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Mu sc cn cacbon
Mu sc
Nhit bay hi
T trng
Hm lng metanol
c trng
Tc dng permanganat
Hm lng nc
Gii hn
Metanol
Axeton
Max 0,002%KL.
Etanol
Max 0,001%KL.
Axit axetic
Max 0,003%KL.
Amoniac
Max 0,003%KL.
Nc
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
25385
22720
89,5
8669
1313
925
439
689
138
4821
163
825
1350
3388
22720
28295
23927
84,6
8873
1486
947
463
723
144
5467
271
780
1441
3332
23927
30012
26127
87,1
9193
1504
964
480
725
149
6864
352
785
1437
3674
26127
32632
27142
83,2
9484
1663
978
472
744
158
7186
374
804
1478
3801
27142
35962
28165
78,3
9732
1753
977
475
790
160
7561
383
836
1526
3972
28165
36612
30355
82,9
10464
2176
966
516
894
177
7944
402
963
1666
4187
30355
37362
32746
87,6
11466
2318
990
573
956
199
8150
404
1203
1849
4638
32746
2004
2006
2008
2010
Cung ng
Tiu th
Cu/Cung(%)
37.362
32.746
87,6
37.362
33.537
89,8
37.362
35.300
94,5
37.362
37.249
99,7
2.3. Gi bn metanol.
Gi metanol ph thuc rt nhiu vo gi du th. S bin ng v gi
metanol trong nhng nm trc 2003 khng nhiu. Ch khi cn st du la
xy ra cui nm 2004 mi lm cho gi metanol tng t bin.
Nhn chung, tng gi du m s lm gi metanol tng tng ng.
Thc t gi metanol trn th trng quc t din bin phc tp hn so vi
nhng g cc nh t vn d bo. Sau khi gi du th tng vt ngng 50
USD/thng vo cui nm 2004, gi metanol tng t 200 USD/ tn ln ti
trn 300USD/ tn.
D bo gi metanol:
Mt thi gian di gi metanol bnh n mc 150 USD/ tn. Nhng t
cui nm 2004, bt u c nhng bin ng ln. Gi metanol tng lin tc v
n qu 1 nm 2005 t mc trn 300 USD/ tn. L do l gi du th th gii
tng t 28 ln ti trn 50USD/thng.
Sau y l cng thc kinh nghim tnh gi thnh sn xut ca hng
Methanex:
Gi MeOH = 36* Gi kh thin nhin + 25 USD
Trong gi thit: - Gi kh TN dao ng trn di 7 USD/ Tr. BTU,
- Gi du th dao ng trn di 50 USD/thng.
Vi gi kh thin nhin l 7 USD/1 Tr. BTU, gi metanol s l:
36 . 7 + 25 = 277 $US/ tn.
2.4. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th metanol ti Chu v khu vc ASEAN
a. ng Nam (ngn tn)
Nm
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
Sn xut
Indonesia
218
170
150
220
800
950
950
Malaysia
686
640
600
600
600
640
640
Myanmar
80
70
60
50
50
50
50
Tng cng
984
880
810
870
1450
1660
1660
Indonesia
388
412
436
470
490
547
609
Malaysia
243
278
298
308
309
378
402
Myanmar
26
27
27
27
27
29
30
Philipin
44
48
50
52
52
58
60
Singapo
41
55
78
78
80
82
85
Thi Lan
67
92
132
151
164
213
291
809
912
1021
1089
1122
1307
1485
-175
-32
-211
-219
328
353
175
Tiu th
Tng cng
Cn bng khu vc
10
b. Khu vc ng
Nm
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
Sn xut
Hn Quc
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
Trung Quc
640
700
1184
950
1000
1110
1110
Tng cng
665
730
980
1030
1130
1130
1130
Hn Quc
599
670
795
903
1044
1080
1250
i Loan
359
357
428
460
515
662
707
Trung Quc
795
1084
1184
1319
1539
1952
2362
Tng cng
1752
2111
2407
2682
3098
3694
4319
-3189
i Loan
Tiu th
Cn bng khu vc
-1087
-1968 -2564
1994
1995
1998
c. Nht Bn
Nm
1996
1997
2001
2004
