefits. She ended her speech by welcoming and thanking
everyone for coming and encouraged them to debate freely.
3. Introduction to the project and its Activities

Mr Adam Lethbridge, of Union Gold, the Holding company of Protea Hotels took the task of
introducing the project and started by reminding the people present at the meeting why they
were there which was primarily to talk about Protea Hotels (PH) and the people of Chiyaba.
He started by saying everyone had their own views about the importance of development in
Zambia. He went on to say PH was privileged to hold the first of such kind of a meeting in
Chieftainess Chiyaba’s area. He added that these were the first stages for Protea in the process
of what was hoped to become a successful development in Chiyaba. Mr. Lethbridge
explained that Protea believed in sympathetic development i.e. development which attempted
all the way to benefit the people of Chiyaba. He said that PH, compared to other companies
operating in the area, was a big company and that it had 5 hotels in Zambia, 2 of which were
in Lusaka, 1 in Chisamba, 1 in Chingola and another in Livingstone. He then went on to
explain why PH chose Chiyaba and the Lower Zambezi Valley. He said that Protea had
acquired a plot of land which was the former Donatini Camp, and wanted to bring Protea’s
particular brand of hospitality to the Chiyaba area. He went on to explain that development
causes concerns and there are always questions to be answered. He went on to say the

_________________________________________________________________________
meeting was about environment and that environment to PH meant many different things like
wildlife, habitat of the region and the cultural and social welfare of the people living in that
region. He stated that he was looking forward to the comments and suggestions of the
stakeholders on the project. He emphasised the Chieftainess’s remarks on the importance of
the project to the Chiyaba people. He said that in the ten years PH has been operating in
Zambia, they had 350 hotel rooms around the country and as a hospitality group they pride in
the fact that they counted among those providing more bed nights for the Zambian people.
Mr Lethbridge said that the focus of the proposed development was that of generating
affordable accommodation for the Zambian people. He went on to say that PH firmly
believed, that if permitted to establish the proposed project, it would open up that part of
Zambia to people that wanted to visit the area and that they would bring a new style of
hospitality accessible to all by bringing people from different parts of the country so they can
appreciate the beauty of the area. Mr. Lethbridge went on to emphasis that PH was aware of
its responsibilities to the environment, the Chiyaba people and fellow operators in Chiyaba.
On the actual development, the meeting was informed that the hotel would be larger than the
other lodges in the area in that they planned to build 80 rooms capacity hotel made of
permanent infrastructure and that the facility would remain open throughout the year unlike
most of the facilities in the area which were seasonal. He mentioned creation of permanent
jobs as one of the socio-economic advantages that the project would bring to the area. He
further informed the meeting that one advantage of a larger company like PH was that it was
in a position to help in improving access to facilities in the area such as improved roads and
access to electricity as well as assisting with local projects including new ideas brought about
by the community. Mr. Lethbridge emphasized that Donatini was a site of particular beauty
and PH would endeavour to protect that beauty. He thereafter called upon Mr Musonda, the
project architect to present the proposed layout of facilities on site and building designs
indicating that these were proposals subject to change as a result of the scoping meeting and
other follow up consultations.
4 The Project Site and its Characteristics
In his presentation, Mr Musonda explained that the proposed developments would cover
about one third of the project site and that the development would be concentrated on the
western side of the plot. He stated that the central amenities building would be a one-storey
building covering an area of 1,126m². He then went on to describe the accommodation blocks
which was two-storied covering an area of 426m², comprising six blocks each having 12 self-
contained units. The project architect stated that the buildings would not exceed the general
height of trees in the area and would be established at a good distance away from the Zambezi
River so as not to disturb the view of the area from the river. Walkways of the proposed hotel
would blend with the natural environment and the green outer painting of the walls would
also blend with the environment.
At this point the facilitator came in to clarify and stated that the purpose of presenting the
floor to be utilized for development lay in the fact that it had a limiting effect on water
infiltration into the ground and consequent runoff to the river. He then asked Mr Musonda to
specify the dimensions of the central amenities building.
Mr Lethbridge then went on to describe what development would mean to the local people
and the area as a whole in terms of development. Guiding the audience through the leaflet on
the proposed project (in both English and Goba) distributed to stakeholders, Mr. Lethbridge
informed the meeting that about 100 jobs would be created by the proposed hotel and that
these would earn competitive salaries to the benefit of their families and the community as a

_________________________________________________________________________
whole. He further explained that the jobs offered will be all year round unlike seasonal jobs
offered by most tour operators in the area. He went on to say that PH has a well tried and
tested system for training employees and the proposed hotel would be no exception to that
fact and that this would contribute to overall capacity building in the area.
In demonstrating PH commitment to workers’ welfare, Mr. Lethbridge called on two Protea
employees, and asked them to relate their experience in working for Protea Hotels and the
benefits they have received. These were Judith Mulenga, the Food and Beverages Assistant
Manager, and Steven Kalela, the Maintenance Supervisor.
Judith explored her history with Protea Hotels and informed the audience of how she
progressed from lower ranks as a trainee to her current position of Assistant Food and
Beverages Manager. She further related the fact that when PH goes into a community it
looked at the people in the community and identified their capabilities with a view to
developing them. Judy said that it was PH’s philosophy to grow together with the community
meaning that when PH grew, the community also grew. She assured the people present of
good conditions of service and support to the community and assured the would be employees
of the proposed project of satisfaction.
Judy’s success story was followed by that of Steven. He explained that he progressed from a
General worker through to his current position as Maintenance Supervisor. He assured would
be employees of training and development from low levels to high levels of employment and
that PH would give them job satisfaction.
5 Plenary Discussions: Clarifications, Submissions and Discussion of Issues of
Concern to Include in the EIA Study Terms of Reference
Mr Nsongela introduced the plenary session and invited the audience to seek clarifications on
the presentations and make submissions on issues of concern to them needing incorporation in
the EIA Study TORs.
Opening the floor, Mr. Harry Phiri representing ZAWA sought clarification on the total area
of the proposed site. In response Mr. Musonda, the Project Architect gave 12.66ha as the
total area
Mr Zindonga, Chiyaba Community Resource Board Chairman informed the developer that
the CRB Constitution required that at least 80% of employees should come from the local
area s. He further added that people are paid up to K350, 000 at other lodges yet they have
responsibilities outweighing that amount and expressed happiness that PH would provide a
better package. He went on to advise PH to consider gender in employment and that they
should put up adequate accommodation for employees so that they can live at the site together
with their families without leaving them behind for long periods. He added that this would
also help in reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS infections.
In response, Peter from Union Gold, the holding company assured the audience that all
employees of PH are paid according to their achievements and that it was up to an employee
to work to achieve more. He further explained that PH would always follow wage conditions
of Zambia. He took note of HIV/AIDS issue. He added that there were provisions in the plan
to accommodate staff members but that he could not guarantee adequate accommodation for
all.
Supplementing the response from Peter, Mr Lethbridge informed the meeting that PH had a
system of base salary and service charge and added that the minimum take home salary plus
service charge would be K1, 000, 000.

