CNC

Turning Machine
C-502

Lyric Electronics

CNC
Turning Machine
C-502
First Edition
All rights reserved.
The material in this book may not be copied, duplicated, printed,
translated, re-edited or broadcast without prior agreement in writing.

Contents
Features..........................................................................................................................II
Safety instructions:.......................................................................................................III
Environmental conditions:...........................................................................................III
1.1
The system's description...................................................................................1
1.2
G&M-Code language........................................................................................3
1.3
Installing the S-LATHE software.....................................................................6
1.4
Operating the system........................................................................................7
1.5
Monitor.............................................................................................................9
Experiment 1.1 Turning Processing.........................................................................12
Experiment 1.2 Arches...............................................................................................16
Experiment 1.3 Turning the Rod..............................................................................22
Experiment 1.4 Project Processing...........................................................................28
1.6

FANUC screen..................................................................................................29

Lyric

II

C-502 CNC Turning Machine

The CNC turning machine training system is a compact, desk-top unit
designed to introduce the students to the world of CNC technology.

Features

General dimensions 650 x 590 x 590 mm

Z axis
107 mm
X axis
47 mm
Distance between centers 180 mm
Spindle speed
0 - 3000 rpm
Mechanical resolution 0.01 mm
Spindle bore 10 mm
Maximum turning 30mm diameter
Tailstock spindle Morse taper No. 1
Chuck 3 jaws
Extra chuck for center drill
Spindle motor 24V DC
X and Z axis motors Servo type; 12 V DC
Emergency stop button
Transparent door with magnetic limit switch
Low voltage lighting
Vacuum cleaner unit
RS-232 or USB communication to PC
2 Cutting knives
Chuck key
Allen key set
Cleaning brush

Lyric

III

Safety instructions:
Read and understand these entire instructions before proceeding.
Keep these instructions.
The operation of the system should only be attempted by experienced
and knowledgeable persons.
Use turning step resolution not over 1mm and adapt the feeding speed
to the processed material.
Always run a turning program on simulation mode before running it on
machine mode.
Never run a turning program without supervising the system.
Use the emergency stop button for emergency stop.
Disconnect the system from electrical supply before servicing for any
reason.
Servicing should be performed by QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY!
Do not operate the system with damage cord, wires or electrical parts.
Operate the system only with the enclosed power supply or with
suitable power supply supplied by the system manufacturer.
Clean only with dry cloth.
Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers or
other apparatus that produce heat.
Unplug the power supply and the computer during lighting storms or
when unused for ling periods of time.

Environmental conditions:
Do not expose the system to any kind of liquid.
Operating temperature: 0C to +45C
Humidity: up to 95% at 35C

Power requirements:
Rated voltage: 24 V
Input current: 6 A

Lyric

1.1

The system's description

The C-502 is a computerized turning machine system for sliver processing

plastic, hard wood and soft metal products. The system enables us to
manufacture products from these materials. The system includes a spindle
motor operated by a DC motor.
The processed material is tightened into the spindle bore. The turning tool
is installed on a table, which moves on two axes (X and Z).
The processed material is a round rod that rotates and the turning tool
movement on X direction cuts it on its perimeter.
The turning tool movement on Z direction is along the rod.
The movement of each axis is done by a DC motor, which includes a
magnetic encoder with hall effect sensors. The encoder outputs pulses
according to the motor's rotation.
The system is located inside a metal structure with a transparent door in the
front. The door operates a magnetic switch when it is closed.
The system includes a computerized control unit. The control unit operates
the motors, receives the pulses from the encoders and operates the DC
motor of the spindle. The system stops each time the front door is opened.
A computerized system for sliver processing is called CNC (Computerized
Numeric Control). The system's controller receives data, which determine
the movement of the turning tool (location and speed) and moves it
accordingly in a controlled manner.
A special language was created for CNC machines called G&M-Code. This
language is a universal language and despite this, each machine has its own
unique commands. This book describes the C-502 command set and the
system's programming method.
The programming language enables us to create programming files, where
each file is designated to manufacture a certain product (or part). The files
are saved in the computer's disk. In this way, we can manufacture a certain
part in the same level of accuracy and unity at each manufacturing, even if
the first manufacturing was a long time ago.
Lyric