Sn xut
41
70
70
70
70
70
70
Tiu th
1880
1993
1985
2004
2023
2117
2271
Cn bng
-1839
-1953 -2047
-2201
1994
1995
1996
1997
-2751
1998
2001
-3593 -4258
2004
-5251
11
1994
1995
Nng lc sn xut
Sn xut
1997
1998
2001
2004
Formaldehyte
180
212
259
264
264
266
280
Axit axetic
105
113
118
153
183
183
183
Clorometan
15
20
20
20
22
25
28
Dimethyl terephtalate
25
27
36
28
28
28
28
Metyl methacrylat
20
20
20
20
53
53
53
100
110
146
182
250
250
290
TAmetanol
19
20
22
26
28
33
38
41
42
46
62
80
ngdng khc
121
125
136
174
176
187
280
Tng cng
599
670
795
56
Nhp khu
604
633
610
903
1044
1080
1250
Xut khu
19
15
-599
-614
-795
Dimethyl ether
MTBE
Dung mi
nh gi tng trng/
suy gim
Thng d/thm ht
1996
e. Khi ASEAN
c bc tranh r rng hn v tnh hnh cung cu metanol ca cc
nc khi ASEAN- i tc gn gi ca Vit nam trong khu vc, chng ta xem
xt cc s liu thng k v d bo sau y:
12
- Indonesia
Nm
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
Nng lc sn xut
220
200
200
250
830
990
990
Sn xut
218
170
150
220
800
950
950
99,1
85,0
75,0
88,0
96,4
96,0
96,0
330
350
370
400
414
460
509
Axit axetic
Clorometan
Dimethyl terephtalat
Metyl methacrylat
Dimethyl ether
MTBE
TAmetanol
Dung mi
40
44
48
53
55
64
75
ng dng khc
18
18
18
20
21
23
25
388
412
436
473
490
547
609
Nhp khu
170
242
286
223
72
40
Xut khu
182
443
341
-170
-242
-286
-253
310
403
341
Tiu th
Formaldehyte
Tng cng
nh gi tng trng/ suy
gim
Thng d/thm ht
13
Malaysia
Nm
1994
1995
1996
Nng lc sn xut
660
660
660
660
660
730
730
Sn xut
686
640
600
600
600
660
660
103,9 97
90,9
90,9
90,9
90,4
90,4
Formaldehyt
112
127
142
150
150
155
170
Axit axtic
Clorometan
Dimethyl terephtalat
Metyl methacrylat
58
58
Dimethyl ether
MTBE
93
108
108
108
108
108
108
TAmetanol
Dung mi
15
17
19
20
21
22
24
ngdng khc
23
26
29
30
30
35
42
Tng cng
243
278
298
308
309
378
402
nh gi tng trng/
50
suy gim
-18
Nhp khu
Xut khu
393
380
302
292
291
282
258
Thng d/thm ht
393
380
302
292
291
282
258
Tiu th
14
Myanma
Nm
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
80
70
60
50
50
50
50
53,3
46,7
40,0
33,3
33,3
33,3
33,3
21
22
22
22
22
24
25
Axit axetic
Clorometan
Dimethyl terephtalat
Metyl methacrylat
Dimethyl ether
MTBE
TAmetanol
Dung mi
ngdng khc
26
27
27
27
27
29
30
nh gi tng trng/
suy gim
Nhp khu
Xut khu
54
43
33
23
23
21
20
Thng d/thm ht
54
43
33
23
23
21
20
Nng lc sn xut
Sn xut
Hiu sut vn hnh %
Tiu th
Formaldehyt
Tng cng
15
Philippin
Nm
1997
1998
2001
2004
Nng lc sn xut
Sn xut
22
23
24
25
25
28
32
Axit axetic
Clorometan
Dimethyl terephtalat
Metyl methacrylat
Dimethyl ether
MTBE
TAmetanol
Dung mi
ngdng khc
19
20
21
22
22
25
31
Tng cng
44
48
50
52
52
58
68
Nhp khu
44
48
50
52
52
58
68
Xut khu
-44
-48
-50
-52
-52
-58
-68
Tiu th
Formaldehyt
nh gi tng trng/
suy gim
Thng d/thm ht
16
Singapore
Nm
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
Nng lc sn xut
Sn xut
20
21
22
22
23
25
27
Axit axetic
Clorometan
Dimethyl terephtalat
Metyl methacrylat
Dimethyl ether
16
37
49
49
49
49
49
TAmetanol
Dung mi
ngdng khc
41
55
78