_________________________________________________________________________
Mr. Ian Thompson followed with another question and asked for elevations of the building
plans to see how exactly things appear on the site which was also important to immediate
neighbours as it may impact them. He further presented the Chiyaba Game Management Plan
which gives constraints on developments in the Chiyaba GMA and recommended that the
consultants affiliated to the project acquire and consider the provisions of the document.
In response Peter stated that neighbours would be considered and that in an initial PH
development only two trees were cut down on site. He further confirmed to a query on
whether the proposed development was a lodge or hotel and said that PH was building a hotel
of 80 rooms and not a lodge.
Noting the course of discussions, the facilitator suggested that issues of environmental
concern be given as submissions by the participants which would be considered in the study
and responded to in the disclosure meeting.
A ZAWA Representative came in at this point to clarify the difference between a lodge and a
hotel and stated that a lodge was 40 rooms or less and that there was no provision for hotel
development in the Management Plan for the Chiyaba East Game Management Area. He
further advised PH to reconsider its proposal in view of the revelations. He further explained
that the Management Plan in place could only be reviewed after 5 years.
Ms. Margaret Zulu from Immigration Department asked as to how many expatriate
employees would be employed out of the 100 proposed employees. She also asked what
improvements would be made on the road as most lodges in the area closed during the rainy
season due to the road being impassable.
In response, Mr Lethbridge stated that the 80% figure was only a minimum for the number of
local people to be employed. He further explained that PH was a gender sensitive employer,
and its policy was gender neutral and would employ required staff based on their
qualifications for each particular job irrespective of their sex.
He further went on to explain that PH’s policy on expatriate workers was a maximum of one
expatriate per 50 employees. Mr. Lethbridge went on to reveal that the whole group had a
total of 4 expatriates out of 290 employees in all 5 hotels in Zambia.
To this effect it was noted that the PH proposal was a good one that would benefit local
people. With regard to infrastructure development such as roads Mr. Lethbridge indicated
that PH would work with other stakeholders in the area to facilitate development of
infrastructure in the area. He further explained that though being a big company it was very
sensitive to the needs of other developers and would closely work with them in meeting the
developmental needs of the area.
A female teacher from Chiyaba Basic School wanted to find out if there were any other
incentives apart from job creation. She further inquired as to whether there will be
preferential rates for local people to enable them access the facilities at the proposed project
site.
Another member of the public inquired on how service charge was worked out and divided
among employees.
In response to the teacher’s question Mr Lethbridge explained there would be no segregation
on who would access the facilities. In emphasizing the point he explained that the entrance to

_________________________________________________________________________
the proposed PH hotel would have only two signs, i.e. “Protea Hotel Lower Zambezi” and
“Welcome.”
On service charge distribution it was explained that all service charge income from
accommodation and food was divided equally among all employees. He added on to say PH
would comply with all the provisions of the Employment Act.
Noting that the program distributed for the meeting indicated Lower Zambezi National Park
as the project area a ZAWA representative (Area Warden) sought confirmation on whether
the hotel would be located in the national park or in the GMA. In response the facilitator
corrected the wrong citation and said the development would be in the GMA at the former
Donatini site.
A Tour Operator close to the site (Munyemeshi) wondered as to how the practicalities of
availing national grid electricity to the site and waste water disposal would be handled. She
also wondered how the impacts of the large number of anticipated tourists be handled if they
were to access the National Park citing increased traffic as an issue of concern.
In response to the concerns, Peter explained that electricity would be brought to the
development and it would also look into environmental issues associated with this, as well as
effluent disposal. He also explained that the provisions of the Chiyaba East GMA
Management Plan would be followed. He also mentioned association with fellow operators to
minimize environmental effects giving an example of the Royal Livingstone which contracts
services from fellow operators as one way of minimizing increased traffic.
Headman Gunduza expressed frustration to the fact that the meeting had turned into a battle
between developers and was drifting away from the real stakeholders – the local community.
He wondered why there was so much anxiety when developments such as Kasaka went ahead
and the community was not even consulted.
Another member of the community advised that PH should consider supporting the school as
a gesture of goodwill if the project was approved being the venue of the first project
development meeting.
Another Community member wanted confirmation on how the developers would go ahead
with the project noting that there was no provision for the development of a hotel in the GMP.
In response, the facilitator indicated that the development was in the initial stages of
consultation and a final decision was not as yet reached. He explained that the consultation
process would continue and all information collected would be used in making a decision on
the matter.
The Director of Works from Kafue District Council appealed to the people concerned with the
component of hotel establishment in a GMA to deal with the matter as soon as possible so as
to resolve the matter in a timely manner.
Mr. Ian Thomson further urged the Consultants to look into other issues such as education,
health, etc. in the context of the proposed development and the welfare of staff and their
families. He further cautioned the developers to be aware of the fact that the Chiyaba Eastern
GMA would be turned into a protected area and as such PH should be aware of the
restrictions that would come in with the new development which was supported by

_________________________________________________________________________
government as part of the Zambezi transfrontier game management project. To this effect Ian
promised to send information related to the new developments to help project consultants
appreciate the developmental status of the area.
Commenting to PH commitment to helping the community Mr. Thomson advised PH that the
Chiyaba Leaseholders Association had a development plan with a listing of developmental
projects scheduled for implementation and implored instead of PH coming through with a
new community project if the development was approved, they should instead take up one of
the existing projects and go with it.
Another stakeholder expressed concern on the human animal conflict and explained that on
the river frontage the only drinking place was at Munyemeshi and that, the large number of
people accommodated in the hotel, especially if it was fully booked, may have an impact on
wildlife.
Another member of the community advised consultants to look at the Chiyaba East GMP for
guidance on issues being raised. On community benefits he added that there have been many
developments in the area which have not benefited the area as they have no social
responsibility and asked what PH would bring to the community apart from employment.
A Clinical Officer commented on the need for a balanced view of development as including
business and public interest and gain. He advised PH to include health considerations in view
of the fact that people in the area walked long distances to access health facilities and that this
area needed improvement.
In response PH indicated that they would work hand-in-hand with health authorities to
address the issue.
A teacher at Chiyaba Basic School expressed concern that a hotel needed trained people and
yet the children of Chiyaba were vulnerable who failed to proceed further in their education.
He encouraged PH to consider sponsorship of pupils for further education.
The Chairperson of the Cultural Village urged PH to work closely with existing operators in
the area in enhancing the services offered by the cultural village.
In a related development, a ZAWA Representative indicated that Chiyaba did not have
enough qualified people to meet the 80% mark of local staff and asked how PH would work
on capacity building to make the requirement practical.
Contrary to the assertions, Vice Headman (Mchenganine) indicated that people in the
community had different skills and that it was possible to meet the target if there was unity
between PH and the community and advised PH to bring in good conditions of service and
build capacity of employees.
Noting that there are no more issues raised, the facilitator brought the deliberations to a close
and expressed gratitutde to everyone present for their contributions. He went on to emphasise
the fact that the most important thing was to keep a balance between the environment and
socio-economic development. He assured the stakeholders that all issues raised would be
taken into consideration in the EIA study and that necessary planning documents would be
consulted in light of revelations. He further told the meeting that study findings would be
reported back in a disclosure meeting which would take place in about 2 months. He thanked
everyone and called upon a representative of the Council Secretary (Director of Works) to
give a few remarks.