The CNC system enables us to manufacture the exact amount of products

we need. All it takes is to load the computer with the appropriate file and
run the program. This process turned the manufacturing significantly
flexible. Flexibility means an easy transfer from one product to another.
These machines are called FMS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems).
The C-502 system is accompanied with the S-LATHE software. This
software enables us to create and edit a G&M-Code file and run it.
Running the file can be done in two ways by simulation or by operating
the machine.
In the simulation method, the software draws the turning tool movement on
the screen.
In the machine operation method, the computer sends a movement
commands to the system's control unit and the control unit executes the
processing.

Lyric

1.2

G&M-Code language

The G-Code language is a very simple programming language and this is

the secret of its popularity.
The programming file is a text file written by a text editor (a simple word
processing).
The programming rules are as follows:

Every instruction to the machine should start with the letter G or M

(this is the reason for the name G&M-Code).

The software ignores lines that do not start with the letter G or M.
For example, G1 X10 Z-35 F250 meaning:
Move in straight line (on X-Z plane) to point X, Z = 10,-35 from the
current location at feed of 250 millimeters per minute.

All the parameters should be given in millimeters.

S-LATHE software allows using the decimal point. i.e.: G1
X10.5
Z20.7
Important Note
S-LATHE uses point as decimal point. Computers that are set
to comma as decimal point must be changed to point as
decimal point. It is done in the 'Regional and language
options' on the 'Control Panel'.
The parameters are optional. It means that the current value of a
parameter that is not indicated in an instruction remains without
change.
We use the '/' sign to indicate relative values.
i.e.: G1 X/7.3 Z/-5 which means:
move 7.3 millimeters forward on X and 5 millimeters backward on Z
from the current location at previous feed.
Lyric

Lyric

The S-LATHE G-Code instruction set:

1)

G0 Xxx Zzz:
Idle movement on straight line (in a Cartesic axes system) to point
xx,zz at maximum speed.
Examples:
G0 X2 Z-30
G0 Z15.2

2)

G1 Xxx Zzz Fff:

Turning movement on straight line (in a Cartesic axes system) to point
xx,zz at ff speed.
Examples:
G1 X1 Z-30
G1 Z15.2

3)

G10 Rrr Ccc Iii Kkk:

Idle movement on straight line (in a Polar axes system) to point on a
circle's perimeter at maximum speed.
R is the circle radius.
C is the angle (in degrees) of the point.
I and K are the X,Z coordinates of the center of the circle.

R
I,K

0o

Examples:
G10 R10 C30 I25 K20
G10 C180

Lyric

4)

G11 Rrr Ccc Iii Kkk Fff:

Turning movement on straight line (in a Polar axes system) to point on
a circle's perimeter at ff speed.
R is the circle radius.
C is the angle of the point.
I and K are the X,Z coordinates of the center of the circle.

R
Co
I,K

0o

Examples:
G11 R10 C30 I25 K20 F2000
G11 C180
5)

G02 Iii Kkk Rrr Ccc Eee Fff:

Clockwise turning circular movement (arch) at ff feed.
R is the circle radius.
C is the angle (in degrees) of the starting point.
E is the angle (in degrees) of the ending point.
Note:
The instruction G02 means move in a straight line to the arch
starting point (indicated by C) and then to the arch ending point
(indicated by E).
Examples:
G1 X-5
G1 Z-30
G2 K-30 I-6 C90 E0 R1
G2 Z2 X-6

Lyric

6)

G03 Iii Kkk Rrr Ccc Eee Fff:

Counter clockwise turning circular movement (arch) at ff feed.
Examples:
G1 X-5
G1 Z-30
G3 I-5 K-31 C180 E220 R1 F150
G3 Z2 X-6

7)

G4:
"Wait" instruction, usually applied for stopping in order to replace the
turning tool or the processed material.
A message appears on the screen and the PC waits for clicking OK to
continue.