78
80
82
85
Nhp khu
100
120
120
125
125
125
125
Xut khu
59
65
42
47
45
43
40
-41
-55
-78
-78
-80
-82
-85
Tiu th
Formaldehyte
MTBE
Tng cng
nh gi tng trng/
suy gim
Thng d/thm ht
17
Thi Lan
Nm
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2001
2004
Nng lc sn xut
Sn xut
40
50
81
95
105
140
180
Axit axetic
Clorometan
Dimethyl terephtalat
Metyl methacrylat
Dimethyl ether
MTBE
12
18
20
20
20
40
TAmetanol
18
20
22
24
26
35
47
10
11
12
13
18
24
67
92
132
151
164
213
291
Nhp khu
67
92
132
151
164
213
291
Xut khu
-92 -132
-151
-164
-213
-291
Tiu th
Formaldehyte
Dung mi
ngdng khc
Tng cng
nh gi tng trng/
suy gim
Thng d/thm ht
-67
18
2002
Lng (tn)
Tr gi (USD)
2003
2004
2005**
14 356
15 967
17 586
5 609
3 006 967
3 920 617
4 486 610
1 844 754
16,11 %
16,2%
Mc tng trng
Nhu cu metanol
Tng
2006
23 000
15%
2007
26 500
15%
2008
29 600
15%
2009
33 000
15%
2010
38 000
15%
Nhn xt:
Qua cc s liu trn, nhn chung nc ta, mc tng trng s dng
metanol lm dung mi v mt s ng dng khc u n l 15%. iu ny s
cn tip tc trong cc nm ti v mc tng GDP ca Vit Nam n nh l 78%/nm.
S tng trng t bin nhu cu metanol ch c th xy ra khi trin khai
cc d n sn xut formandehyt v dieden sinh hc cha hp phn i t
metanol.
20
21
Xc tc
(1)
p sut cao, xc tc
CH3OH (methanol)
(3)
CO2
CO2
CH3OH + H2O + Q
+ 3H2
H2
+ Q
(4)
(5)
kh tng hp
Kh tun hon
tr li
( lm sch)
Kh
lnh
(ngui)
1
2
3
4
5
Metanol th a
i tch v tinh
ch
24
26
Theo Oil & Gas Journal - Worldwide Construction Surveys 1996-2001 and Licensor
30
31
d. Gii thiu cng ngh Lurgi tin tin sn xut metanol t kh thin nhin.
Qu trnh cng ngh ca Lurgi l qu trnh sn xut metanol t kh
thin nhin. Bao gm qu trnh sn xut kh tng hp t kh thin nhin,
chuyn ho kh tng hp thnh metanol v tinh ch metanol. Hnh 5 l ton
cnh mt nh my sn xut metanol cng sut 1000 tn/ngy Malaysia.
34
Hnh 17: S cc thit b phn ng trong cng ngh chuyn ho hai giai on
Hn hp cht thu c sau phn ng khi ra khi hai thit b tng hp c
nhit xp x 255C (hnh 7), c t hp trong thit b trao i. Ti ,
nhit ca hn hp c s dng mt phn gia nhit s b kh tun hon v
kh b sung. Cn nhit ta ra t qu trnh ngng t sn phm v qu trnh lm
lnh kh ra khi thit b phn ng c tn dng gia nhit s b nc
nguyn liu ca ni hi trong thit b gia nhit.
Sau khi lm lnh, hn hp phn ng gm pha lng v pha hi c a
vo thit b tch metanol. Pha hi ch yu cha kh cha phn ng v mt
lng nh cc hi ngng t khc. Pha lng ch yu cha sn phm phn ng
vi mt vi kh ho tan. Trong thit b tch metanol, hai pha ny c tch
mt cch hiu qu nht. Phn on lng c chuyn n phn xng chng
ct, cn phn on hi c chuyn n my nn kh hi lu kiu ly tm.
Trc khi a vo my nn, mt phn kh c lm sch iu chnh s tch
t kh tr. Kh sch mt phn lm nguyn liu, mt phn c s dng nh
nhin liu cho thit b reforming kiu ng chm to kh tng hp.
Phn xng chng ct metanol
Metanol th c to ra trong qu trnh tng hp cha nc, cc kh ho
tan v mt lng khng mong mun, nhng khng th trnh khi, cc sn
35
36
37
C + H2O
CO + H2 - Q (thu nhit)
C + CO2
2CO
Nhc im (l th yu):
9 Nu trong cc sn phm to ra c loi c nhit nng chy cao,
th vt liu lm l kh ha phi chu nhit cao.