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6. Brief Remarks by Council Secretary
Representing the Council Secretary, the Director of Works informed the meeting that it was a
requirement to attend EIA meetings to help the developer to find solutions to potential
impacts and other issues of concern. He went on to explain that social responsibility was a
very important aspect to be considered in the proposed development and cited the
development of roads infrastructure as one such are of need in the area together with health
issues including the problem of HIV/AIDS.
7. Closure of the Meeting
The meeting was officially closed by the District Commissioner. In his closing remarks, the
District Commissioner explained government position that it was committed to bringing
development to Chiyaba area. He was however quick to point out that government alone
cannot achieve that, but that with partners more could be done than what was being done at
present. He gave the possibility of a new road from Lusaka straight to Chiyaba as a possibility
of what development could bring to the area. He thanked PH and Binary Solutions for a well
coordinated consultation program and urged local people to feel free to approach his office
and present complaints of PH’s shortcomings if any, if the proposal was accepted. He further
advised the local people to give support to the development as it was the people who would
benefit and to also give support to the Chieftainess. He then closed the meeting at 14:35
hours.
Following closure of the meeting the facilitator once more thanked the Chieftainess and the
District Commissioner for their time in attending the meeting, leaving their busy schedules.
He also thanked the heads of government departments, the local people and all stakeholders
without whose presence the meeting wouldn’t have been possible. He ended with the words
“Good development only comes with putting our heads together as was the case in this
meeting”.
Participants were then directed by a member of the Royal Establishment to various rooms
were they had lunch before dispersing.

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Appendix 6: Minutes of the Protea Hotels Lower Zambezi Lodge EIS/EMP Public
Disclosure Meeting
VENUE: CHIAWA COURTHOUSE GROUND, CHIAWA CENTRAL
DATE: 30TH JULY, 2009
1.0 Attendance:
The following people attended the meeting:
NAME ORGANIZATION CONTACT

1 Brandina Tembo MSDSS 0977 328905
2 Kinah Mabbolobbolo Education 0979 479092
3 Febby Chimwanja CCV Manager 0979 343419
4 Cherri Briggs CLA/LZCT 0979 099948
5 Jimmy Mukunkumi Kiambi Safaris 0977 876003
kiambi@coppernet.za
6 Rangon Buyaneta Headman Buyaneta
7 Kachani Moses Mufurutsa V/G 0979 860372
8 Joseph Mvula Kambange V/G 0978 624638
9 Sandford Mgurameno Mgurameno V/G
10 C. Nyalomo Muchimgamile V/G
11 Roda Chiaba Chiyaba
12 Jeniya Makoni Kusemwa
13 Helene Shikalomo Headless Shikalomo
14 Penia Chalo Headless Shapeyo
15 Febby Matesamwa Muchingamile
16 Maleni Kupituka Muchingamile
17 Cambitzis Anthony Zambezia Sanctuary mtondocamp@gmail.com
18 Richard Wilson Ndorochena richardwilson@cyplreafrica.nd
19 Tim Featherby Chiawa Leaseholders twfeatherby@croxton.w.za
Association
20 Scott Brown Baines River Camp camp@bainesrivercamp.com
21 John Muzengeza Kapano 0977 362210
22 Patrick Dzomba Makanya
23 Simon Zulu Maunda 0976 212400
24 Matthew Chaufombo Chisakila
25 Stanley Nsikuzakuyenda Chiyaba 0979 212400
26 Peter Kalumbu Maunda V/G 0978 672126
27 Kanguma Muchochoma Headman Mushonganhende 0976 186740
28 Nasson Kapembeza Muijange V/G
29 Tyson Sianjame V/Headman Mboza 0976 290796
30 Simon Tembo Headman Matekenya 0976 176663
31 Mike Chipanda Maunda V/G 0978 124042
32 Maurice Kakusa Secretary Mafungautsi 0977 296340
33 Wishwall Kayalomfwe Mugulameno

_________________________________________________________________________
34 Denes Ynamombo Kambaje
35 Simon Chigule Maunda
36 Doctor Kaundawalo Chapanga
37 Gerard Butan Makanya
38 Rodrick Maulukila Makanya
39 Clayson Matinge Makanya
40 Kalela Kalikoga Makanya 0977 446684
41 Elias. Z. Mvula DC Kafue 0977 793815
42 B. Pole DWA 0977 875804
43 M. Muwowo MTENR/Forestry 0979 674914
44 Stephen Mulenga DC’S Office 0977 610156
45 Kasabo Shakumbila DC’S Office 0976 665699
46 Collins Masupa ZANIS 0977 144924
47 Victor Musonda Shelter Designs 0977 702246
48 Tresford Musonda Kafue Council 0977 705524
49 Josephine Nguluwe Mushonganende
50 Lezy Kaolela Mushonganende
51 Faladzy Tembo Mushonganende
52 Grace Banda Mushonganende
53 Jeny Kacha Mushonganende
54 Emma Mambo Chapanga
55 Sevelila Malipeza Kusemwa
56 Tracy Mambo Chapanga
57 Felistita Mambo Chapanga
58 Margaret Chiwukata Kandoko 0977 982712
59 Patricia Chitambo Shikalomo 0977 147315
60 Cathrine Tembo Kandoko
61 Mary Katiyo Kandoko
62 Mutinta Chalimba Kandoko
63 Ruth Munyika Kandoko
64 Muweta Mutena Kandoko 0976 746850
65 Laston Nyalumwe Musha Kandoko 0978 263239
66 Janine Woods Kiambi Safari 0979 259589
67 Margaret Zulu Immigration Chirundu 0977 762292/ 0955 762293
68 Charles Mambo Chipanga 0977 025674
69 Patrick Mulenga Chiyaba 0976 083290
70 Jones. D. Kafiyo ZAWA 0977 755942
71 Mhoswa Murubira Chijaja 0975 770722
72 V. Wanga Kusemwa
73 Justin Phiri Chiyaba
74 Lackson. S. Kabona V/Headman Chilimonga 0977 146011
75 Fanwell Chiweshe Muchinganire 0979 388192
76 Gerald Muzukila Gunduza 0977 603755
77 Minas Tembo Gunduza
78 Andrea Siachintu Muzama 0978 306253
79 Clement Matenga Mugurameno
80 Francis Belao Mugurameno 0979 639553
81 Brighton Zindoga Kabwadu V/G 0979 142975

