AUSTRALIAN CENTRE

FOR EVENT MANAGEMENT

EVENT MANAGEMENT:
AN AUSTRALIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY
COMPILED BY:
Johnny Allen
Director ACEM
School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism
University of Technology, Sydney

Rob Harris
Director, Continuing Professional Education
School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism
University of Technology, Sydney

Monique Huyskens
Project Officer
Australian Centre for Event Management
University of Technology, Sydney

2001

University of Technology, Sydney

 2001

Australian Centre for Event Management

School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism
University of Technology, Sydney
PO Box 222
Lindfield NSW 2070
Tel: 9514 5116
Fax: 9514 5195

ISBN: 1 86365 567 0

FOREWORD
Bibliographies, while never complete in their coverage, are useful in a
broad brush sense in capturing the current state of play in a particular area
of research. This publication seeks to do this in the context of the
Australian event field.
The publication of this bibliography is designed to coincide with the
holding of the first Australian conference dealing with research in the events
area Events Beyond 2000: Setting the Agenda.
It is intended to produce a more extensive version of this publication in
2001. To this end, participants in the conference and other users of the
bibliography, are encouraged to add to the listings of event research and
publications. A page has been provided at the end of the bibliography for
this purpose.
References to the Olympic Games are not included in this bibliography,
and can be found in:
Burkhardt, A, Toohey, K. and Veal, A. (1995) The Olympic Games: A
Bibliography, Centre for Leisure and Tourism Studies, University of
Technology, Sydney, Lindfield, NSW.
This bibliography is updated periodically and is available electronically at:
http://www.business.uts.edu.au/leisure/research/olympic.html

We hope that you find this bibliography useful in the context of reviewing
and locating relevant literature on the events field.

Rob Harris
Australian Centre for Event Management
School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism
University of Technology, Sydney

CATEGORIES OF EVENT RESEARCH

This bibliography has been organised into general research areas that relate to the event field,
and into event type classifications. If articles are identified as belonging to two or more
categories, it has been listed under multiple headings.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL RESEARCH AREAS ..................................................................................2
GENERAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES ....................................................................................2
MARKETING...................................................................................................................3
SPONSORSHIP .................................................................................................................5
REVENUE RAISING/MERCHANDISING...............................................................................6
CONSUMER/ATTENDEE/PARTICIPANT BEHAVIOUR ..........................................................6
EVENT OPERATIONS/LOGISTICS ......................................................................................7
RISK MANAGEMENT/LEGAL ISSUES ................................................................................8
TRAINING/EDUCATION ...................................................................................................8
HUMAN RESOURCES/VOLUNTEERS ...............................................................................10
ECONOMIC IMPACTS/EVALUATION ..............................................................................10
COMMUNITY IMPACTS.................................................................................................15
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ............................................................................................17
URBAN RENEWAL/IMAGE.............................................................................................17
EVENT TOURISM ...........................................................................................................18
OTHER RESEARCH ........................................................................................................19
TYPES OF EVENT........................................................................................................20
HALLMARK/MEGA EVENTS ..........................................................................................20
SPORTING EVENTS........................................................................................................21
SPECIAL EVENTS/CULTURAL EVENTS/FESTIVALS ..........................................................25
MEETINGS, INCENTIVES, CONVENTIONS AND EXHIBITIONS ...................29

GENERAL RESEARCH AREAS

GENERAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Appleby, L. 1991, 'Special events management - the challenges', Proceedings of the
Sportswomen Step Forward Conference, 28-30 June, Australian Sports
Commission, Canberra, pp. 114-121.
Carlsen, J. 1995, 'Gathering information: meetings and convention sector research in
Australia', Journal of Tourism Studies, vol. 6, no.2, pp. 21-29.
Carlsen, J. 1999, 'A review of MICE industry evaluation and research in Asia and Australia
1988-1998', Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, vol. 1, no. 4,
pp. 51-66.
Gamage, A. & Higgs, B. 1997, 'Economics of venue selection for special sporting events:
with special reference to the 1996 Melbourne Grand Prix', Asia Pacific Journal of
Tourism Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 15-26.
Giblin, D. 1995, Investigations of Success Factors of a Major Art Exhibition, Masters
Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
Hoad, T. 1992, 'Successful event management for sporting associations', Proceedings of
Sports Industry Conference, AIC Conferences, Sydney, pp. 1-3.
Kirchner, K. & Molloy, J. 2000, 'Wagners Ring Cycle: an insight into an international high
quality special event', in Peak Performance: Proceedings of the Tenth Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for Australian
University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), p. 50 (abstract only)
McDonnell, I., Allen, J. & OToole, W. 1999, Festival and Special Event Management,
John Wiley and Sons, Brisbane.
Meeting Industry Association Australia, 1997 Professional management of meetings,
conferences and events, MIAA, Sydney
McCabe, V. & Weeks, P. 1999, 'Convention services management in Sydney four to five
star hotels', Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.
67-84.
Meeting Industry Association Australia, 1997 Professional management of meetings,
conferences and events, MIAA, Sydney

Sharry, S. 1997, 'A super win', Australian Leisure Management, vol.1, no.3, pp. 30-32.
[bidding]
South Australian Tourism Commission 1982, Planning Special Events and Festivals, South
Australian Department of Tourism, Adelaide
Stokes, R. 1996, 'Developing an events tourism portfolio model', in Tourism and Hospitality
Research, Australian and International Perspectives: Working Papers from the
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Conference, ed G. Prosser, Bureau of
Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 89 (abstract only).
Tourism South Australia, 1990, Planning of Festivals and Special Events, South Australian
Department of Tourism, Adelaide.

MARKETING
Australian Travel Research Workshop 1987, The Impact and Marketing of Special
Events: Papers of the Australian Travel Research Workshop, Mt Buffalo Chalet,
Victoria, 12-14 November 1986, Australian Standing Committee on Tourism,
Canberra.
Barkla, B, 1985 How to get what you want from the media : by giving them what they
want, Western Australian Government, Department for Sport and Recreation,
Wembley, Western Australia
Beauregard, L.E. 1997, Calendar of Special Events in New South Wales, Community
Information Association of NSW, Sydney.
Hannan, G. & Jolly, M. 1993, 'Creating and marketing major sporting events: the IMG
Australia step-by-step approach to successful event marketing, in Maximising
Marketing Opportunities in Sports and Arts Sponsorship, IES Conferences
Australia, Sydney, pp. 91-95.
Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1995, 'Special event calendars: some exploratory research', Festival
Management and Event Tourism, vol. 3, no.3, pp. 49-58.
Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1996, 'Special event calendars: conceptual and research issues', in
National Tourism & Hospitality Conference: Proceedings from the Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, ed R. Shaw, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, pp. 60-73.
Keonig, U. & Whitelaw, P. 1998, 'Why I love pain: marketing long distance endurance
events: a case study of Australias largest cross country skiing event', in Tourism and
Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
3

Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.

Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 6 (abstract only).
King, B. 1999, Convention and Meeting Market Segmentation in Hong Kong, Masters
Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.

Shilbury, D, Quick, S & Westerbeet, H, 1998, Strategic Sport Marketing, Allen & Unwin,
St Leonards, NSW.
Silbert, P, 1996 Go public : how to promote exhibitions, events & venues, Art on the
Move, Perth
Smith, E. 1987, 'Marketing techniques for hallmark events (the First Australian Defence of the
Americas Cup)', in The Impact and Marketing of Special Events: Papers of the
Australian Travel Research Workshop, Mt. Buffalo Chalet, Victoria, 12-14
November, Australian Standing Committee on Tourism, Canberra, pp. 76-96.
Tanabe, L. Green, C. & Chalip. L. 1998, 'Target marketing of sport events with multiple
competitions: lessons from the Gold Coast marathon', in Proceedings of the Eighth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference Part II, eds B.
Faulkner, C. Tideswell & D. Weaver, Bureau of Tourism, Canberra, pp. 441-442.
Victoria. Dept. of Sport and Recreation 1987 Marketing sport and recreation in country
regions, Proceedings of a seminar: 'Special Event Marketing', held on 15 and 16 July
1987 at the Warrnambool Performing Arts Centre, Dept. of Sport and Recreation,
Melbourne
Wells, J. & Dunn J. 1991, 'Marketing research for a hallmark event to maximise tourism
benefits', in The Benefits and Costs of Tourism: Proceedings of a National
Tourism Research Conference held at Marine Resort, Nelson Bay, New South
Wales, October 3-4 1991, ed P.J. Stanton, University of Newcastle, Newcastle,
NSW, pp. 275-289.
Yaman, R. 1997, 'Marketing for events: a framework for study', in (comp.) R. Yaman & L.
Jago, Marketing for Events: Selected Readings, Victoria University of Technology,
Melbourne, pp. 1-7.

SPONSORSHIP
Australian Society of Association Executives 1994, A Guide to Sponsorship for
Associations: Sponsorship & Endorsement, How to Win and Retain It, the Risks
Involved, and What it Means for Your Name and Logo, Australian Society of
Association Executives, NSW Division, [Homebush, NSW].
Australian Sports Commission 1993, Volunteer Management: A National Framework:
Incorporating the Volunteer Involvement Program and the Club Planning
Program, The Commission, Canberra.
Elliott, J. & Hanson, I. 1993, 'Event marketing - an insiders guide to exploiting sponsorship
deals in the media', in Maximising Marketing Opportunities in Sports and Arts
Sponsorship, IES Conferences Australia, Sydney, NSW, pp. 81-90.
Geldard, E. & Sinclair, L. 1996, The Sponsorship Manual, The Sponsorship Unit, Victoria.
Hamill, A. 1990, 'Sports sponsorship - the development of selection and evaluation criteria',
Sports Management and Marketing, Australian Investment Conferences, Sydney,
NSW, pp. 1-16.
Maximising Marketing Opportunities in Sports and Arts Sponsorship: New and Highly
Innovative Marketing Strategies for Maximum Corporate and Brand Exposure,
1993, IES Conferences Australia, Sydney, NSW.
Peppard, F. 1993, 'Understanding the effectiveness of sports and arts sponsorship as a
flexible marketing and communication medium - Melbourne Symphony Orchestra', in
op.cit., Maximising Marketing Opportunities in Sports and Arts Sponsorship, pp.
1-10.
Poulos, J. 1992, 'Broadcasting and media rights: choosing your sponsor, what risks does it
and could it bring?', Sport and the Law - Happy Partnership or Forced Marriage,
2-4 July, ANZSLA Conference, Sydney, NSW, pp.1-12.
Skildum-Reid, K. & Grey, A. 1999 Sponsorship seekers toolkit, McGraw-Hill, Sydney
Sweaney, K. 1997 Sponsorship Trends, Australian Leisure Management, vol. 1, no. 3,
pp. 18-19
Yann Campbell Hoare Wheeler Research 1996, Corporate Support for the Arts 1996:
Report of a National Business Survey, with Comparisons to Earlier Surveys in
1986, 1989 and 1993, Australia Council, Redfern, NSW.
Zubin, R. 1995, 'Sponsorship of major events', Australian Leisure, vol. 6, no.4, pp. 3-5.

REVENUE RAISING/MERCHANDISING
Bannah, A. 198-, Money Making Miracles: the Case for Special Events, Fund Raising
Resource Centre, Forbes, NSW.
Harrison, B.J. 1995, 'Are special events lost in the land of Oz?', Nonprofit World, vol. 13,
no.4, pp. 10-13.

CONSUMER/ATTENDEE/PARTICIPANT
BEHAVIOUR
Boag, A. J., Cuskelly, G., & McIntyre, N. (1994). Expectations and Motivations of Masters
Games Competitors, in Playing On: The Proceedings of the National Forum on
Mature Aged Sport (pp. 11-21).Australian Sports Commission, Canberra
Cunneen, C. & Lynch, R. 1988, 'The social meaning of conflict in riots at the Australian
Grand Prix Motorcycle Races', Leisure Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-19.
Department of Communications and the Arts, 1997, Attendance at Festivals November
1995 to September 1996, Department of Communications and the Arts, Canberra.
Hamill, A. 1997, The mood of the Australian consumer as we move towards the new
millenium, paper delivered to The Big Event New South Wales Tourism Conference,
Wollongong, NSW
Han, T. K., Fredline, L., & Raybould, M. (2001). Expectations and Satisfactions of
Participants in a Youth Sporting Event. Working paper presented at the
Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the Eleventh Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, Canberra, 57
Heyward, M., Karsten, H., Schmidt, M., Taylor, N., & Wheeler, I. 1999, 'Its a long way to
the shop, if you want a sausage roll: investigating factors that affect the purchase of
food at a rock concert', in Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999,
Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality
Education (CAUTHE), eds J. Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research,
Canberra, p. 87 (abstract only).
Huygens, J. 1985, '1984 Adelaide festival fringe: research study - audience and participants',
Maximising Marketing Opportunities in Sports and Arts Sponsorship, SA
Department of Labour, Adelaide, pp. 1-10.

Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1996, 'Predicting consumer behaviour in relation to special events', in
Tourism and Hospitality Research: Australian and International Perspectives:
Working Papers from the Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, ed G. Prosser, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 42 (abstract
only).
Jago, L. 1997, Special Events and Tourism Behaviour: A Conceptualisation and an
Empirical Analysis from a Values Perspective, Phd Thesis, Victoria University of
Technology.
Lynch, R. 1991, 'Disorder on the sidelines of Australian sport', Sporting Traditions, vol. 8,
no.1, pp.50-75.
Mason, I. 1997, The audience at the 43rd Melbourne International Film Festival; A
Psychographic Analysis, Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
McLeod, J. 1993, The Identification of Key Variables which Impact on Patron Demand
at Major Special Events, Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
Raybould, M. 1998, Participant motivation in a remote fishing event, Festival Management
and Event Tourism, vol. 5, pp. 231-241.
Raybould, M. 1998, 'Motivation of event participation in a remote fishing event', in Progress
in Tourism and Hospitality Research 1998 Part 2: Proceedings of the Eighth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, eds B. Faulkner, C.
Tidswell & D. Weaver, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 461 (abstract
only).
Veno, A. & Veno, E. 1992, 'Managing public order at the Australian Motorcycle Grand
Prix', American Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 20, no.3, pp. 287-308.
Williams, J. & Van de Lee, P. 1986, Report on a Survey to Visitors to the 1985
Australian Formula One Grand Prix Adelaide November 1985, South Australia
Department of Tourism, Adelaide.

EVENT OPERATIONS/LOGISTICS
Bureau of Tourism Research, 1998 Measuring MICE industry infrastructure: a report, a
report to the Tourism Forecasting Council, BTR, Canberra
Graf, R. 1990, 'The synergy between major sporting events and facilities', Sports
Management and Marketing, Australian Investment Conferences, Sydney, NSW,
pp. 1-22.

Perth Convention Bureau 1997, Feasibility Study into the Development of a Dedicated
Convention and Visitor Centre, Perth Convention Bureau, Perth.
Queensland Folk Federation Incorporated, 1997, Operational and Site Management Plan,
1997
Raybould, M., Mules, T., Fredline, E. & Tomljenovic, R. 1999, 'Counting the herd:
applications of aerial photography to crowd estimates at open events', in Tourism
and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p.7 (abstract only).
Raybould, M., Mules, T., Fredline, E. & Tomljenovic, R. 2000, 'Counting the herd: using
aerial photography to estimate attendance at open events', Event Management: An
International Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 25-32.
Tonge, R. 1998, How to Organise Special Events & Festivals: A Practical Guide for
Non-profit Clubs & Associations, Gull Pub., Coolum Beach, Queensland.
Tonge, R. 2000, How to Organise Special Events & Festivals: A Practical Guide for
Non-profit Clubs & Associations, 3rd edition, Gull Pub., Coolum Beach,
Queensland.
Williams, H.1996, 'Staging events', Australian and New Zealand Tourism Professional,
April, pp.10-11.
Weigama, P., Mills, G. & Ernst, A. 1998, 'Scheduling appointments at tourism events', in
Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the
Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 41 (abstract only).

RISK MANAGEMENT/LEGAL ISSUES

Horsley, M. 1998 Horsley's meetings : procedure, law and practice,Butterworths, Sydney
Maxwell, T. 1992, 'Major events: rights and obligations of international and national sporting
bodies', Sport and the Law - Happy Partnership or Forced Marriage, 2-4 July,
ANZSLA Conference, Sydney.

TRAINING/EDUCATION

Harris, R. 1997, Tourism Events Education and Training Audit, Tourism New South
Wales, Sydney.
Harris, R. 1998, 'Education and training needs in the Australian public events sector', in
Proceedings of New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference:
Third Biennial Conference: Advances in Research Part 11, ed J. Kandampully,
Lincoln University, Christchurch, pp. 17
Harris, R. & Jago, L. 1999, 'Event education and training in Australia: the current state of
play', Australian Journal of Hospitality Management, Autumn, vol. 6, p. 45.
Jago, L., & Harris, R. (2001). Event education in Australia: demand versus supply.
Working paper presented at the Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the Eleventh
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Canberra, 64
McCabe, V. (2001). Educating MICE in Australia: an exploration of issues relating to
the curriculum design, development, and delivery of a meetings, incentives,
convention and exhibition (MICE) course within a regional university in
Australia. Working paper presented at the Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the
Eleventh Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Canberra, 87
Harris, R. & Jago, L. 1999, 'Event management education and training in Australia : the
current state of play', in Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999,
Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality
Education (CAUTHE), eds J. Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research,
Canberra, p. 4 (abstract only).
Perry, M., Foley, P. & Rumpf, P. 1996, 'Events management: an emerging challenge in
Australian higher education', Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 4, no.
3/4, pp. 85-93.
Royal, C. 1998, The Special Events Practitioners' Perspective of Accreditation: Is it
Essential, Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
Royal, C. & Jago, L. 1998, 'Special event accreditation: the practitioners perspective', in
Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the
Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 8 (abstract only).

HUMAN RESOURCES/VOLUNTEERS
Barwick, J. et al (eds) 1994, Volunteer Management for Organisations, Australian Sports
Commission, Canberra.
Flashman, R. & Quick, S. 1985, Altruisim is not dead: a specific analysis of volunteer
motivation, in ed. L. Moore, Motivating Volunteers, Vancouver Volunteer Centre,
Vancouver
Hodges, J. & Carlsen, J. 1998, 'A tale of two festivals: volunteer motivations and
expectations at two Australian Folk Festivals', in Progress in Tourism and
Hospitality Research 1998: Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Tourism and
Hospitality Research Conference Part 2, eds B. Faulkner, C. Tidswell & D.
Weaver, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 443 (extended abstract only).
McCabe, V. (2001). Career paths and labour mobility. Working paper presented at the
Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the Eleventh Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, Canberra, 89
Pocklington, J. & Noesjirwan, J. 1986, Managing Volunteers: Community Organisations
Project, Kuring-gai College of Advanced Education, Lindfield, NSW.