9 Ngoi ra v hm lng tro ln v do phi kh ha nhit cao hn
nn hiu sut l gim nhiu hn so vi kh ha than cc bng
phng php l tnh.
Nh vy c th thy l nn dng than cm lm nguyn liu sn xut
metanol. Hin nay, phng php l ng s dng loi nguyn liu ny c u th
nht l phng php Koppers Totzek (cn gi tt l phng php l K T).
Kh ha than cm trong l K T
Trong phng php ny, than cm (kch thc ht khng qu 0,1mm)
c kh ha bng oxy v hi nc theo dng thun chiu ti p sut kh
quyn trong l K T (xem hnh v 19).
40
Nc
Khng kh
Than
42
Tro v x
X lng
Kh th
Kh ho than cm
1- Bunke np than; 2- Nghin tuyn c ht; 3- Xyclon tch; 4- Bunke than nguy liu;
5- Thit b pht kh nng; 6- B lc sch hi; 7- H bunke; 8- Ni hi; 9- L kh ha;
10- Thit b tho tro; 11- Thp ra; 12- Bm ly tm; 13- Thit b lm lnh; 14- Van chn kh; 15- B thi
kh th; 16- Bn cha kh th; 17- B lc; 18- Thit b lng x.
57,2
H2
30,7
CO2
10,5
CH4
0,1
N2
1,2
H2S + COS
0,3
610
in nng, kW.h
66
Hi nc m, tn
0,38
Nc ni hi, m3
2,6
To ra
Kh th, m3
1830
Hi nc m, tn
43
loi 55 atm
1,8
0,6
44
47
49
Cc m pht hin
Thp
TB
Cao
Cc m d kin s
c pht hin
Thp
TB
Cao
Thp
120
110
Kh ng hnh
50
71
100
60
Kh thin nhin
270
397
520
530
750 1020
800
25
41
50
110
160
135
Condensat
90
Tng cng
210
TB
161
Cao
220
1175 1540
200
260
52
53
54
Cng on
T l
Reforming vi hi nc
43%
Chun b than
3%
Nn kh
12%
Kh ho than
35%
Tng hp metanol
36%
Chuyn ho vi hi nc
5%
Tinh ch
9%
Tch kh axit
13%
Tng hp v tinh ch
metanol
13%
Tch khng kh
29%
X l chng nhim
2%
Tng u t
100%
Cng on
Tng u t
T l
100%
55
1.
G. Margaret Wells (2002), Handbook of Petrochem. and Process,
Gower publ company Ltd, London, England.
2.
Methanol Vietnam Feasibility Study, Section 1: Product and
Markets, november 1996.
3.
TECNONs Report of the Methanol Markets in invidual
countries, 1994 2004.
4.
Forward looking Statement of The MethanexCorp: The
Methanol supply/demand balance, MethanexCorp, Toronto, 5 2005.
5.
2005.
6.
nh Luyn, Ng Anh Hin, Ng Vn nh, Thc trng v
mt s gii php nhm pht trin ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam n nm
2020, Tuyn tp bo co hi ngh KH CN Vin Du kh: 25 nm xy dng
v trng thnh, NXB KH&CN, H Ni, 2001.
7.
on Thin Tch, Du kh Vit Nam, NXB H Quc gia TP. H
Ch Minh, 2001.
8.
Cng ty ch bin v kinh doanh cc sn phm kh, iSO 9001 :
2000 OHSAS: 18001.
9.
10.
Methanol technology and application in Motor fuels, Edited by J.
K. Paul, NOYES DATA Corporation, N. J, USA, 1988.
11.
Xuu e
. , , , 1990.
12.
Process in Chemistry in Japan, Ind. Chemistry Library, Volume
1, Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo, 1989.
56
13.
TS. Nguyn Quang Hinh, TS. Trn ng Hng TCTD Kh Vit
Nam, Kh nng khai thc v s dng cc m kh t ca Vit Nam, Tp ch
cng nghip m s 1/2007, trang 28 35.
14.
Phan Cnh Huy, Nghin cu u t pht trin ngnh cng
nghip kh Vit Nam trong chin lc pht trin nng lng quc gia, Lun n
tin s, 2000.
15.
2002.
57
Mc lc
58
59
Sn xut metanol
_________________________________________________________________________
61