_________________________________________________________________________
82 Paul Njovu Musonganende 0979 225734
83 Charles Chigule Headman Kandoko 0976 880594
84 Amos Maunda Headman Maunda
85 Freddie Nyadowo Chairman Cmmcs Limited 0977 399760
86 Soda. W. Nyatsanga Chairman CCV Chiyaba 0979 654887
87 Maxwell Chabikwa Headman Nyamusuku
89 Stenford Siampwaya Kandoko
90 Patson Chipungu Kandoko
91 Lenton Mpilipili Kandoko
92 Paison Nchingodi Headman Muluwe
93 Trywell Kapuka Chiyaba 0978 052394
94 Stephan Mdombe Kaupanja 0976 549583
95 Grace Tembo Kaupano 0978 8204 96
96 Batred Kashika Kaupano 0978 931163
97 Mabo Changu Kaupano 0976 918664
98 Gibson Mambo Mugurameno V/G Secretary
99 Matanda John Ministry Of Education 0977 987431
100 Jairos Makanga Kusemwa
101 Francis Habasune. M Ministry Of Education 0977 379022
102 Gibson Phiri Community Health
103 Maxwell Kaluluma Chimulambe
104 Gonson. M. Chenda Marabanyika V/G 0976 936433
105 Robert Swata Mosokoa V/G 0976 130614
106 Luka Mambo Chw Mugwamenozone
107 Dominic Mambo Chapanga
108 Felix Nkanga Mushonganende
109 Siphiwe Tembo Kandoko 0978 931007
110 Iready Chanetsa Kandoko
111 Stella Hamakalu Maunda
112 Josephine Chiukehse Chiyaba
113 Sevelia Zulu Maunda 0978 141651
114 Peter Kazangalale
115 Kelvin Katongomala
116 Maxwell Lazalu
117 Josephat Zuze
118 Mabing Gono 0979 568650
119 Justin Chibonye V/Headman Chiyaba 0976 093020
120 Robert Malupande
121 Johan Kalindawalo 0978 944492
122 Jonathan Maugima
123 Dickson Kapini Maunda 0978 245201
124 Tom Mugusa Adc Chiawa 0979 667829
125 Edward Butau Chiawa 0975 415861
126 Joseph Kaliza Chapanga V/Secretary
127 Keneth Njobvu Chapanga 0977 299455
128 Leckson Kaukaka Mushonganende
129 Andrew Chiawa Makanya
130 Nicholas Chonze Headman

_________________________________________________________________________
131 Samuel Kazunga Villager 0979 002928
132 F. Nyakambiza
133 Chiyamba Chimusambo 0976 318479
134 Derrick Mushonganende 0977 404104
135 Ernest CCRC Director 0976 861767
136 Watson Loti Mushonganende 0976 912986
137 Justice Mahombe Mushonganende 0976 353859
138 Mathoyo Kambudui Chairman Kanyanga
139 Stan. M. Mambo Chapanga 0977 884625
140 Edweck Muzukila Gunduza 0977 579784
141 Smart Kapesa Chiuye
142 Mr. M. Mwansa Munyemeshi Lodge 0977 789111
agogos@zamnet.zm
143 Sydney Tembo ZAWA 0977 678787
cytembo@yahoo.com
144 Smith Mbasela Makanya 0979 901834
145 Fred Malako Makanya 0979 996140
146 Ruth Sakala Maunda
147 Esnart Tembo Kalipano
148 Prisca Mugusa Muchingamire 0978 933194
149 Luweka Chapikisa Chapanga
150 Huda Banda Kalipano 0975 645508
151 Alice Kaiba Gunduza 0979 134364
152 Mirriam Lazau Gunduza
153 Mary Muzukila Gunduza 0979 519702
154 Prisca Matesamwa Gunduza
155 Maggie Kandoko Gunduza
156 Suzan Phiri Gunduza 0978 314145
157 Meldah Chiyula Kandoko V/G 0979 168903
158 Catherine Njobvu Chiyaba V/G
159 Sainet Mayenga Chief Retainer 0977 363417
160 Kingsos Saizi Chief Retainer 0975 172949
161 Brown Chibale ECZ 0977 287112
bchibale@necz.org.zm
162 Bruce Simfukwe ECZ 0968 726292
163 Kellys Mwelwa ECZ 0977 535465
kmwelwa@necz.org.zm
164 M. Kamudidalila Muchimale
165 Innocent Binyolo Chiyaba 0979 344616
166 Ackson Chiwota Headman
167 Stanley Goledema Makanya V/G
168 Enough Mafungautsi Headman Mafungautsi
169 Boniface Chiawa Councillor-KDC 0977 834606
170 Joseph Kajiwa Area Dev.Com. Chairman- 0977 698660
Kafue
171 Xen Viahakis CTI/Zamtrails 0977 472124
xen@cti.com.zm
172 Leonard Kalio Baines River Camp 0979 589312

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173 Laika Kayama Chiyaba V/G
174 Nelita Kakonya Chiyaba V/G
175 George Mulinganiza Chiyaba L/Court
176 D. K. Hendiman Chidimango
177 F. Mudekwa Mudzama
178 T. Chigalu
179 Sofia Njobvu Muchingamire
180 Noah Makanya Kabwadu
181 Michael Chazunga Headman Kalombo 0976 926489
182 Isaiah Museto Chicoda/LZCT 0977 890692
isaiahmuselo@yahoo.co.uk
183 Andrew Makanya Makanya V/G 0976 512142
184 Wilfred Chumusembo Chisakila V/G 0979 078652
185 Kesia Sakala Chief REP 0977 874093
186 Charles Mandika Councillor (KDC) 0977 302831
187 Beatrice Pole Dept Of Water Affairs 0977 875804
188 Siwisha Puer ZANIS/DIO 0977 498195
189 N. C. Ngoma DC/Kafue ADM 311077
190 M. Muwowo MTENR/Forestry Dept 0979 674914
191 Chiwalah Matesanwa Chiyaba V/G 0979 079537
192 Jackson. G. Zindoga Chairman CCRB 0977 515785
2.0 Agenda
The following agenda was followed in conducting the meeting.
• Registration of Participants
• Introduction of Participants and Official Opening
• Introduction to the Meeting and its Purpose (Binary)
• Description of the Project Purpose and its Activities (Protea)
• Description of the Biophysical/Social Project Environment (Binary)
• Review of issues of concern presented at the Scoping Meeting
• Description of Identified Impacts (Binary)
• Disclosure of Proposed Mitigation for Identified Impacts and Issues of concern
presented at the Scoping Meeting (Binary)
• Plenary Discussion
• Closure of Meeting and End of Program
2.1 Registration of Participants