ECONOMIC IMPACTS/EVALUATION
Arnold, A. 1986 The Impact of the Grand Prix on the Transport Sector in Burns, J., Hatch,
J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event,
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 58-80
Australian Travel Research Workshop 1987, The Impact and Marketing of Special
Events: Papers of the Australian Travel Research Workshop, Mt Buffalo Chalet,
Victoria, 12-14 November 1986, Australian Standing Committee on Tourism,
Canberra.
Barron, V. 1996, 'Research on the impact of convention delegates on the Tasmanian
economy', paper presented to MIAA National Conference, Hobart, Australia, 1996.
Bentick, B. 1986 The role of the Grand Prix in promoting South Australian
entrepreneurship; exports and the terms of trade in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T.
eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre for South
Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 169-183

10

Bishop, G. & Hayles, J. 1986 The Impact of the Grand Prix on the Accommodation
Sector in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The
Impact of a Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies,
Adelaide, pp. 82-92
Bray-Kelsey, O.J. 1995, The Economic Impact of Opera Tourism Including a Case
Study of the 1992 Ballarat Opera Festival, Victoria University of Technology,
Footscray, Victoria.
Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. 1986, eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a
Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide.
Burns, J. & Mules, T. 1986, A Framework for the Analysis of Major Special Events, in J.
Burns, J. Hatch. & T. Mules, eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a
Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 5-37
Centre for Applied and Business Research 1986, America's Cup: Economic Impact: Final
Report and Study Summary 1986, Centre for Applied and Business Research,
Nedlands, Western Australia.
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies 1988, M
' odelling major sporting events in
Australia', Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide.
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies 1991-1994 Sports economics : a newsletter
and information service covering the economic aspects of sport and sporting
events, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide
Dwyer, L. & Forsyth, P. 1996, 'MICE tourism to Australia: a framework to assess impacts',
in Tourism and Hospitality Research: Australian and International Perspectives:
Working papers from the Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, ed. G. Prosser, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra
Dwyer L. & Forsyth P. 1997, 'Impacts and benefits of MICE tourism: a framework for
analysis', Tourism Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp 21-38.
McDonald, S. 1990, 'The 1990 Adelaide festival: the economic impact', Centre for South
Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide
Davies, J. 1996, The Buck Stops Where? The economic impact of staging major events,
paper presented to the Australian Events Conference, Canberra
Department of Communications and the Arts, 1997, Measuring the impact of festivals :
guidelines for conducting an economic impact study, National Centre for Culture
and Recreation Statistics, Statistics Working Group of the Cultural Minister's Council,
Canberra

11

Department of Sport, Recreation and Tourism, 1986, Economic impact of the World Cup
of Athletics held in Canberra in October 985: Discussion Paper, Research and
Development Section, Canberra
Downey, B. 1991, The Tourism Impact on Victoria of its Special Sporting Events:
Including Case Studies of the 1989 Bells Beach Easter Surf Carnival and the
1989 Ford Australian Open, Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
Downey, B. 1993, 'Major sports events in Victoria: the economic impact and related tourism
opportunities', Leisure Options, July, pp. 28-32.
Dwyer, L., Mistilis, N., Mellor, R. & Mules, T. 1999, A Framework for Forecasting the
Economic Impacts of Events by Type and by Location: A Study for Tourism
New South Wales, Centre for Tourism Research, University of Western Sydney,
Macarthur.
Dwyer, L.M. & Owen A.D. 1991, Evaluation of the Impact of the 1991 Tooheys
Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Eastern Creek NSW, 4-7 April 1991: A
Report prepared for the New South Wales Tourism Commission, New South
Wales Tourism Commission, Sydney.
Ernst & Young 1994, The Economic Impact of the 1994 Australian FAI Indy Car Grand
Prix, Ernst & Young Consulting, Brisbane.
Ernst & Young 1994, World Masters Games, Brisbane1994: Economic Impact and
Market Research Study, Report prepared for the Queensland Events Corporation,
Ernst & Young Consulting, Brisbane.
Ernst and Young 1996, 1995 World Police and Fire Games: Economic Impact
Assessment, Melbourne
Faulkner, H. W. 1993, Evaluating the Tourism Impact of Hallmark Events, Occasional
Paper Number 16, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.
Fredline, E., Mules, T. & Divers, T. 1999, 'Sweet little rock and roller : the economic impact
of the 1998 Wintersun festival', in Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses
1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality
Research Conference, Council for Australian University Tourism and
Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J. Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, pp. 12-21
Giddings, C. 1997, Measuring the Impact of Festivals Guidelines for Conducting an
Economic Impact Study, National Centre for Culture and Recreation Studies,
Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra

12

Hatch, J. 1986 The impact of the Grand Prix on the Restaurant Industry in Burns, J., Hatch,
J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event,
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 95-103
Johnson, L. Foo, L. & O' Halloran, M, 1999, Meetings Make Their Mark: Characteristics
and Economic Contribution of Australia's Meetings and Exhibitions Sector,
Occasional Paper No. 21, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.
KPMG Peat Marwick, 1993, The economic impact of the Adelaide Convention Industry,
Peat Marwick, Sydney.
Market Equity South Australia 1996, 1996 Adelaide Festival - An Economic Impact
Study, Report prepared for the South Australia Tourism Commission, Department for
the Arts and Cultural Development and the Australia Council, Adelaide
Marsh, I & Greenfield, J. 1993 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras: An Evaluation of
Economic Impact, Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Ltd., Sydney
Marsh, I. & Levy S. 1998, Sydney Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras: Economic Impact
Statement 1998, Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Ltd., Sydney, Erskineville,
NSW.
McCann, C. & Thompson, G. 1992, 'An economic analysis of the first Western Australian
State Masters Games', Journal of Tourism Studies, vol.3, no.1, pp. 28-34.
McCloud, P. & Syme, J. 1987 Forecasting the economic impact of the Americas Cup in
The Impact and Marketing of Special Events: Papers of the Australian Travel
Research Workshop, Mt. Buffalo Chalet, Victoria, 12-14 November, Australian
Standing Committee on Tourism, Canberra,
McDonald, S. 1990, The 1990 Adelaide Festival Economic Impact, Tourism South
Australia, Adelaide.
Mistilis, N. & Dwyer, L. 1997, 'Capital cities and regions: economic impacts and challenges
for development of the MICE Industry in Australia', in Tourism Research Building a
Better Industry: Proceedings of the Australian Tourism and Hospitality
Research Conference, ed R. Bushell, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.
Mules, T. 1995, 'The economic impact of special events', paper presented to Regional
Economic Issues Conference, University of New South Wales, December.
Mules, T. 1998, 'Taxpayer subsidies for major sporting events',
Review, vol. 1, no. 1, 25-43

Sport Management

Mules, T. 1999, 'Estimating the economic impact of an event on a local government area,
region, state or territory', Occasional Paper Number 28, Valuing Tourism:
Methods and Techniques, eds K. Corcoran, A. Allcock, T. Frost & L. Johnson,
Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, pp. 33-45.
13

