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PREPARE BY:
LECTURERS
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UITM PASIR GUDANG

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CONTENT:
1. Sequential function
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Planning
Organization
Staffing
Directing
Controlling

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PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9

Ability to acquire and apply basic knowledge of science, mathematics

and engineering (C)
Ability to communicate effectively, not only with engineers but also with
the public (A)
Ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems using
thinking skills and engineering reasoning (C)
Ability to act effectively as an individual and as a group with leadership
capabilities (A)
Understanding of the social, cultural, global, environmental
responsibilities, ethics and the needs for sustainable development (A)
Acquiring the capacity to undertake lifelong learning and having the
knowledge of contemporary issues (C)
Ability to design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze,
interpret data and to construct engineering drawing (P)
Ability to function in multidisciplinary teams (A)
Having the knowledge of management, financial and
entrepreneurship (C)
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At the end of this course, students should

be able to:
CO1 Outline the fundamental of management the
construction industry, the processes and the
organizational structures (C1-C2).
CO2 Propose basic project scheduling, control and
monitor skills for project planning and be aware of
project operational performance (C4-C6).
CO3 Classify the activities that take place at the
different stages with various type of procurement
system in the construction project life cycle (C1C4).
CO4 Differentiate job function and roles of the
various player in the construction industry, with
awareness on safety and health (A1-A6)
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At the end of this chapter, students

should be able to:

Explain the planning in sequential function.

Explain the organization in sequential function.
Explain the staffing in sequential function.
Explain the directing in sequential function.
Explain the controlling in sequential function.
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OVERVIEW
Construction management refers either to
the study and practice of the managerial and
technological aspects of construction
industry.
Every organization has its own objectives
and the achievement of these objectives
indicates the level of the organization
success.
A project is basically an organized
undertaking to accomplish a specific goal.
Technically, a project is defined as a major
output and require a significant period of
time to perform.
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TYPES OF FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

Sequential Function
Occur in sequence
Includes planning, organizing, staffing, directing & controlling
Output or result of an activity is measured
Necessary corrective action will be proposed
Appears in cycle

Continuous Function
Problem analysis, decision-making, and communicating
Through out the management process rather than any
particular sequence
Manager must have effective communication skill
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CONTROLLING

MANAGEMENT
PROCESS

1
PLANNING

4
DIRECTING

3
STAFFING

2
ORGANIZING

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1. PLANNING
Planning is concern with deciding future operations on the basis of
available forecast. It involves:
i.

Determining the objectives or policies of the organization.

i.

Recognizing various standards & factors that affect these

objectives (the standards may be budget, time or profit
margin).

ii.

Formulation of activities or programme (set objectives) in

order to achieve the organization objectives.

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2. ORGANIZING
Grouping of activities to be performed according to the plan
of the organization, and this is referred as departmentation.
Assign each sub-ordinate a separate task and giving
managerial authority and responsibility.
Defining the responsibilities of those individuals who are
employed to lead in each department.
Establish the relationship between each department.

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3. STAFFING
Appoint requisite numbers of personnel.
Control candidates selection, emphasize on relevant
criteria (qualification, ability, experience, knowledge
& communication skill).
Staff training & development.

Formulate their job performance

assessment/appraisal system.
Formulate fair promotion & dismissal system.
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4. DIRECTING
Directing is the implementing and carrying out (through
others) of those approved plans are necessary to achieve or
exceed objectives.
Directing involves such steps as:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Staffing : seeing that a qualified person is selected for each position.

Training : teaching individuals and groups how to fulfill their duties
and responsibilities.
Supervising: giving others day-to-day instruction, guidance, and
disciplines as required so that they can fulfill their
duties and responsibilities.
Delegating: assigning work, responsibility, and authority so others
can make maximum utilization of their abilities.
Motivating: encouraging others to perform by fulfill or appealing to
their needs.
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4. DIRECTING (Cont.)
Other activities or examples:
i.

Delegating or issuing of orders and instructions.

ii. Guiding the subordinates to work in the proper methods.

iii. Motivate the subordinates to work towards the objectives.
iv. Supervise subordinates to ensure that they perform according to the
plan.

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5. CONTROLLING
Controlling is a three-step process of measuring progress towards an
objective, evaluating what remains to be done, and taking the necessary
corrective action to achieve or exceed the objectives.

These 3 steps;
i. Measuring : determining through formal and informal reports the
degree to which progress toward objectives is being
made.
ii. Evaluating : determining cause of and possible ways to act on
significant deviations from planned performance.
iii. Correcting : taking control action to correct an unfavorable trend or
to take advantage of an unusually favorable trend.
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5. CONTROLLING (Cont.)
The task of establishing various performance standards to
measure, report & forecast deviation in the project scope,
budget & schedule.

Comparing of actual result to these standards.

Taking corrective action to reduce or eliminate discrepancies.

*Controlling-is a task that requires continual and timely

reporting of information so that the management can respond in
immediate.

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There are several important factors to be considered in

planning stage prior to the execution of the work;
i.

Identification of the objective to be achieved.

ii.

Expression of the objectives in term of time.

iii.

Assessment of the resources available against resources required.

iv.

Establish the most economical method by which the objectives can

be achieved by the time required taking into account the resources
available.

v.

From the method selected, specify the allocations of responsibilities.

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Listed below are responsibilities of the president and four

activities of the project manager. For each of the responsibilities
and activities listed below, identify the management function
associated with it.
PRESIDENT RESPONSIBILITIES:
Check actual progress in projects against schedules.
_____________
Provide an environment conducive to highest quality individual
and team performance. _____________
Develop company objectives to serve as a basic guide for
sound growth and development. _____________

Insure sound hiring policies and assign key personnel.

_____________

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Listed below are responsibilities of the president and four

activities of the project manager. For each of the responsibilities
and activities listed below, identify the management function
associated with it.
PROJECT MANAGERS ACTIVITIES:
Identify project objective, establish policies, procedures and
method. Break the project down into tasks and establish a
schedule and a budget. ________________
Supervise team members as they work toward meeting project
objective. ________________

Assign tasks to departments and individuals responsible for

performing the work. ________________
Evaluate the performance of the team and project progress
and take corrective action when necessary. ________________

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19

ECM367 PROJECT
ECG354
AND
HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING
MANAGEMENT