All participants to the meeting were requested to register their names and contact details.
2.2 Introduction of Participants and Official Opening

_________________________________________________________________________
The meeting was called to order at 11:00 hours by the facilitator, Mr Shadreck Nsongela from
Binary Solutions, the Environmental Impact Assessments consultants for the project. Mr
Nsongela welcomed everyone to the meeting after which he requested each participant to
introduce themselves by indicating their name and where they were coming from. After
introductions, the facilitator called upon Her Royal Highness Chieftainess Chiyaba to
officially open the meeting. The meeting was conducted in English with interpretation in
Goba.
Her Royal Highness Chieftainess Chiyaba opened the meeting by explaining that the meeting
was a follow-up to what was held on the 18th of April of the same year and that the
consultants were reporting back on their findings on issues of concern raised. She emphasized
that this was important because they were the owners of the chiefdom and needed to be
consulted adequately. She explained that she was also anxious to hear the findings and called
on everyone to pay extra attention. Finally, she thanked everyone present for attending the
meeting and declared the meeting officially open.
2.3 Introduction to the Meeting and its Purpose
The facilitator took over and began by explaining the purpose of the meeting. He explained
that the meeting was a disclosure meeting and the program handed out would help all
participants go through the meeting together. Four questions were addressed posed to help
address the purpose of the meeting. These covered the purpose of the meeting, rationale for
consultations, use of submissions and procedure for making submissions.
Mr Nsongela explained that the meeting was called to review impacts the development will
bring about and how those impacts have been addressed in the EMP that has been proposed.
He also explained that the consultation process was aimed at:
i. Fulfilling the law in Zambia under the EPPCA.
ii. Demonstrating best practice on the part of Union Gold and Protea
Hotels.
iii. Ensuring that local interest and concerns which are brought out and
included in the EMP.
He pointed out that at the end of the day, consensus should be reached among broad
stakeholders as it was difficult to satisfy each and every stakeholders concern. The consultant
and management would then review submissions and see what sounds more practical, and
reasonable in the environment and social frame.
These would then be incorporated in the report to be submitted to ECZ which would make the
final decision on the project in conjunction with the Kafue District Council (KDC), Zambia
Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and other governmental agencies.
The facilitator then explained how submissions will be made;
On procedure for submissions, the facilitator explained that when the plenary session opens,
everyone would be free to present their views. Each and every submission made was valued
and would be treated the same. He advised participants not to personalize issues but
concentrate on the subject matter. He also explained that submissions could also be made by
writing a note or sending an email to the consultants at Snsongela@zamtel.zm.
2.4 Project purpose and its activities

_________________________________________________________________________
In explaining the project purpose and activities, the facilitator led the meeting through the
handout issued to participants. Key issues covered included Protea profile as a hospitality
service provider; location of the project at Donatini and site sensitivities being on the banks of
the Zambezi River and an animal sanctuary. Presented as the size of the proposed
development was also 72 beds comprised of 6 blocks of which each will have 12 rooms.
The difference between Protea Hotels and other existing facilities in the area was explained in
the targeted clientele, which was mostly conferencing and guests. This was explained as the
reason for the high number of rooms than what normally existed in other tour operations.
Offer of a special package that would allow Zambians to have access to the lodge within
affordable means was explained as another speciality to be offered.
In supplementing Mr Nsongela’s presentation, Mr Lethbridge, one of the Directors at Protea
gave the history of Protea Hotels in Zambia. He explained that 10 years ago the first Protea
Hotel was opened in Chisamba and after 10 years there were a total of 5 hotels in Zambia. He
further explained that Protea Hotels group was based in South Africa, but has hotels all over
the world including Europe. The vision of the group was to open more hotels and lodges
across the country. Mr Lethbridge emphasized that if allowed to proceed with this project,
they will sensitively be able to open up the area to more visitors, whilst maintaining the
beauty and integrity of the environment which was the basis of it.
Similar sentiments were expressed by Peter, another senior official of Protea Hotels who
explained that it was the intention of Protea Hotels that the proposed development did not
destroy the environment.
2.5 Description of the Biophysical/Social Project Environment.
In describing the biophysical and social characteristics of the area, Mr Nsongela explained
that Protea decided on this area because the area has unique characteristics which could not be
found anywhere else. Key features mentioned included:
• Designated GMA being a buffer Zone between open areas and the Lower Zambezi
National Parks and that this was a heritage which distinguished the area from other
areas that we needed to protect and conserve these vital resources.
• Beautiful scenery being situated between the Zambezi escarpment and the magnificent
Zambezi River together with abundant forest resources rich with different tree species,
grasses, shrubs etc.
• The Zanbezi River being a shared resource with Zimbabwe and the people in the
downstream and upstream and the need to endure lodge activities did not compromise
the user quality of the resource.
• The need to maintain the areas’ integrity as marketed to both Zambians and the
outside world.
2.6 Description of Identified Impacts (Binary)
In discussing project impacts, the facilitator highlighted project activities which may affect
the environment both:
• Clearing of vegetation
• Excavations to create foundations
• Transportation of materials

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• Mobilization of labour
• Generation and disposal of waste
• Exploitation of resources, e.g. laterite
Biophysical impacts cited included disturbance to the areas ecosystem including flora and
fauna; increase in soil erosion with potential to cause siltation in the river; potential pollution
from various materials that will be used; increased interaction between people and animals;
noise disturbance during construction; increase in road traffic compared to current levels with
potential for high road kills.
Negative socio-economic impacts expected included;
• Potential for work hazards (accidents, etc)
• Social conflicts arising from interaction between people of different
backgrounds and lifestyles
• Increased interaction among workers leading to the spread of HIV/AIDS
Positive socio-economic impacts identified included infrastructural developments;
• Overall increased levels of development
• Overall increased business opportunities
• Employment opportunities with competitive salaries (source of livelihood)
• Competitiveness among operators in the area
• Promotion of culture of the Goba people.
• Overall improvement of the area.
The facilitator mentioned enhanced protection of wildlife as the key positive biophysical
impact through payment of fees to ZAWA which will go to the protection of wildlife in the
area. Protea would also collaborate with the Lower Zambezi Conservation Trust (LZCT), the
CLA and others and contribute to a successful implementation of the strategic development
plan for the Chiawa Game Management Area (CGMA).
2.7 Issues of concern raised in previous meeting
At the scoping meeting, the following issues having been raised were presented as follows;
• Competitive salary: Questions were raised as to whether Protea Hotels
management were promising the truth over the salaries alluded to and the
number of jobs that the proposed development would create.
• If locals would be employed at the lodge on professional basis
• The effects of accidents from increased traffic on wildlife in the area
• The effect on the wilderness experience that has been marketed by other tour
operators
• Crime increase
• Accessibility of the facility to Zambians (especially locals)
• Disposal of sewage
• Disposal of solid waste

