Adeva, Michael Anthony B.

Chem 4L
10:30-1:30 M
BSCE-1
March 16,
2015
Solutions and their Electrical Conductivities
Objectives:
1. Enumerate the different factors effecting (a) solubility and (b) the rate of
dissolving a substance.
2. Identify the solvents in which certain solutes are most soluble.
3. Classify substances as electrolytes or non-electrolytes, and
4. Explain why is substance is classified as an electrolytes or non-electrolytes.
Materials:
4 pcs. Crystals of blue vitriol (same size)
Table salt
Kerosene
Naphthalene powder
3 M sulphuric acid
Ethyl Alcohol
10 mL of 1 M of each of the following solutions (for part C)
Sodium acetate
Hydrochloric acid
Ammonium Hydroxide
Acetic Acid
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium chloride
Tap Water
Apparatus:
12pcs. Test tubes
Mortar and pestle
Calibrated Test tube
Safety glasses
Stirring rod
Stopwatch
Conductivity apparatus
Procedures and Observations:
I. Solubility of different solutes in different solvent.
1. Measure 2 micro spatulas of table salt and place it in test tube 1. Add 5 mL of
tap water then shake the test tube. To test tube 2, place another 2 micro
spatula full of table salt and add 5 mL of kerosene. Observe what happens in
each test tube.
Adding table salt and water together, it forms as a solution but adding
table salt and kerosene, it does not dissolve.

2. Repeat procedure A1 using naphthalene powder instead of table salt.

Observe and record your observations.
Naphthalene powder and water does not dissolve but naphthalene
powder and kerosene, it dissolves.
3. Take 5 mL of water and place it in a test tube. Add 2 mL of kerosene.
Observe.
The water does not dissolve in kerosene.
4. Repeat procedure A3 using ethyl alcohol instead of kerosene. Observe.
Kerosene and Ethyl alcohol form tiny bubbles and does not dissolve.
5. Explain the results of the experiment in terms of the kind of solute, solvent
and the type of intermolecular forces between them.
Table salt and water is solid in liquid kind of solution and it is an iondipole. Table salt and kerosene is a solid in liquid kind of solution but
does not dissolve because table salt generally dissolves in polar
solvents. Naphthalene powder and water is a solid in liquid kind of
solution, naphthalene is a non-polar solute and water is a polar solvent,
making the solution immiscible. Naphthalene powder and kerosene are
bot non-polar making it miscible. Water and Kerosene is a liquid kind of
solution and not miscible because water is polar solvent and Kerosene
is a non-polar solute. Like water and kerosene, ethyl and kerosene are
also miscible.
II. Factors that influence the dissolving velocity
1. Select four crystals of blue vitriol that are nearly the same size. Prepare four
test tubes. Fill 3 test tubes with 5 mL of tap water each then add four drops of
3 M sulphuric acid of solutions to each. Note: for procedures B1 (a) to (d)
always take note of the time in minutes that it takes to completely dissolve
the solid
(a) Drop a crystal of blue vitriol into test tube 1 and note the time it takes to
completely dissolve it
(b) Grind a second crystal in a mortar pestle and put the powdered blue vitriol in
test tube 2. Again, note the time it takes to dissolve the blue vitriol.
(c) Grind a third crystal place it in test tube 3 and stir until the blue vitriol has
dissolved
(d) Place 5mL of hot water to test tube 4, add 2mL of sulphuric acid and stir.
Drop a crystal of blue vitriol. Note the time it takes for it to dissolve.
2. Write all of your observations in your journal. Take note of the color
distribution in solution.
In part A, it takes 5 minutes 36 seconds to dissolve. In part B, its
dissolving velocity is 1 minute 42 seconds. Both are having the color of
sky blue. In part C it takes 30 seconds to dissolve. In part D, its
dissolving velocity is 1 minute 31 seconds. Both are colorless.
3. Arrange procedures B1(a) to (d) according to decreasing rate of dissolving.
Identify the factors varied in procedures B1 (b) to (d) relative to B1 (a).

Decreasing rate of dissolving: B1 (a), (b), (d), (c). B1 (a) has no factors
while (b) was the grinding of crystals. B1 (c) was the stirring and
grinding. Lastly, (d) was putting of the crystals in a hot water then
stirred.

III Electrolytes and non-electrolytes

1. Place 10 mL of each of the following 1.0 M solutions listed below in
conductance tube. Test the conductivity of each of the solutions by dipping
the electrodes of the conductivity apparatus in it. Record all observations.
(a) Hydrochloric Acid
(b) Acetic Acid
(c) Sodium Hydroxide
(d) Ammonium Hydroxide
(e) Ammonium Chloride
(f) Sodium Acetate
(g) Sodium Chloride
(h) Sucrose
(i) Distilled water
(j) Tap water
2. Test the conductivity of the solutions which did not give any light in procedure
A by slowly increasing the voltage. Record your observations.
3. Base on the results the conductivity test: classify the solutions tested as
electrolytes or non-electrolytes. Classify the electrolytes as either weak or
strong.
(a) Hydrochloric Acid strong electrolyte
(b) Acetic Acid weak electrolyte
(c) Sodium hydroxide strong electrolyte
(d) Ammonium hydroxide weak electrolyte
(e) Ammonium chloride strong electrolyte
(f) Sodium acetate- strong electrolyte
(g) Sodium Chloride strong electrolyte
(h) Distilled water non- electrolyte
(i) Tap water weak electrolyte
4. Explain the results of the activity on the basis of the kind of solute dissolved
IV. Conclusion
The exercise was a success. Enough effort has been made and many things have
been learned. So polar solvent and solute reacts with each other with non-polar
solvent and solute reacts with each other. Non-polar and polar does not react
with each other. Knowing electrolytes, there are many chemicals that can be
used as an electric conductivity.
V. Application
This laboratory activity helped us a lot. We have learned new things not only for
the sake of the subject but we can apply this to our lives. Learning this things will
make us aware of the chemicals that may hurt us may help us. It can be applied

in our encounter with different chemicals and also their conductivity. It makes us
aware of the safety precautions that should be made in case of anything
happens. We will be safe enough knowing this things and may save our lives