Mules, R. & Faulkner, B. 1996, 'An economic perspective on special events', Tourism
Economics, vol. 2, no.2, pp. 107-117.
Mules, T. & McDonald, S. 1994, 'The economic impact of special events: the use of
forecasts', Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 45-53.
National Centre for Culture and Recreation Statistics 1997, Measuring the Impact of
Festivals: Guidelines for Conducting an Economic Impact Study, Statistics
Working Group of the Cultural Minister's Council, [Canberra?].
National Institute of Economic & Industry Research 1989, The Economic Impact and
Tourism Value of the 1989 Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix on Phillip Island,
National Institute of Economic and Industry Research, Canberra.
National Institute of Economic and Industry Research 1996, Economic Impact Evaluation
of the 1996 Transurban Australian Grand Prix, Department of State Development
(Tourism Victoria), Melbourne.
Parry, M. 1988, Pilot Survey of Convention Delegate Expenditure, Adelaide Convention
and Tourism Authority, Adelaide.
Peters, D. & Jones, B. 1996, 'Size and Impact of the MICE Industry', in Proceedings of the
Meetings Industry National Conference, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.
Price Waterhouse 1989, Economic Impact Assessment of the 1988 Australia Formula
One Grand Prix, Price Waterhouse, Adelaide.
Price Waterhouse 1993, The Australian Formula One Grand Prix: 1992 Formula One
Grand Prix Economic Evaluation, Price Waterhouse, Canberra.
Reark Research 1991, Evaluation of the Impact of the 1991 Tooheys Australian
Motorcycle Grand Prix at Eastern Creek, New South Wales, 4-7 April 1991,
New South Wales Tourism Commission, Sydney.
Rey, P. 1987 Economic Impact of Special Events using example of World Cup Athletics,
Canberra in The Impact and Marketing of Special Events: Papers of the
Australian Travel Research Workshop, Mt. Buffalo Chalet, Victoria, 12-14
November, Australian Standing Committee on Tourism, Canberra,
Schubert, D. 1990, Convention Delegate Expenditure Study, National Centre for Studies
in Travel and Tourism, Sydney.
Thomson, N. 1986 Financial impacts upon the public sector in Burns, J., Hatch, J. &
Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre
for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 186-197

14

Van Der Lee, P. & Williams, J. 1986 The Grand Prix and Tourism in Burns, J., Hatch, J. &
Mules, T. 1986, eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event,
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 39-55
Walo, M., Bull, A. & Breen, H. 1996, 'Achieving economic benefits at local events: a case
study of a local sports event', Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 4,
no.3/4, pp.95-106.

COMMUNITY IMPACTS
Arcodia, C., & Whitford, M. (2001). Festival Attendance and the Development of Social
Capitaal. Working paper presented at the Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the
Eleventh Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Canberra, 10
Arthur, D. & Andrew, J. 1996, 'Incorporating community involvement in the management of
sporting mega-events: an Australian case study', Festival Management and Event
Tourism, vol. 4, no. 1/2, pp. 21-27.
Centre for Applied and Business Research, 1987 America's Cup Defence Series, 1986/87:
Impact on the Community, Report prepared on behalf of America's Cup Office,
Government of Western Australia and Commonwealth America's Cup Support
Group, Centre for Applied and Business Research, Nedlands, Western Australia.
Cox, G. 1996 Showing off or showing up the city? The social impacts of major events,
paper presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Association for
Impact Assessment, Lisbon, Portugal
Cox, G. et al 1998, 'International review of the housing impacts of hallmark events', 2000
Olympics and the Residential Tenancy Market, New South Wales Department of
Fair Trading, Sydney.
Cox, G. 1998 Faster, higher, strongerbut what about our rights? Human rights and
hallmark events, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, vol 16, no. 3,
September, pp 175-184
Cowie, I. 1987, 'Possible measure to protect private tenants from any impact associated with
hallmark events with special reference to the America's Cup defence in Perth', paper
presented to Conference on People and Physical Environment Research, Perth, June
15-17.
Dunstan, G. 1986 Living with the Grand Prix - Good or Bad in Burns, J., Hatch, J. &
Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre
for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 105-121

15

Fischer, A, Hatch, J & Paix, B. 1986 Road accidents and the Grand Prix in Burns, J.,
Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special
Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 151-167
Fredline, E. 1997, 'Resident perceptions of the Gold Coast Indy: an exploratory study', in
Tourism Research: Building a Better Industry: Proceedings from the Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, ed R. Bushell, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, p. 512 (abstract only).
Fredline, E. 2000, Host Community Reactions to Major Sporting Events: The Gold
Coast Indy and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix, PhD Thesis (manuscript
currently under examination), Griffith University.
Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 2000, 'GIS and host community perceptions mapping the way
residents feel about events, in Peak Performance in Tourism and Hospitality
Research: Proceedings of the Tenth Australian Tourism and Hospitality
Research Conference, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra (abstract only).
Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 2000, 'Host community reactions: a cluster analysis', Annals of
Tourism Research, vol. 27, no.3, pp. 763-784.
Hall, C.M., Selwood, H.J. & McKewon, E. 1995, 'Hedonists, ladies and larrikins: crime,
prostitution and the 1987 Americas Cup', Visions in Leisure and Business, vol. 14,
no. 3, pp. 28-51.
Hipkins, M. 1987, 'How Fremantle coped with the challenge', in paper presented to the
Conference on People and Physical Environment Research, Perth, June 15-19.
Hodges, J. & Hall, M. 1996, 'The partys great but what about the hangover?: the housing
and social impacts of mega-events', in Tourism and Hospitality Research:
Australian and International Perspectives: Working papers from the Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, ed G. Prosser, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, p. 37 (abstract only).
McKay, J. 1986 Some social impacts of the Grand Prix on residents closest to the circuit
noise and property damage in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide
Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic
Studies, Adelaide, pp. 124-147
Newman, P. 1987, 'The Impact of the America's Cup on Fremantle - An Insiders View', in
Proceedings of the Conference on People and Physical Environment Research, Perth,
June 15-17.
Selwood, H.J. & Jones, R. 1993, 'The America's Cup in retrospect: the aftershock in
Fremantle', in Leisure and Tourism: Social and Environmental Change: Papers
from the World Leisure and Recreation Association Congress, eds A.J. Veal, P.