_________________________________________________________________________
• Disturbance to the river frontage
The facilitator then went on to explain how Protea Hotels management considered these
issues, which considerations they included in the EMP to minimize, prevent or compensate
the negative impacts. The following measures were proposed for management of identified
impacts;
• Prevention of soil erosion and compaction by confining movement of heavy
plant machinery and equipment to designated roads and paths and planting of
vegetation in disturbed areas together with limiting earthworks to dry season.
In addition, areas within the plot that are less vegetated will be selected for
infrastructure development which would be limited to 5% of the total area.
• Protection of drainage channels by stone pitching or planting grass to minimize
erosion and siltation of the river
• Proper management of polluting materials, e.g. fuels, oils, chemicals and
adequate contingency measures for cleanup of any spills
• Enhanced sanitation including heightened sensitization on hygiene and
sanitation, provision of proper toilet facilities away from sensitive sites such as
water sources, provision of solid waste receptacles with a sustainable system of
final waste disposal. Septic tanks would be set up to treat waste water; the
effluent would then be discharged into a soak away system. Construction
workers would use pit latrines which would be situated at least 60 meters away
from the river.
• Sensitization and awareness on noise pollution including restricted
construction work hours to limit noise to day time only
• Avoiding unnecessary clearing of vegetation and disturbance to non target
construction areas
• Protection of river banks by designating a no soil disturbance and vegetation
clearance area
• Enhanced re-vegetation and landscaping exercise for disturbed areas.
The key measures for mitigating negative socio-economic and cultural impacts include;
• Provision of information and awareness creation on STI and HIV/AIDS
prevention and management together with provision of social security systems
for affected employees.
• Enhanced security measures within and around the lodge premises and the
community
• Awareness creation on the need to avoid feeding monkeys and other wild
animals as a preventive measure for monkeys from scavenging from bins and
stealing from people.
• Observance /strict enforcement of all safety rules at place of work, during
construction and through operation of the lodge including adequate orientation
and signage for all potential safety risks.
• Provision of first aid facilities

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• Enhanced awareness on environmental conservation and pollution control, e.g.
strict enforcement of the need for the waste to be disposed off in provided
receptacles. Also to ensure final disposal of wastes is at designated sites which
are endorsed by both ECZ and the local council.
• Support to the local authorities in the provision of social services such as
education and health facilities.
2.8 Plenary Discussion
In opening plenary discussions the facilitator asked participants to first raise issues that had
not been addressed. The following were raised;
• One of the headmen said that the area concerned was very small and there was
a massive development that was about to take place. He added that there was a
monkey species, the Samango, which was only found in the strip of land, were
the development was situated. He asked if the noise the development would
bring would not chase away this monkey specie. He also inquired on
protection for pedestrian traffic and also added that colleagues from the
Zimbabwean side were supposed to be present at the final meeting, to which
the facilitator said that invitation emails were sent to them.
• Mrs Pole from the Department of Water Affairs inquired as to which type of
water would be used at the lodge, whether ground water or surface water.
• The District Planning Officer made an observation on the drawings of the
project which stated Chirundu as the architectural project location and
suggested that this be edited to Chiyaba-Kafue as it may be misleading.
The facilitator then shifted the plenary discussion to address issues of EMP adequacy.
• An issue was raised as to how pedestrian traffic would be handled, including
visitors to the area and people looking for work. He stated that there are about
250-300 elephants which traverse the same area three times a day and hippos
at night. He wondered as to who would be responsible for protecting
pedestrians traffic.
The facilitator said that people would be sensitized to give animals the right-
of-way. However, the response was regarded not enough. He then invited
suggestions on how this issue could best be addressed.
• Another headman among the participants suggested that instead of having
people moving from their areas to the site, there should be a designated base in
Chiawa were workers can be picked up in the morning and dropped off in the
evening.
Protea management acknowledged that this was a very good suggestion,
adding that conflicts occurring before sunrise and after sunset would be
eliminated as construction activities would be during the day. He asked if
ZAWA will provide representatives during the construction phase so that any
human-wildlife interactions on the part of Protea Hotels could be dealt with.
The facilitator added that Protea Hotels would identify a place in Chiyaba
Central were they would be recruiting people to minimize job seekers traffic.
He added that there would be workers hostels at the site meaning that those
knocking off at night would be accommodated at the site itself.

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• Another headman said that the colleagues on the Western side were not
benefiting from the operators in terms of employment; therefore, he suggested
the pick up should start from the pontoon and head towards the site.
Peter asked LZCT if they could come to Protea Hotels management’s
assistance on this issue to which the chairman of the LZCT said that they
would respond in writing.
• A member of the community asked about locals that would be going to the
lodge as guests, if they would also be picked up at designated points. He
suggested that ZAWA should state whether they would provide this assistance
as they were not able to help even when the animals were terrorizing the
locals’ crops.
The facilitator responded by saying that it would not be practical to have a
vehicle picking up local guests as there was no designated time when all locals
will want to travel to the lodge. He added that this should be a shared
responsibility; people should not risk their lives as they go to the lodge. He
explained that when it comes to workers, there was a difference because
workers were required to go for work and the employer was obliged to provide
safe means.
A representative from ZAWA added that it was not the right forum for ZAWA
to comment on the wildlife-human interface in terms of locals’ fields that have
been affected. He further explained that Protea would consult ZAWA to see if
they can provide this service during the construction phase of the project as it
was ZAWA’s policy to facilitate protection to development workers in the
Parks and GMA’s.
• A Councilor in the area commented on the proposal to encourage group travel
by guests, e.g. use of bus by conference guests to reduce traffic, that it would
not be possible to tell people to move in a bus as people would be moving at
their own will. Therefore, the animals would be hit on the road. He added that
poachers would also come in the name of guests going to the lodge and shoot
animals.
• A community member, Mr Mosiato, raised a number of issues over the
proposed development. He began by stating that the first duty of every man
was to conserve the natural resource. Secondly, he mentioned that there was an
eviction of fishermen from the area in question to an upstream area in 1987
and 1996 to conserve wildlife and natural resources in the area. Thirdly, he
referred to an issue that was raised in the scoping meeting that the proposed
development be scaled down to about half of what was proposed. He stated
that in reality, the proposed project would be an impossibility as the people of
Chiyaba love to conserve and this would become difficult with such a
development. Fourthly, he informed people present that the proposal in the
CGMA was that the area between Musekwa up to the foot hills should be a
development area, while the area to the east, where the proposed site is located,
should be a conservation area. He added that the area previously used to have
Hartebeest and Giraffe but these are no longer there due to the Kariba Dam
wall development. He added that such programs come through the community
but eventually the community does not benefit. Issue end up coming to the
Chieftainess because the government does not listen. He concluded by stating