M-Code instruction set:

1)

M4 Sss - Command to start the spindle Motor CCW at ss speed in

RPM.

2)

M5 - Command to stop the spindle Motor.

1.3

Installing the S-LATHE software

The S-LATHE is a WINDOWS application turning program.

1)
2)
3)
4)

Turn ON the PC.

Using "My Computer" functions, copy the S-LATHE sub-directory
from the diskette to the hard disk.
Create a short-cut to the software S-LATHE.exe, which is in the
SLATHE sub-directory.
Move this short-cut to the desktop window.

To run the S-LATHE software you have to double click over this icon.

Lyric

1.4

Operating the system

The C-502 power supply is an external power supply that supplies low DC
voltage to the C-502 controller. The C-502 controller communicates with
the PC in serial communication (RS232 or USB).
The power supply is connected to the C-502 by two wires.
The C-5021 controller communication socket and RST pushbutton are
located on the right panel.
Step 1:

Connect the red wire to the + (red) terminal of the power supply.
Connect the red and black wire to the (black) terminal of the
power supply.

Step 2:

The serial communication cable (CBL-1) is a 3 wire cable with a

D-connector on one side and an earphone plug on the other side.
Connect the D-connector to the serial communication outlet of
the PC (COM1 or COM2) and the earphone plug to the earphone
inlet.

Step 3:

Connect the power supply of the C-502 to the Mains.

Step 4:

C-502 has an emergency pushbutton on the front panel.

Turn it ON by turning it to the right. The pushbutton will go out.

Step 5:

Turn ON the power supply Main switch.

Step 6:

Press the RST pushbutton.

Step 7:

Click with the mouse over the S-LATHE icon on your desktop.
An introductory screen will appear on the screen.

Lyric

Lyric

10

Step 8:

Use the mouse or press [Alt+F] and look at the sub-functions of

the FILE function. Move right and left with the arrows or with
the mouse and observe the other functions and their subfunctions.

Step 9:

Select the OPTIONS function.

Select the COM port.
Select the PC COM port and click OK.

Step 10: Select the OPTIONS function again.

Now select the INITIAL MACHINE Sub-function.
This function initializes the C-502 controller and loads it with the
turning machine program.
The program is loaded into non-volatile memory of the
controller.
This initialization should be done once while installing the
C-502.
Step 11: If there is no communication between the PC and C-502, do the
following:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Check the communication cable connections.

Press RST.
Check the COM port. If it is necessary, change the COM
port number by selecting the OPTIONS function and the
COM port sub-function.
Initial the C-502 controller again by the OPTIONS function
and the INITIAL MACHINE sub-function.

Step 12: Select the OPTIONS function again.

Now select the SAVE CONFIGURATION sub-function.

Lyric

11

From now on, the definitions you have selected are

stored in the configuration file and will be the system's
default.

Lyric

12

1.5

Monitor

Step 1:

Click over the MONITOR function and the CNC MONITOR

sub-function.
The monitor screen will appear.

The monitor window enables us to control the C-502 manually

and to bring the material and the turning tool to home position
(the turning start point).
Step 2:

The C-502 has 2 limit switches that indicate the absolute home
position for each axis.
The monitor has two home check points (Home X and Home
Z). Clicking over the check points add/delete the mark in the
check point.
Clicking over the GO TO MACHINE HOME button returns the
marked axis to home position.
Mark all the two axes and click on the GO TO MACHINE
HOME button.

Lyric

13

Important Note:
After turning on the C-502 or pressing 'RST', the monitor
command 'GO TO MACHINE HOME' for all dimensions
(X,Z) must be instructed in order to synchronized the
interface with the system location.
Step 3:

The button "Start Spindle Motor" turns ON the spindle.

Close the C-502 door and click over the "Start Spindle Motor"
button.
The motor turns ON and starts speeding according to the speed
bar.
Move the speed bar and press the "Start Spindle Motor" button
again.
Note:
Changing the bar will not change the speed.
The speed is changed only on pressing the "Start Spindle
Motor" button.