16

Jonson, & G. Cushman, Centre for Leisure and Tourism Studies, University of
Technology, Sydney, pp. 656-660.
Soutar, G. & McLeod, P. 1987, 'Fremantle residents perception of the impact of the
Americas cup on their city', in Proceedings of the Conference on People and
Physical Environment Research, Perth, Western Australia, June 15-17, Centre
for Urban Research, University of Western Australia, Perth.
Soutar, G. & McLeod, P. 1993, 'Residents perceptions on the impact of the Americas
Cup', Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 20, no.3, pp. 571-582.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Selwood, H.J. & Jones, R. 1993, 'The America's Cup in retrospect: the aftershock in
Fremantle', in Leisure and Tourism: Social and Environmental Change: Papers
from the World Leisure and Recreation Association Congress, eds A.J. Veal, P.
Jonson, & G. Cushman, Centre for Leisure and Tourism Studies, University of
Technology, Sydney, pp. 656-660.

URBAN RENEWAL /IMAGE

Hall, C.M. 1995, U
' rban imaging strategies and hallmark events : an examination of the
Sydney 2000 Olympics and the Melbourne Formula One Grand Prix', in Leisure
Connexions: Proceedings of the ANZALS Second Conference, eds C. Simpson &
B. Gidlow, Lincoln University, Christchurch pp. 385-390.
Mules, T. 1993 Special events as part of an urban renewal strategy, Festival Management
and Event Tourism, vol.1, no.2, pp 65-79

17

EVENT TOURISM
Carroll, P. & Donohue, K. 1991, 'Special events and tourism', Tourism in Australia, eds P.
Carroll, K. Donohue & J. McGovern, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Sydney, pp. 129140.
Dowell, R. 1998, 'Sports tourism: something of substance or just another passing fad?', in
Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the
Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 3 (abstract only).
Dunstan, G. 1994, Becoming Coastwise, the Path of Festivals and Cultural Tourism,
Landscape and Lifestyle Choices for the Northern Rivers of NSW, Southern Cross
University, Lismore.
Ellis, R.B. 1995, Major Sporting Venues as Tourist Attractions, PhD Thesis, Victoria
University of Technology.
Fredline, E. & Raybould, M. 1999, 'Participatory sporting events and tourism', paper
presented at the 1999 European Conference of the Travel and Tourism Research
Association, Dublin, September.
Prosser, G. 1993, 'Mansell meets Mozart: event tourism in Adelaide, South Australia',
Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 125-130.
Putera, Y.A. 1995, The Sydney Festival and Carnivale: Can it Attract the Tourism
Dollar?, Y.A. Putera, Sydney, NSW.
Sheedan, B.1997, 'Event tourism : Melbourne Sports Training Co-ordination Centre',
Australian Parks and Recreation, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 29-31.
Smith C. & Jenner P. 1998, 'The impact of festivals and special events on tourism', Travel
and Tourism Analyst, no. 4, pp. 73-91.
Stokes, R. 1996, 'Developing an events tourism portfolio model', in Tourism and Hospitality
Research, Australian and International Perspectives: Working Papers from the
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Conference, ed G. Prosser, Bureau of
Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 89 (abstract only).
Wells, J. 1994, 'Floriade: a study in re-imaging Australias capital through event tourism', in
Proceedings of Tourism Down-under: A Tourism Research Conference, 6-9
December 1994, pp. 293-315.

18

OTHER RESEARCH
Burns, J. & Mules, T. 1986, A Framework for the Analysis of Major Special Events, in J.
Burns, J. Hatch. & T. Mules, eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a
Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 5-37
Jago, L. 1997, Special Events and Tourism Behaviour: A Conceptualisation and an
Empirical Analysis from a Values Perspective, Phd Thesis, Victoria University of
Technology.
Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1994, 'Categorisation of special events: a market perspective', paper
presented at the Tourism Down Under Conference, Massey University, Palmerston
North, 6-9 December.
Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1997, 'What makes an event special? A convergent validation
approach', in Proceedings of the Australia and New Zealand Marketing
Educators Conference, eds P. Reed, S. Luxton & R. Shaw, Monash University,
Melbourne, pp. 45-59
Jago, L., & Shaw, R. 1998, 'Special events: a conceptual and differential framework',
Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 5, no.1/2, pp. 211-232.
Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1998, 'Special events: a consumer based conceptualization', in Progress
in Tourism and Hospitality Research Part 2: Proceedings of the Eighth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, eds B. Faulkner, C.
Tidswell, & D. Weaver, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, pp. 445-457.
Jago, L. & Shaw, R. 1999, 'Consumer perceptions of special events: a multi-stimulus
validation', Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol.8, no. 4, pp. 1-24.
Mableson, R., Cheok, F. & Rowlands, D. 1986 The Grand Prix surveys design aspects
in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a
Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 199210

19

TYPES OF EVENT
HALLMARK /MEGA EVENTS
Cox, G. 1996 Showing off or showing up the city? The social impacts of major events,
paper presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Association for
Impact Assessment, Lisbon, Portugal
Cox, G. et al 1998, 'International review of the housing impacts of hallmark events', 2000
Olympics and the Residential Tenancy Market, New South Wales Department of
Fair Trading, Sydney.
Cox, G. 1998 Faster, higher, strongerbut what about our rights? Human rights and
hallmark events, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, vol 16, no. 3,
September, pp 175-184
Cowie, I. 1987, 'Possible measure to protect private tenants from any impact associated with
hallmark events with special reference to the America's Cup defence in Perth', paper
presented to Conference on People and Physical Environment Research, Perth, June
15-17.
Faulkner, H. W. 1993, Evaluating the Tourism Impact of Hallmark Events, Occasional
Paper Number 16, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra.
Hall, C.M. 1995, U
' rban imaging strategies and hallmark events : an examination of the
Sydney 2000 Olympics and the Melbourne Formula One Grand Prix', in Leisure
Connexions: Proceedings of the ANZALS Second Conference, eds C. Simpson &
B. Gidlow, Lincoln University, Christchurch pp. 385-390
Hodges, J. & Hall, M. 1996, 'The partys great but what about the hangover?: the housing
and social impacts of mega-events', in Tourism and Hospitality Research:
Australian and International Perspectives: Working papers from the Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, ed G. Prosser, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, p. 37 (abstract only).
National Centre for Studies in Travel and Tourism 1989, Expo 88 Impact: The Impact of
World Expo 88 on Queenslands Tourism Industry, Queensland Tourist and Travel
Corporation, Brisbane.
Wells, J. & Dunn J. 1991, 'Marketing research for a hallmark event to maximise tourism
benefits', in The Benefits and Costs of Tourism: Proceedings of a National
Tourism Research Conference held at Marine Resort, Nelson Bay, New South
Wales, October 3-4 1991, ed P.J. Stanton, University of Newcastle, Newcastle,
NSW, pp. 275-289.