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that the Protea Hotels management should consult with the village headmen on
an area within the village that can be used for a hotel development. Something
else can be put at Donatini which could be to a smaller scale.
The District Commissioner commented on the issues of labour stating that his
office was open to hear all labour complaints from the local communities. He
advised the locals to report those operators that were defying labour laws and
that he would then visit those lodges to put things straight.
• Miss Cherri, a member of the Chiyaba Leaseholders Association (CLA), LZCT
and also a lodge operator stated that the fact that the Protea Hotels were
interested in the Chiawa area was a very positive thing. However, Mr
Mosiato’s comments needed to be thoroughly addressed. There was a lack of
information on the consultant’s part on the new Chiawa Partnership Park. The
Eastern GMA was soon to change; the land declaration had been signed to
make the area the first Partnership Park in Zambia. People had worked
together to create this for the community. In a few weeks, none of the former
rules would apply as there would be new rules put in place. The effort by the
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and government to reclassify
the area was meant for the community to benefit as partners in this venture. It
would have a dramatic effect on how the community benefits from their
natural resource, she explained.
• A representative from Baines River Camp and member of the CLA inquired as
to whether the new Partnership Park allowed for such a development to take
place in the Chiyaba East GMA. He added that the hotel would have a lot of
visitors. He wondered how the hotel would manage in the peak seasons when
they would have a large number of guests who all want to view a few animals.
He said that this has caused problems in countries like Kenya were over 50
people want to view two lions at a time.
• Mr Featherby from LZCT said that it is important to mention that Zambian
tourism has been advertised as ‘Zambia-The Real Africa’, and, therefore, there
have been strict regulations regarding tourist developments. In the CGMA,
there were 122 fully serviced beds available. Protea Hotels was proposing an
additional 144 beds. Despite the mitigation measures put forward, there would
be a serious impact on the area as a whole. He stated that he did not reject the
idea of Protea Hotels development but suggested that serious considerations
should be given to its chosen location. He concluded that previous guidelines
for maximum number of beds in the area per lodge were 16 beds, while new
guidelines set a maximum of 28 beds.
In response to the issue, the facilitator said that Protea Hotels would not
conflict with approved management plans as it was a law abiding corporate
citizen. He went on to explain that the land use plan for the CGMA does not
specify on the number of beds, it only specified the type of facility, a ‘lodge’.
He further explained that ZAWA was also consulted over the proposed
adoption of the partnership park which was not yet gazetted and, therefore, not
yet in existence though it is the vision for the area. He added that if the
gazetting took place before the development, Protea Hotels management would
abide by the governing law of the time. He explained that the comments made
have been taken down and would be discussed by management of Protea

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Hotels and Union Gold. The EIA was a public consultation process on the part
of the developer and that valuable suggestions have been made to the
developer who would make a decision over which ones to consolidate in the
final document to be submitted to ECZ which will have their own
consultations with the people. In response to a querry on the type of water to
be used, the facilitator explained that it would be surface water and application
for water rights would be done in this vain. On the issue of the Samango
species, the facilitator explained that the development would only take up 5%
of the total area owned. Therefore, there was enough buffer zone for these
animals to use.
• A community member stated that most lodges were not employing women;
therefore, Protea Hotels should move the development closer to the
Chieftainess’s Palace so that women were given a chance too.
• One of the operators stated that Kaila lodge was offering a plot on the western
side of the lodge to Protea Hotels for development.
• Headman Mushonganende stated that the suggestion that the development
should come closer to the palace was improper and unethical as it would erode
the heritage of the chief’s palace. Protea Hotels was a big operator with hotels
all over the world. Its coming into Chiawa was a ‘dream come true’ for the
locals because it would bring employment. He asked if the visitors coming to
the hotel would be coming to view the animals or to hit into them. He
suggested that the hotel should be developed at Donatini which was under his
jurisdiction, and, therefore, he as headman of the area had allowed that the
development should take place where it was proposed.
• A community member added that he agreed with the Headman
Mushonganende’s views and advised that the people should unite and agree on
one thing.
• Headman Nyangu stated that he was disturbed because initially LZCT had said
they would end at Mulilansolo and now they were changing and saying they
would end at Musekwa.
• A community member stated that the presence of Protea Hotel and the
Partnership Park would mean the presence of a checkpoint before entrance into
the area. He asked who would pay for the local job seekers at the checkpoint to
enter into the area.
The facilitator stated that it was difficult to address the issue at present as there
would be other lodges present in the area as well and that the same criteria
would apply.
• Headman Kapesa stated that there had been lodges in the area for years and the
locals have not seen the difference, or the benefits. He stated that Protea Hotels
should be allowed to put up the development so that a difference can be seen in
the area. He added that poaching activities were present in the area because of
lack of employment; therefore, the development would provide jobs which
would lessen the incidence of poaching.
• A representative from LZCT stated that it was unfair of the remarks on the
current lodge operators as they had actually supplied a 10 hectare farm with

_________________________________________________________________________
electric fencing to protect the people’s crops, on which some of the locals were
living. The lodges got no profit from this farm as the benefits went directly to
the people.
• Another headman reminded the people of where they had started from with
conservation issues in the area which was with ADMADE which failed. All
except one of the headmen had agreed to conservation. They were told then
that their children would be given jobs through these efforts as cooks, etc. He
added that human-wildlife conflicts will always be there with or without the
proposed development as he had already lost more than one relative. He
concluded by saying that those who were against the development were
already employed in lodges, therefore, for those who weren’t employed, they
were in favour of the development taking place at the designated area.
• Mr Chiweshe commented that the locals were happy that Protea Hotels should
come and put up a lodge development in Chiyaba. He stated that a close look
at people’s suggestions showed that the place was not ideal for the hotel and it
should, therefore, come closer to the people. He added that people may
celebrate and say that they would get jobs at the hotel as soon as construction
starts. But they should remember that as soon as the hotel was complete,
management would only require people with relevant qualifications and know-
how to be employed.
• The final contribution came from Mrs Pole who said that pit latrines would
contaminate ground water as people in the area used boreholes for their water.
She added that you can get a license for a disposal site, but when the rains
come, the water would seep from the site and affect ground water. She asked
what measures management would put in place to prevent this.
The facilitator stated that the lodge would be using surface water, adding that
there were no nearby settlements that were using borehole water. He further
stated that the situation of latrines was the same as anywhere else in the
country. He said, scientifically, the distance between the borehole and the pit
latrine would determine if the ground water will be contaminated. In addition,
boreholes drew water at a deeper depth unlike wells. On issues of waste
management, the facilitator explained that the Protea Hotels management can
only comply with available guidelines and the responsible authorities are the
KDC and the ECZ. If they designate a disposal site, they would issue the
regulations and the Protea Hotels management would comply with these
conditions.
15:00 End of Submissions
Closure of Meeting and End of Program
The District Commissioner officially closed the meeting and thanked Her Royal Highness, the
facilitator of the meeting, Protea Hotels and all participants present. He stated that from the
side of government, it was clear that the Protea Hotels development would benefit
government through taxes, the council through rates and the community on development of
the area and employment. He stated that he has been in the district as district commissioner
for six months and visited most of the areas, Chiawa being the next on his agenda. He
explained that if the area was developed, all would be happy. He urged everyone present to
work together because at the end of it the development would be for their benefit. He