Step 4:

Open the transparent door and the turning motor stops.

Important Note:
If the movement motors rotate, you must take care to stop
them by clicking over the 'Stop' button on the screen or
pressing RST.
For emergency stop, press the emergency button.

Step 5:

Close the door and the motor runs again.

Important Note:
Do not move the motor on any dimension when the turning
motor is OFF.

Step 6:

You can move the turning tool (X-Z movement) by using the UPDOWN buttons for each axis.
Lyric

14

Check that.
Step 7:

You can determine steps for each axis (positive or negative)

using the steps field and also to determine the movement feed in
millimeter per minute.
Check that in different ways.

Step 8:

You can define any point as the project home using the button
'Define Project Point'.
Click on the 'Define Project Point' button and the X,Z fields of
the project are set to zero.

Step 9:

Move the system using the arrow keys and X,Z fields will be
updated accordingly.

Step 10: Click over the button 'Go To Project Home' and the system will
return to the defined project home point.
Check that.

Lyric

15

Experiment 1.1 Turning Processing

Objectives:

Writing the first turning program according to a drawing.

Understanding turning processing.
Running the program on simulation.

Equipment required:

PC computer
S-LATHE software

Discussion:
In turning we have several processing types: Turning, Grooving and
Threading.
The processed material (a rod of metal, plastic or wood) is installed in the
spindle bore and rotates fast.
When the turning tool goes on Z dimension, it removes slivers from the
perimeter of the rod (like peeling).
The turning tool speed on Z direction should not be faster than the spindle
rotation.
When the Z movement is faster than the spindle rotation we get a thread.
When the turning tool goes on X direction only into the rod, it creates a
groove along its perimeter.
The turning drawing shows only half of the part projection. This is enough
because of the complete symmetry. The drawing includes a symmetry axis.
In the experiments that follow we will process the part shown in the
following figure.

Lyric

16
51
3

21

5 6

41

31
5

01

0
1- 234-56789-

11

1
07- 66-

05-

-38
63-

-26

-16

-6 2 -

(daeheroF) ecaF

Figure 1-1
The symbol
indicates the project home position. It is also the origin of
the axes. The X,Z absolute values relate to this point.
The numbers a he right show the distance from the home project on X axis.
The processing process is done by turning one millimeter at a time as
described in the figure 1-1.
With a special turning tool and on grooving process we cut off the required
processed material from its base. The rod is cut when the groove depth is
equal to the rod's radius.
We define the starting point outside the main material.
We turn an extra part in front of the required processing area. This part is
called 'Face' or 'Forehead'.
Usually, we use a rod with a diameter greater than required and we turn it
to the required diameter, in order to ensure straight and symmetrical rod.
In this experiment we will turn a 20 mm rod into 18 mm rod above the cut
off position. This also processes area No. 1.
Important note:
Because the setup of the turning tool can be done only on the
unprocessed rod, we will run the program on simulation until we have
a complete turning program.
Warning:
Dont cut more than 1mm each time.

Lyric

17

Cutting more than 1mm can brake the tool or jam the machine.

Lyric

18

Procedure:
Step 1:

Click with the mouse over the S-LATHE icon on your desktop.
An introductory screen will appear on the screen.

Step 2:

Select the FILE function and the NEW sub-function.

An editor window appears and more functions are added to the
menu line.
The added functions are EDIT, VIEW, and RUN.

Step 3:

Type the following G&M-Code turning program for range 1:

M4
G0
G1
G1
G0
M5

S2000
X-9
; range 1
Z-66 F200
X-10 Z-70
Z0

;start spindle motor at 2000 RPM

move to 9mm from the rod center
;move to point 2
;move to point 1
;return
;stop spindle motor

Step 4:

Compare the program with the drawing. Check each instruction.

Step 5:

Select the function FILE and the SAVE AS sub-function.

A dialog window is opened requesting the file name.

Step 6:

Type the name PART1 and click OK.