20

SPORTING EVENTS
Arnold, A. 1986 The Impact of the Grand Prix on the Transport Sector in Burns, J., Hatch,
J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event,
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 58-80
Bentick, B. 1986 The role of the Grand Prix in promoting South Australian
entrepreneurship; exports and the terms of trade in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T.
eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre for South
Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 169-183
Bishop, G. & Hayles, J. 1986 The Impact of the Grand Prix on the Accommodation
Sector in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The
Impact of a Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies,
Adelaide, pp. 82-92
Burns, J 1987 Analysing Special Events, with illustrations from the 1985 Adelaide Grand
Prix in The Impact and Marketing of Special Events: Papers of the Australian
Travel Research Workshop, Mt. Buffalo Chalet, Victoria, 12-14 November,
Australian Standing Committee on Tourism, Canberra,
Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. 1986, eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a
Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide.
Burns, J. & Mules, T. 1989, 'An economic evaluation of the Adelaide Grand Prix', The
Planning and Evaluation of Hallmark Events, eds G. Syme, B. Shaw, D. Fenton
& W. Mueller, Avebury, Gower Publishing Ltd., Hants, UK, pp. 172-185.
Cunneen, C. & Lynch, R. 1988, 'The social meaning of conflict in riots at the Australian
Grand Prix Motorcycle Races', Leisure Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-19.
Department of Sport, Recreation and Tourism, 1986, Economic impact of the World Cup
of Athletics held in Canberra in October 985: Discussion Paper, Research and
Development Section, Canberra
Downey, B. 1991, The Tourism Impact on Victoria of its Special Sporting Events:
Including Case Studies of the 1989 Bells Beach Easter Surf Carnival and the
1989 Ford Australian Open, Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Technology.
Dunstan, G. 1986 Living with the Grand Prix - Good or Bad in Burns, J., Hatch, J. &
Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre
for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 105-121

21

Dwyer, L.M. & Owen A.D. 1991, Evaluation of the Impact of the 1991 Tooheys
Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Eastern Creek NSW, 4-7 April 1991: A
Report prepared for the New South Wales Tourism Commission, New South
Wales Tourism Commission, Sydney.
Ernst & Young 1994, The Economic Impact of the 1994 Australian FAI Indy Car Grand
Prix, Ernst & Young Consulting, Brisbane.
Ernst & Young 1994, World Masters Games, Brisbane1994: Economic Impact and
Market Research Study, Report prepared for the Queensland Events Corporation,
Ernst & Young Consulting, Brisbane.
Ernst and Young 1996, 1995 World Police and Fire Games: Economic Impact
Assessment, Melbourne
Fischer, A, Hatch, J & Paix, B. 1986 Road accidents and the Grand Prix in Burns, J.,
Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special
Event, Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 151-167
Fredline, E. 1997, 'Resident perceptions of the Gold Coast Indy: an exploratory study', in
Tourism Research: Building a Better Industry: Proceedings from the Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, ed R. Bushell, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, p. 512 (abstract only).
Fredline, E. 2000, Host Community Reactions to Major Sporting Events: The Gold
Coast Indy and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix, PhD Thesis (manuscript
currently under examination), Griffith University.
Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 1998, 'Resident reactions to a major tourist event: the Gold
Coast Indy Car Race', Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 5, no. 4,
pp. 185-205.
Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 1999, 'Host community reactions to the Gold Coast Indy', in
Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the
Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 11 (abstract only).
Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 1998, 'Resident reactions to a major tourist event: the Gold
Coast Indy Car Race', Festival Management and Event Tourism, vol. 5, no. 4,
pp. 185-205.
Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 1999, 'Host community reactions to the Gold Coast Indy', in
Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the
Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 11 (abstract only).
22

Fredline, E. & Faulkner, B. 2000, 'GIS and host community perceptions mapping the way
residents feel about events, in Peak Performance in Tourism and Hospitality
Research: Proceedings of the Tenth Australian Tourism and Hospitality
Research Conference, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra (abstract only).
Gamage, A. & Higgs, B. 1997, 'Economics of venue selection for special sporting events:
with special reference to the 1996 Melbourne Grand Prix', Asia Pacific Journal of
Tourism Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 15-26.
Government of Western Australia (n.d.), Master Record of the Governments Role in
Australias Defence of the Americas Cup 1987, Perth.
Hall, C. M. & Selwood, H.J. 1987, 'Americas cup lost, paradise retained?: the dynamics of
a hallmark tourist event', paper presented to the Conference on People and Physical
Environment Research, Perth, June 15-19.
Hall, C.M., Selwood, H.J. & McKewon, E. 1995, 'Hedonists, ladies and larrikins: crime,
prostitution and the 1987 Americas Cup', Visions in Leisure and Business, vol. 14,
no. 3, pp. 28-51.
Han, T. K., Fredline, L., & Raybould, M. (2001). Expectations and Satisfactions of
Participants in a Youth Sporting Event. Working paper presented at the
Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the Eleventh Tourism and Hospitality Research
Conference, Canberra, 57
Hatch, J. 1986 The impact of the Grand Prix on the Restaurant Industry in Burns, J., Hatch,
J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event,
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 95-103
Jarvis.J. & Ricketts. L. 1993, The Tourism Impact of the 1993 Ford Australian Open,
National Centre for Australian Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, available:
http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/tourism/Austopen.htm.
Keonig, U. & Whitelaw, P. 1998, 'Why I love pain: marketing long distance endurance
events: a case study of Australias largest cross country skiing event', in Tourism and
Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 6 (abstract only).
McCann, C. & Thompson, G. 1992, 'An economic analysis of the first Western Australian
State Masters Games', Journal of Tourism Studies, vol.3, no.1, pp. 28-34.
McCloud, P. & Syme, J. 1987 Forecasting the economic impact of the Americas Cup in
The Impact and Marketing of Special Events: Papers of the Australian Travel