_________________________________________________________________________
observed that people opposed were comfortable, but there were some who were not
comfortable as they had no jobs. He pointed out that soon, the area would require relief food
from his office. He added that there would be an improvement if we can at least employ a few
of the locals through the development, the GMA will get a fee and also benefit from the
development. He concluded by urging the community to be united and thanked everyone
present.
In conclusion, Peter gave a vote of thanks on behalf of Union Gold and Protea Hotels and
thanked everybody for their presence and contribution to the meeting. He stated that all the
submissions will be looked into by the board and decisions will be made to meet as many of
the stakeholders’ requirements as possible. He thanked Her Royal Highness Chieftainess
Chiawa and the interpreter for his eloquence.
There being no other business to discuss, the meeting ended at 15:15 hours.

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Appendix 7: Tittle Deed for the Proposed Project Site

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Appendix 8: Consulted Stakeholders' Written Submissions
1) Written Submissions Received at the Meeting
Respondent 1:
At Mugulameno Village we have a health Post which is opened. We ask Protea Hotel to
assist with Solar Panels. – Headman Luka Mambo
Respondent 2:
Majority of people area saying continue at the same place and construct
Respondent 3:
Dear Sir, Please Protea Hotel should be built at Donatini area. Nothing More to look. Yours
Sincerely, G. Ngulube
Respondent 4:
Protea Hotel should be built at Donatini
Respondent 5:
There are two issues we raised. (1) The issue of helping Chiawa School since you first
launched your Hotel at the very school. Please help us especially two houses that are at the
slab level. We shall appreciate. (2) Most of our children in school fail to proceed further in
their education due to lack of funds. Could you please make a provision in assisting the
vulnerable children materially or financially so that they finish school. (Teacher from Chiawa
Basic School)
Respondent 6:
Please Protea, can you carry on your project at the eastern GMA without fail very urgent.
(Chairman of CMMCS Limited)
Respondent 7:
Protea, continue at Donatini. (Joseph Kaliza)
Respondent 8:
Any possibility of scaling down on the size in order to fit the environment (Mustafa,
Munyemeshi)
2) Submissions Received by Short Messaging System (SMS)
Respondent 1:
Do NOT Stop. Put a hotel at Donatini. We need 72 rooms (0976861767; 010809)
Respondent 2:
Sir, you left out the issue of helping orphaned and vulnerable children in schools because
community here are poor (Guidance Teacher, 0977 987431; 300709)

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Appendix 9: Certificate of Incorporation for Protea Hotels Zambia Limited

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Appendix 10: Map of the Proposed Chiawa Partnership Park

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Appendix 11: Protea Hotels Group Policy Guidelines on Environmental Sustainability
and Responsible Tourism
1. Protea Hotels, in the operation of its managed and owned Hotels, is committed to
responsible business practices that will contribute towards growth that is economically,
socially and environmentally sustainable.
2. Protea Hotels, in its operations, is guided by the Responsible Tourism guidelines as
published by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism as well as
international trends towards responsible business practice and believes this to be a key
performance area for all Hotels within the Group as well as being a market advantage in
doing so.
3. While the nature and location of the Group's operations are considered to be of low
impact, Protea Hotels recognizes that even at this level, our operations do have an
impact on the environment and within the local communities.
4. Protea Hotels will therefore, in all its operations, identify and highlight areas of its
operations that are deemed to have an impact and will, accordingly, publish operational
guidelines and measurement criteria and targets for the management of, inter alia:-
4.1. Energy consumption (electrical);
4.2. Water consumption (cleaning, laundry and GUEST usage);
4.3. Waste water (sewerage, laundry and kitchen);
4.4. Recyclable waste (paper, glass, aluminium cans and steel cans);
4.5. Support and involvement of local communities (procurement, economic benefit,
job creation, skills development and community relationships).

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Appendix 12: Protea Hotels Group Policy on Health and Safety

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Appendix 13: Approval Letter for Study Terms of Reference


Environmental Impact Statement For Protea Hotels (Lower Zambezi)

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Environmental Impact Statement For Protea Hotels (Lower Zambezi)

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA (ECZ)

Protea Hotels Zambia Limited

Address: Protea Hotel Zambia Limited

Contact person: Mr. Adam Lethbridge

2. Environmental Consultant’s Details

Address: Binary Solutions

Contact Person: Shadreck Y. Nsongela

Address: Shelter Designs

Contact Person: Victor Musonda

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

TABLE 1: PLANT AND EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................................... 19

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

FIGURE 1: ACCOMODATION BLOCK (FRONT VIEW) .................................................................................................... 16

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

Binary Solutions Limited, contracted as an independent Consultant to undertake an

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

Mathew Saili - …………………………………

Shadreck Y. Nsongela - …………………………………

Christopher Chisense - …………………………………

Chisanga Mulenga - …………………………………

Moses Mulambya - …………………………………

Doreen Chipika Bwalya - …………………………………

Nchimunya Himunyanga - …………………………………

Moses Nyoni - …………………………………

Charles M Phiri - …………………………………

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

The Lodge will comprise:

• New job opportunities;

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

Anticipated positive project impacts on the socio-economic front include:

• Tested realisation of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) development initiative

• Promotion of tourism related business opportunities for local communities;

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

• Increase in communicable diseases including HIV/AIDS due to increased interaction

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

• Provision of information and awareness creation on Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Key measures for mitigating negative biophysical impacts include:

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

An Environemntal Management Plan (EMP) comprising an Impact Enhancement Plan,

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

1.1 Background to the Project

1.2 Developer’s Profile

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

1.2.2. Board of Directors

1.3 Rationale for conducting the EIA Study

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

The more detailed objectives of the EIA are:

• To ensure that environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and incorporated

1.4 EIA Approach and Methodology

• Planning meetings – Protea Hotels and Binary Solutions

1.4.1 Planning meeting

1.4.2 Preliminary consultations

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd

1.4.3 Site Reconnaissance Survey

1.4.4 Desk Study

1.4.5 Scoping and public consultation

Protea Hotels (Z) Ltd and Union Gold Ltd