The program is saved under the name PART1.TAP.

Step 7:

Select the OPTIONS function again.

Select the SIMULATION sub-function.
In simulation mode, the software simulates the
machine behavior on the screen, without processing the
material.
This option enables us to check our program before turning the
material.
Lyric

19

Lyric

20

Step 8:

Select the function RUN and the RUN sub-function.

A graph window appears.
The program is executed step by step graphically on the window.
Observe the drawing.

Step 9:

If the graph is not correct according to the program, correct the

program and run it again.

Step 10: Add to the program the instruction for range No. 2.
M4 S2000
G0 X-9
; range 1
G1 Z-66
F200
G1 X-10 Z-70
G0 Z0
G0 X-8
; range 2
G1 Z-38
G1 X-9 Z-50
G0 X-10
G0 Z0
M5

;start spindle motor at 2000 RPM

move to 9mm from the rod center
;move to point 2
;move to point 1
;return
move to 8mm from the rod center
;move to point 4
;move to point 3
;move out
;return
;stop spindle motor

Step 11: Compare the program with the drawing. Check each instruction.
Step 12: Select the FILE function and the SAVE sub-function or click
[Ctrl+S] for saving the program.
Step 13: Select the function RUN and the RUN sub-function.
A graph window appears.
The program is executed step by step graphically on the window.
Observe the drawing.
Step 14: If the graph is not correct according to the program, correct the
program and run it again.

Lyric

21

Experiment 1.2 Arches

Objectives:

Understanding arch programming.

Understanding arch processing.

Equipment required:

PC computer
S-LATHE software

Discussion:
An arch is part of a circle. To define an arch we define the center of its
circle and the starting point on the circle's perimeter (see the description of
G2 and G3 instructions).
51
3

21

5 6

41

31
5

01

0
1- 234-56789-

11

1
07- 66-

05-

-38
63-

-26

-16

-6 2 -

(daeheroF) ecaF

Figure 1-2
Area No.3 includes an arch and its center is at points X=-8 and Z=-36.
Check that.

Lyric

22

Because the radius of the arch is 2mm only, we will process the arch in two
stages.
The arch at the first stage is from 150o to 180o.
R/2

E = 180o
C = 150o

R/2

30o

I = -8
K = -36

Figure 1-3
The arch at the second stage is from 150o to 90o.
R/2

E = 150o

R/2

30

C = 90o

I = -8
K = -36

Figure 1-4
The second arch at range 6 has 4mm radius. We shall divide the arch to 4
stages.

I=0
K = -6
0.25R
0.5R
0.75R
R

Figure 1-5
The angles are: 14.5o, 30o, 48.6o and 90o.

Lyric

23

The arch at the first stage is from C = -48.6o to E = -90o.

I=0
K = -6
C = -48.6o
E = -90o

0.25R
0.5R
0.75R
R

Figure 1-6
The arch at the second stage is from C = -30o to E = -48.6o.

I=0
K = -6
C = -30o
E = -48.6o

0.25R
0.5R
0.75R
R

Figure 1-7
The arch at the third stage is from C = -14.5o to E = -30o.

I=0
K = -6
C = -14.5o
E = -30o

0.25R
0.5R
0.75R
R

Figure 1-8
The arch at the fourth stage is from C = 0o to E = -14.5o.

I=0
K = -6
0.25R
0.5R
0.75R
R

E = -14.5o

C = 0o

Lyric

24

Figure 1-9

Lyric

25

Procedure:
Step 1:

Click with the mouse over the S-LATHE icon on your desktop.

Step 2:

Select the FILE function and the OPEN sub-function.

A dialog window is opened requesting the file name.

Step 3:

Select the PART1.TAP file.

Step 4:

Add to the program the instruction for range No. 3.