23

Research Workshop, Mt. Buffalo Chalet, Victoria, 12-14 November, Australian

Standing Committee on Tourism, Canberra,
McKay, J. 1986 Some social impacts of the Grand Prix on residents closest to the circuit
noise and property damage in Burns, J., Hatch, J. & Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide
Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre for South Australian Economic
Studies, Adelaide, pp. 124-147
National Institute of Economic & Industry Research 1989, The Economic Impact and
Tourism Value of the 1989 Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix on Phillip Island,
National Institute of Economic and Industry Research, Canberra.
National Institute of Economic and Industry Research 1996, Economic Impact Evaluation
of the 1996 Transurban Australian Grand Prix, Department of State Development
(Tourism Victoria), Melbourne.
Price Waterhouse 1989, Economic Impact Assessment of the 1988 Australia Formula
One Grand Prix, Price Waterhouse, Adelaide.
Price Waterhouse 1993, The Australian Formula One Grand Prix: 1992 Formula One
Gran Prix Economic Evaluation, Price Waterhouse, Canberra.
Rey, P. 1987 Economic Impact of Special Events using example of World Cup Athletics,
Canberra in The Impact and Marketing of Special Events: Papers of the
Australian Travel Research Workshop, Mt. Buffalo Chalet, Victoria, 12-14
November, Australian Standing Committee on Tourism, Canberra,
Tanabe, L. Green, C. & Chalip. L. 1998, 'Target marketing of sport events with multiple
competitions: lessons from the Gold Coast marathon', in Proceedings of the Eighth
Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference Part II, eds B.
Faulkner, C. Tideswell & D. Weaver, Bureau of Tourism, Canberra, pp. 441-442.
Thomson, N. 1986 Financial impacts upon the public sector in Burns, J., Hatch, J. &
Mules, T. eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event, Centre
for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 186-197
Van Der Lee, P. & Williams, J. 1986 The Grand Prix and Tourism in Burns, J., Hatch, J. &
Mules, T. 1986, eds. The Adelaide Grand Prix: The Impact of a Special Event,
Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, Adelaide, pp. 39-55
Veno, A. & Veno, E. 1992, 'Managing public order at the Australian Motorcycle Grand
Prix', American Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 20, no.3, pp. 287-308.
Weir, H. 1989, Report on a Survey to the 1988 Foster's Australian Formula One Grand
Prix Adelaide November 1988, Tourism South Australia, Adelaide.

24

Williams, J. & Van de Lee, P. 1986, Report on a Survey to Visitors to the 1985
Australian Formula One Grand Prix Adelaide November 1985, South Australia
Department of Tourism, Adelaide.

SPECIAL EVENTS/CULTURAL EVENTS/FESTIVALS

Australian Travel Research Workshop 1987, The Impact and Marketing of Special
Events: Papers of the Australian Travel Research Workshop, Mt Buffalo Chalet,
Victoria, 12-14 November 1986, Australian Standing Committee on Tourism,
Canberra.
Beauregard, L.E. 1997, Calendar of Special Events in New South Wales, Community
Information Association of NSW, Sydney.
Bleby, A. 1986, The 1988 and beyond : Australian young people's festival manual
Commonwealth Department of Education with the co-operation of the Department of
Employment and Industrial Relations, Australian Government Publishing Service,
Canberra
Bray-Kelsey, O.J. 1995, The Economic Impact of Opera Tourism Including a Case
Study of the 1992 Ballarat Opera Festival, Victoria University of Technology,
Footscray, Victoria.
Brokensha, P. & Guldberg, H. 1992, Cultural Tourism in Australia: A Report on Cultural
Tourism, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Brown, L., & Davies, J. (2001). Wine and Food Festival: too much of a good thing?
Working paper presented at the Capitalising Research. Proceedings of the Eleventh
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Canberra, 27
Carbery, G. 1995, A History of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, Australian
Lesbian & Gay Archives Inc., Parkville, Victoria.
Cranfield, M. 1994, 'Towards a national festival of Australian folk culture', in Traditions and
Tourism: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Proceedings of the Sixth National
Folklife Conference, eds G.B. Davey & S. Faine, National Centre for Australian
Studies, Clayton, Victoria, pp. 120-123.
Dunstan, G. 1994, Becoming Coastwise, the Path of Festivals and Cultural Tourism,
Landscape and Lifestyle Choices for the Northern Rivers of NSW, Southern Cross
University, Lismore.

25

Fredline, E., Mules, T. & Divers, T. 1999, 'Sweet little rock and roller : the economic impact
of the 1998 Wintersun festival', in Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses
1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality
Research Conference, Council for Australian University Tourism and
Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J. Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism
Research, Canberra, pp. 12-21.
Frost, W. 1998, 'Golden anniversaries: tourism and the 150th anniversaries of the Victorian
gold rushes (1851-2001) and the Californian gold rushes (1848/9-1998/9)' in
Tourism and Hospitality: Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the
Ninth Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for
Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J.
Molloy & J. Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 42 (abstract only).
Gillan, E. 1993 An Oral History of the Sydney Film Festival: 40 Years of Film, Annals of
Tourism Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 763-784.
Hawkins, G. 1993, From Nimbin to Mardi Gras: Constructing Community Arts, Allen &
Unwin, St Leonards, NSW.
Horgan, D. 1991, 'The success of the Leeuwin Concert', in Wine Tourism, Perfect
Partners: Proceedings of the First Australian Wine Tourism Conference, eds R.
Dowling & J. Carlsen, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 261.
Hull, A. 1984, Feasting on fiestas and festivals, paper delivered to the Associations of
Festivals Conference at Caulfield Arts Centre, Victoria
Kennett, J. 1998, 'Olivades: a South Australian festival', in Tourism and Hospitality:
Delighting the Senses 1999, Part 2: Proceedings of the Ninth Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for Australian
University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), eds J. Molloy & J.
Davies, Bureau of Tourism Research, Canberra, p. 349 (abstract only).
Kirchner, K. & Molloy, J. 2000, 'Wagners Ring Cycle: an insight into an international high
quality special event', in Peak Performance: Proceedings of the Tenth Australian
Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Council for Australian
University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE), p. 50 (abstract only)
Market Equity South Australia 1996, 1996 Adelaide Festival - An Economic Impact
Study, Report prepared for the South Australia Tourism Commission, Department for
the Arts and Cultural Development and the Australia Council, Adelaide
Marsh, I & Greenfield, J. 1993 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras: An Evaluation of
Economic Impact, Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Ltd., Sydney

26

Marsh, I. & Levy S. 1998, Sydney Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras: Economic Impact
Statement 1998, Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Ltd., Sydney, Erskineville,
NSW.
McDonald, S. 1990, The 1990 Adelaide Festival Economic Impact, Tourism South
Australia, Adelaide.
Neighbourhood Arts Unit, 1991, Community Festival Handbook, City of Melbourne,
Melbourne
Neuenfeldt, K. 1995, 'The Kyana Corroboree: cultural production of indigenous
ethnogenesis', Sociological Inquiry, vol. 65, no.1, pp. 21-46.
Pollock, R. & Willis, D. 1995, 'Moleskins and akubras: its Tamworths country music
festival', Australian Parks and Recreation, vol. 31, no.2, pp. 18-20.
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32

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