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Chemistry 5

Course Introduction

Chapter-1

18 September 2002
Chemistry 5: The
Team
I. Lecturers
Charles Lieber
Sunney Xie
Chemistry 5: The Team
II. Assistant Head Tutor & Lab
Coordinator: Gregg Tucci (tucci@fas)

III. Head TFs


Problems: Logan McCarty (mccarty@fas)
Sectioning: Andy Ho (aho@fas)
Laboratory:
Philippe de Rouffingnac (rouffign@fas)
Robin Friedman (rfriedm@fas)

IV. Your TFs

V. Demonstrations: Daniel Rosenberg


Chemistry & Greater Things?

Chem (5/7)
Chemistry & Greater Things?

Nanotechnology

Environment Atmosphere

Biotechnology Chem (5/7) Energy

Pharmaceuticals Electronics

Materials

Chemistry is central to much of today’s and


tomorrow’s science and technology!
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
(Example: Prof. Shair, CCB, Harvard)
Chemistry & Greater Things?

Nanotechnology

Environment Atmosphere

Biotechnology Chem (5/7) Energy

Pharmaceuticals Electronics

Materials

Chemistry is central to much of today’s and


tomorrow’s science and technology!
Nanotechnology
Chemistry 5 Fall 2002
™ Office Hours-- C. Lieber
ƒ Fridays 12:00 – 2:00 pm
ƒ By appointment: cml@cmliris.harvard.edu
™ Plans for First Half of Chem-5
ƒ Matter—Its Properties and Measurement
Chapter 1; 1-lecture
ƒ Atoms and Atomic Theory
Chapter 2; 1 lecture
ƒ Chemical Compounds
Chapter 3; 1-2 lectures
ƒ Chemical Reactions
Chapter 4; 1-2 lectures
ƒ Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 5; 3 lectures
ƒ Gases
Chapter 6; 3 lectures
ƒ Thermochemistry
Chapter 7; 3 lectures
ƒ Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 9; 3 lectures
Chem 5 Fall 2002

Questions:
If you have a question during lecture,
please ask! Someone else is probably
wondering about the same point.
Chemistry
™ What does the subject chemistry bring to
mind?
ƒ Matter

ƒ Composition/Structure

ƒ Properties
Chemistry
ƒ Matter (the stuff of chemistry)
• matter is physical material of universe
• it is anything that has mass and occupies space
We will focus on matter composed of
elements from the periodic table
Chemistry
ƒ Matter (the stuff of chemistry)
• matter is physical material of universe
• it is anything that has mass and occupies space
We will focus on matter composed of
elements from the periodic table

ƒ Composition/Structure
• components of matter (e.g., atoms) and
relative proportions
• how these components are connected in
together

ƒ Properties
Attributes that we use to distinguish one
sample from another:
• physical (e.g., hardness, color)

copper vs. silicon?

• ‘chemical’ (reactivity!)
Chemical Properties & Change

ƒ What are chemical changes?


Chemical changes or ‘reactions’ transform one
form of matter into different kinds with different
compositions.

H2 H2/O2

H2O
Chemical Properties & Change

ƒ What does chemical change imply about


chemical properties?
While reading a textbook of chemistry, I came upon the
statement “nitric acid acts upon copper” and I determined to
what this meant. In the interest of knowledge I was even
willing to sacrifice one of the few copper cents then in my
possession. I put one of them on the table, opened a bottle
labeled “nitric acid”, poured some of the liquid on the
copper, and prepared to make an observation. But what was
this wonderful thing I beheld? The cent was already
changed, and it was no small change either. A greenish-blue
liquid foamed and fumed over the cent and over the table.
The air became dark red. How could I stop this?.........
Ira Remsen, 1901

ƒ Compare Gold and Sodium?

Au + H2O

Na + H2O

Different substances react in different


ways– have different chemical properties
Classification of Matter
™ Atoms, molecules and such?
ƒ Elements– different types of atoms
ƒ Molecules & Macromolecules– contain two or
more atoms

™ Mixtures and such?

matter
No Can sample be
Yes
separated by
substance physical process? mixture

No Yes
decomposed by
chemical process?
Yes No
uniform
throughout?
element compound

homgeneous heterogeneous
States of Matter
ƒ Three common states of matter:
ƒ Solid
ƒ Liquid
ƒ Gas
Density & Composition
™ What is difference between mass and
density?
Density is the mass in a unit volume of a
substance: density = mass/volume

ƒ extensive vs. intensive properties


Mass is an extensive property– it depends on
“how much”.
Density is an intensive property– it is
independent of the amount observed.

ƒ density expectations?
Density: An Example
™Vanadium Oxide, V2O5

1.0 g V2O5; ~0.30cm3 (ml)


Density = 1.0 g/0.30 cm3
=

™Cool reaction of V2O5


1.0 g V2O5
50 g H2O2 in 50 ml
2.0 g hexadecyl amine

Density(initial) = 53 g/50 cm3


=

Density(final) = 53 g/?
=

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