M4
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G0
G1
G3
G0
G0
G1
G1
G3
G0
G0
M5

S2000
X-9
; range 1
Z-66 F200
X-10 Z-70
Z0
X-8
; range 2
Z-38
X-9 Z-50
X-10
Z0
X-7
;range 3
Z-36
R2 I-8 K-36 C150 E180
X-9
Z0
X-6
Z-36
R2 I-8 K-36 C90 E150
X-8
Z0

;start spindle motor at 2000 RPM

move to 9mm from the rod center
;move to point 2
;move to point 1
;return
move to 8mm from the rod center
;move to point 4
;move to point 3
;move out
;return
move to 7mm from the rod center
;move to point 5
;move to point 4
;move out
;return
;move to 6mm from the rod center
;move to point 6
;move to point 5
;move out
;return
;stop spindle motor

Step 5:

Compare the program with the drawing. Check each instruction.

Step 6:

Select the FILE function and the SAVE sub-function or click

[Ctrl+S] for saving the program.

Step 7:

Select the function RUN and the RUN sub-function.

A graph window appears.
The program is executed step by step graphically on the window.

Lyric

26

Observe the drawing.

Lyric

27

Step 8:

If the graph is not correct according to the program, correct the

program and run it again.

Step 9:

Add to the program the instruction for ranges No. 4, 5 and 6.

M4
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G0
G1
G3
G0
G0
G1
G1
G3
G0
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G2
G0
G0
G1
G1
G2
G0
G0
G1
G1
G2
G0

S2000
X-9
Z-66 F200
X-10 Z-70
Z0
X-8
Z-38
X-9 Z-50
X-10
Z0
X-7
Z-36
R2 I-8 K-36 C150 E180
X-8
Z0
X-6
Z-36
R2 I-8 K-36 C90 E150
X-8
Z0
X-5
Z-26
X-7
Z0
X-4
Z-16
X-7
Z0
X-3
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C-48.6 E-90
X-4
Z0
X-2
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C-30 E-48.6
X-4
Z0
X-1
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C-14 E-30
X-4

; range 1

; range 2

;range 3

;range 4

;range 5

;range 6

;start spindle motor at 2000 RPM

move to 9mm from the rod center
;move to point 2
;move to point 1
;return
move to 8mm from the rod center
;move to point 4
;move to point 3
;move out
;return
move to 7mm from the rod center
;move to point 5
;move to point 4
;move out
;return
;move to 6mm from the rod center
;move to point 6
;move to point 5
;move out
;return
move to 5mm from the rod center
;move to point 8
;move out
;return
move to 4mm from the rod center
;move to point 10
;move out
;return
move to 3mm from the rod center
;turning the forehead
;move to point 11
;move out
;return
;move to point 12
;return
;move to point 13

Lyric

28
G0

Z0

;return

Lyric

29

G1
G1
G2
G0
G0
M5

X0
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C0 E-14.5
X-4
Z0

;move to point 14
;move out
;return
;stop spindle motor

Step 10: Select the FILE function and the SAVE sub-function or click
[Ctrl+S] for saving the program.
Step 11: Select the function RUN and the RUN sub-function.
A graph window appears.
The program is executed step by step graphically on the window.
Observe the drawing.
Step 12: If the graph is not correct according to the program, correct the
program and run it again.

Lyric

30

Experiment 1.3 Turning the Rod

Objectives:

How to setup the system.

How to locate the turning tool.
Processing the rod.

Equipment required:

PC computer
S-LATHE software
C-502
Turning tool
80 x 20mm plastic rod

Discussion:
In the previous experiments we have built a program that turns a 20mm rod
to the following figure.
51
3

21

5 6

41

31
5

01

0
1- 234-56789-

11

1
07- 66-

05-

-38
63-

-26

-16

-6 2 -

(daeheroF) ecaF

Figure 1-10
In this experiment we shall install the rod in the turning machine spindle,
setup the turning tool and process the rod.

Lyric

31

Procedure:
Step 1:

Connect the power cable to the C-502 power inlet.

Step 2:

The serial communication cable (CBL-1) is a 3 wire cable with a

D-connector on one side and an earphone plug on the other side.
Connect the D-connector to the serial communication outlet of
the PC (COM1 or COM2) and the earphone plug to the earphone
inlet.

