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Landslide mapping
Landslide mapping
Landslide inventory mapping uses:
aerial photo
satellite interpretation,
ground survey, and/or
a database of historical occurrences of landslides.
NEAR IR
VISIBLE
0.4
Wavelengh (M)
METEOSAT
MEDIUM IR
0.7
THERMAL IR
10
11
12
VIR
VIS
WV
TIR
4&5
NOAA
AVHRR
1
LANDSAT
MSS
4
TM
1 2
SPOT
XS
1
PAN
1
5 7
13
Landslide mapping
Current landslide inventory maps are not standardized.
They are published at different scales with various levels of
details.
Attention should be paid to the image specifications
required for an adequate interpretation:
Spatial resolution
Spectral resolution
Temporal resolution
Contrast
The interpretability is influenced by the existing contrast
between the slope movement and its background.
In image interpretation this contrast may be considered as
the spectral or spatial differences that exist between the
object of interest (landslide) and its surroundings.
In the case of slope failures, the contrast of the feature with
its surroundings depends on:
the period elapsed since the failure, as erosional processes and the
recovery of the vegetation are tending to obscure the cicatrices
which the landslide has left in the surface, and,
the severity with which the morphology, drainage and vegetational
conditions have been affected by the landslide.
Contrast (2)
The before mentioned contrast of the feature against its
background is a variable defining the amount of pixels
needed
Example: contrast
Example 2:
1: High
Low contrast
contrast
A landslide
The
figures scar
showthat
pictures
is in
with
shadow
varying
(low contrast) in
groundresolution
the central upper cells
part of
of the
a
landslide
picture and
in athe
depositional
Spanish
Pyrenees
area of landslide debris in
the central
to lower
The
landslide
scar ispart
nowof
the
picture.
The pictures
artificially
enhanced
and
show
the same
shownhow
in very
high
landslide
contrast. would be
displayed on aerial photos ,
SPOT Pan, SPOT XS, and
LANDSAT TM.
Conclusion
Conclusion??
10
Interpretability
For the evaluation of the suitability of remote sensing images for
landslide inventory mapping the size of individual slope failures
in relation to the ground resolution cell is of crucial importance.
For example:
typical area involved in a failure of 42000 m2.
20 x 20 pixels on a SPOT Pan image
10 x 10 pixels on SPOT multispectral images,
sufficient to identify a landslide displaying a high contrast
but insufficient for a proper analysis of the elements
pertaining to the failure to establish characteristics and type
of landslide.
11
Interpretability
12
14
Spectral information
15
Airphotos
Panchromatic black and white , Colour films
Black and white infrared and false colour infrared
films
Excellent spatial resolution, Normally
stereoscopic
Spectral resolution is bad in comparison to
multispectral data
Organization of a aerial photographic mission is
time consuming
Number of days with good climatic conditions are
very limited
The temporal resolution is bad in comparison to
satellite
imagery.
Landslide types
and causes
16
17
Infrared
Infrared sensitive film and false colour infrared film, is very useful.
Satellite data is useful, only when features are large.
18
Temporal resolution
19
Temporal resolution
20
SPOT
21
22
23
LANDSAT
25
LANDSAT
1:50.000
MSS
1963
1978
LANDSAT
TM
1987
26
Airphoto
1:50.000
1993
Guanay Landslide
Progression
(Bolivia)
LANDSAT MSS (60 x 80
metres),
LANDSAT TM (30 meters
except for the thermal
infrared band)
spectral resolution with 6
bands covering the whole
visible and the near and
middle infrared part of the
spectrum and with one
band in the thermal
infrared.
weakest point of the
LANDSAT System is the
lack of an adequate
stereovision
27
European ERS-1
Japanese JERS,
Canadian RADARSAT
all weather capability: cloud
penetrating.
information on surface roughness
and micromorphology.
not been very appropriate for the
application in mountainous
terrain.
radar interferometry is very
promising
RADARSAT 7 Nov. 98
SPOT 16 Nov. 98
historical
data
actual
data
occurence
of landlsides
Conclusions
33
For the inventory mapping and the analytical part of the slope
instability assessment, large scale aerial photography is used.
The potentials of radar imagery for landslide hazard zonation still
need further investigations.