Step 3:

Connect the power supply of the C-502 to the Mains.

Step 4:

C-502 has an emergency pushbutton on the front panel.

Turn it ON by turning it to the right. The pushbutton will go out.

Step 5:

Turn ON the power supply Main switch.

Step 6:

Click with the mouse over the S-LATHE icon on your desktop.

Step 7:

Select the FILE function and the OPEN sub-function.

A dialog window is opened requesting the file name.

Lyric

32

Step 8:

Select the PART1.LAT file.

The following program will appear.
M4
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G0
G1
G3
G0
G0
G1
G1
G3
G0
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G1
G0
G0
G1
G2
G0
G0
G1
G1
G2
G0
G0
G1
G1
G2
G0
G0

S2000
X-9
Z-66 F200
X-10 Z-70
Z0
X-8
Z-38
X-9 Z-50
X-10
Z0
X-7
Z-36
R2 I-8 K-36 C150 E180
X-8
Z0
X-6
Z-36
R2 I-8 K-36 C90 E150
X-8
Z0
X-5
Z-26
X-7
Z0
X-4
Z-16
X-7
Z0
X-3
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C-48.6 E-90
X-4
Z0
X-2
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C-30 E-48.6
X-4
Z0
X-1
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C-14 E-30
X-4
Z0

; range 1

; range 2

;range 3

;range 4

;range 5

;range 6

;start spindle motor at 2000 RPM

move to 9mm from the rod center
;move to point 2
;move to point 1
;return
move to 8mm from the rod center
;move to point 4
;move to point 3
;move out
;return
move to 7mm from the rod center
;move to point 5
;move to point 4
;move out
;return
;move to 6mm from the rod center
;move to point 6
;move to point 5
;move out
;return
move to 5mm from the rod center
;move to point 8
;move out
;return
move to 4mm from the rod center
;move to point 10
;move out
;return
move to 3mm from the rod center
;turning the forehead
;move to point 11
;move out
;return
;move to point 12
;return
;move to point 13

;return

Lyric

33

G1
G1
G2
G0
G0
M5

Step 9:

X0
Z-2
R4 I0 K-6 C0 E-14.5
X-4
Z0

;move to point 14
;move out
;return
;stop spindle motor

Compare the program with the drawing. Check each instruction

and mark the turning tool path on the drawing.

Step 10: Select the OPTIONS function and the SIMULATION subfunction in order to check the program by simulation.
Step 11: Select the function RUN and the RUN sub-function.
A graph window appears.
The program is executed step by step graphically on the window.
Observe the drawing.
Step 12: If the graph is not correct according to the program, correct the
program and run it again.
Step 13: Select the OPTIONS function and the TURNING sub-function in
order to operate the system.

Lyric

34

Step 14: Select the function MONITOR and the sub-function CNC
MONITOR.
The CNC monitor appears.

Make sure that all the check boxes of 'Home X', 'Home Y' and
'Home Z' are checked, and press the "GO TO MACHINE
HOME" button.
The machine should move to the absolute home position.
Step 15: Install the material (80x20mm plastic rod) into the C-502 spindle
and tighten it.
Step 16: Using the monitor buttons, bring the turning tool near the edge
position of the rod as described in the following figure.

Spindle

Rod
Turning
Tool

Lyric

35

Step 17: Turn ON the turning motor and approach the turning tool slowly
until it touches the rod.
Step 18: Using the MONITOR buttons, move the turning tool 1mm to the
right and 10mm to the center of the rod.
Step 19: Press the "DEFINE PFOJECT HOME" button.
Step 20: Select the RUN function and the RUN sub-function.
The system should turn the material according to the program.
Step 21: When the program ends, it stops the motor.
Step 22: Take out the processed rod and compare it with the drawing.

Lyric

36

Experiment 1.4 Project Processing

Objectives:

Integrating all the knowledge into a project

Design and development

Equipment required:

PC computer
S-LATHE software
C-502
Turning tool
80 x 20mm plastic rod

Procedure:
Step 1:

Design a decorated rod.

Step 2:

Draw your design and after that convert it into a G&M-Code

program.

Step 3:

Run the program on simulation until you have a satisfactory

program.

Step 4:

Install a plastic rod into the C-502 spindle and process it as

described in the previous experiment (steps 13-22).

Lyric

37

1.6

SIEMENS screen

Step 1:

Click over the MONITOR function and the SIEMENS subfunction.

The SIEMENS window will appear.

The FANUC window is a simulation of FANUC monitor of CNC system.

This window acts as a monitor window that enables us to control the C-502
manually and to bring the material and the cutter to home position (the
milling start point).
This window also enables to write G&M code programs, to save them, to
open and edit G&M code programs and to run them.

Lyric

38

Monitor Functions
Step 2:

The C-502 has 2 limit switches that indicate the absolute home
position for each axis.
Clicking over the GO TO MACHINE HOME button returns the
marked axis to home position.
Check that.
Important Note:
After turning on the C-502 or pressing 'RST', the monitor
command 'GO TO MACHINE HOME' for all dimensions
(X,Y,Z) must be instructed in order to synchronized the
interface with the system location.

Step 3:

The button "Spindle" turns ON the spindle turning motor.

Close the C-502 door and click over the "Spindle" button.

Step 4:

Open the transparent door and the milling motor stops.

Important Note:
If the movement motors rotate, you must take care to stop
them by clicking over the 'Stop' button on the screen or
pressing RST.
For emergency stop, press the emergency button.

Step 5:

Close the door and the motor runs again.

Step 6:

You can move the cutter (X-Z movement) by using the arrow
buttons for each axis.
The monitor displays the current position of the machine in the
X,Z fields on the blue screen.
Check that.

Lyric

39

Step 7:

You can determine movement length in millimeter per each

arrow button click.
Change that 'Fine Move' field and check.

Step 8:

You can determine movement speed in millimeter per minute.

Change that 'FEED' field and check.

Step 9:

You can define any point as the project home using the button
'Define Project Point'.
Click on the 'Define Project Point' button and the X,Z fields of
the project are set to zero.

Step 10: Move the system using the arrow keys and X,Z fields will be
updated accordingly.
Step 11: Click over the button 'Go To Project Home' and the system will
return to the defined project home point.
Check that.

Lyric

40

Program Functions
Step 1:

The left side of the window is for program writing and editing.
The program is written in the blue screen on the top.
You can click on the keyboard buttons such as letters, digits and
functions (Space, Back space, Enter and Delete). Clicking the
Shift key shifts the function of the buttons from one to the other.
This is a simulation of using a machine keyboard.
On the other hand, you can use the PC keyboard to write and edit
your program.
Click on the left side of the blue screen to move the cursor to
there and type the following program.
M4
G0
G1
G1
G0
M5

S2000
X-9
Z-66 F200
X-10 Z-70
Z0

Step 2:

Save the program using the 'Save As' button.

Step 3:

Click over the 'Simulation' button.

Step 4:

Run the program on simulation mode.

The simulation screen will be automatically open and will
display the simulation run.

Step 5:

Install the material (80x20mm plastic rod) into the C-502 spindle
and tighten it.

Lyric

41

Step 6:

Using the monitor buttons, bring the turning tool near the edge
position of the rod as described in the following figure.

Spindle

Rod
Turning
Tool

Step 7:

Turn ON the turning motor and approach the turning tool slowly
until it touches the rod.

Step 8:

Using the MONITOR buttons, move the turning tool 1mm to the
right and 10mm to the center of the rod.

Step 9:

Press the "DEFINE PFOJECT HOME" button.

Step 10: Click on the 'Machine' button in order to operate the system.
Step 11: Press the "DEFINE PROJECT HOME" button.
Step 12: Click on the 'RUN' button.
The system should mill the material according to the program.
Step 13: You can open any written 'TAP' program using the 'Open' button,
edit it on the screen and save it back using the 'Save' button.
Try that.

Lyric